Recently lattice-reduction (LR) has been used in signal detection for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The conventional LR aided detection schemes are combinations of LR and signal ...detection methods such as zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection. In this paper, we propose the LR aided scheme based on extended noise variance matrix in quantization step. Simulation results in a random MIMO system show that the proposed scheme exhibits improved performance and a slight increase in complexity.
In this paper, we a propose near maximum-likelihood detection (MLD) scheme for multiple-input multiple-output antenna systems over flat fading channels. The new scheme is based on utilizing an ...initial estimate of the received symbol and discriminate the reliability of the estimated symbol with RD algorithm. If the reliability of the estimated symbol is low, we make a candidate subset of the upper and lower bounds derived from RD algorithm, and then search for the most reliable symbol. The proposed schemes have proved to significantly reduce computational complexity in simulation.
Abstract We characterized the cytogenetic changes and prognostic characteristics of 133 Korean patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), focusing on 5q− syndrome and MDS with chromosome ...abnormalities involving 5q deletion according to World Health Organization 2008 classification. In all patients, G banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization for 5q were performed, and in MDS patients with 5q deletion, the deleted region on chromosome 5 was mapped with fluorescence in situ hybridization for EGR1, CSF1R, and PDGFRB. The frequency of isolated del(5q) syndrome and 5q deletion was 2.2% (3 of 137 patients) and 15.3% (21 of 137 patients), respectively. International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) groups were low risk (5.8%), intermediate 1 (51.1%), intermediate 2 (27.8%), and high risk (15.3%). The patients with del(5q) were significantly older (62 years) and showed an unfavorable survival compared to patients without del(5q). Half (53%) of the patients with del(5q) also had complex chromosome abnormalities, including chromosome 7 abnormalities. Of the patients with del(5q), 93.3% were deleted for all three regions on 5q, compared to 66.7% of patients with isolated del(5q). Marker chromosomes proved to be chromosome 5 with interstitial deletion of q arm by fluorescence in situ hybridization in three patients. The biological characteristics of MDS in Korea seem to be markedly different from those of Caucasians, with Koreans having a younger age, lower frequencies of 5q− syndrome, higher frequencies of complex cytogenetic abnormalities including del(5q), and poorer prognosis. We infer that additional chromosome abnormalities contribute to the adverse prognostic impact in patients with del(5q).
만성 췌장염 환자에서 체외충격파 쇄석술을 이용한 췌관 결석의 치료 이성구; Sung Koo Lee; 김명환 ...
The Korean journal of gastroenterology,
01/1998, Letnik:
31, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Background/Aims: Calculous obstruction of the main pancreatic duct, accompanying upstream dilatation and hypertension, is one of the causes of pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis. ...Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is useful when the stones cannot be removed by endoscopic pocedures alone. We reviewed our results in 7 patients treated with combined endoscopic-ESWL approach. Methods: Between March 1990 and December 1997, seven patients with severe chronic pancreatitis were treated by ESWL for endoscopically umetrievable obstructive stones in our department. For all patients, endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy was carried out to facilitate the passage of fragments into the duodenum. Then, the ESWL was performed with an electrohydraulic lithotriptor. Patients were sedated with intravenous injection of 50 mg of pethidine. None of the patients was treated under general anesthesia. Results: The procedures were well tolerated in all patients. Fragmentation and complete clearance of pancreatic duct stanes were obtained in all 7 patients (100%). The mean number of shock wave treatments was 5 (3-6) and the patients teceived 1,697 (1,500-2,370) shockwave discharges with an energy of 15 kv(14+-16). There was no mortality related to the procedures. A mild increase in serum amylase levels were observed in 2 patients (33%). Conclusions: The ESWL is a safe and effective treatment for endascopically unretrievable panereatic stones in the main pancreatic duct. The ESWL combined with endoscopy could inerease the success rate of nonsurgical removal of pancreatic duct stones in the patients with chronic pancreatitis. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1998;31:822 - 828)
A conventional direct moxibustion remedy for medical treatment has used a number of moxa lumps for patient surgical operation. The moxibustion remedy is one of the most important treatments in ...oriental medicine. Many diseases have been cured by improvement of circulation of the blood due to pharmacological effect of moxa and the thermal effect of moxibustion remedy. However, such a remedy has problems in operating the moxibustion and causes the risk of burn. In order to get rid of these problems we have suggested the drug-pad moxibustion cauterizer. We have researched the effect on body heat generation by the drug-pad moxibustion cauterizer. The experimental demonstrations have been made by stimulating the spot CV12 (Jung-Wan) acupuncture point of the conception vessel meridian (CV). Stimulation time was one hour with drug-pad moxibustion cauterizer of the multiple heating-pad. At the same time the other subjects have been the spots CV4 (Kwan-Won), CV8 (Shin-Guel), CV12 (Jung-Wan) acupuncture points of the conception vessel meridian (CV) and stimulation time was one hour with drug-pad moxibustion cauterizer of the single heating-pad. The third subjects have been stimulated by only drug (the moxa lotion), and the fourth subjects have been stimulated by only thermo-remedy. In the different cases, we have measured the body heat in prestimulation, just after stimulation, 2 hours after, 4 hours after, and 6 hours after. In the conclusion, we have evaluated the efficiency of the drug-pad moxibustion cauterizer.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy is one of the most frequent procedures, but relatively little is known about its pulmonary effects. Pulse oximeter is a convenient and non-invasive methods which monitors ...SaO2 and pluse rate. So, we studied the change of SaO2 and pluse rates during esophagogas-troduodenoscopy in the patients with impaired plumonary function and normal controls by pluse oximeter. In conclusion, the drop in SaO2 during endoscopy could occur in the pulmonary disease patients with mild to moderate imparied pulmonary function, but this change was transient and recovered rapidly during examination. So, we suppese that specific therapy such as O2 supply may not be requried durging endoscopy in these patients.
