This study provides empirical evidence for the role of dependence and trust in knowledge sharing in information systems projects. As critical antecedents of dependence and trust among team members, ...four constructs are included in the study—environmental complexity, domain expertise, similarity of project value, and communication frequency. Partial least square analyses are conducted, using data collected from 135 project teams in two large IT firms. The results confirm that dependence and trust maintain a strong impact on knowledge sharing, leading to good team project performance. This study uses a cross-sectional survey as a research method. Longer term exploration seems necessary to further explore how trust and dependence are actually formed among team members. Findings indicate that team members share their knowledge when they trust their partners and when they feel dependent. Feelings of dependence and trust are influenced by the communication frequency, perceived similarity of the project's value, and the perceived expertise. Project managers need to pay attention to these variables in order to increase the level of knowledge sharing among team members especially in information systems development projects where primary tasks are critically knowledge-intensive.
•Dependence and trust maintain a strong impact on knowledge sharing.•Complexity influences knowledge sharing, mediated by the dependence on partners.•Expertise play key roles in the knowledge sharing mechanism in project.•Similarity and communication are key variables in understanding knowledge sharing.
Information systems development is a knowledge intensive collaboration project demanding high level of team social capital especially between business and technology experts. In this study, team ...social capital is conceptualized with three sub-constructs: social ties, trust and shared vision. Knowledge and communication by business and technology experts are hypothesized as critical antecedents of team social capital leading to team performance. A survey has been conducted collecting data from pairs of business and technology experts in 126 project teams. Data analysis largely confirmed the research model. Social ties seem to precede shared vision and trust. Trust seems to have a stronger association with the performance compared with shared vision. Knowledge and communication of both parties are found to be important, but, interestingly, business professionals' knowledge and communication seem to have a stronger influence in forming the team social capital. Implications and further studies are discussed with limitations.
•Knowledge and communication raise the team social capital in a shorter period of time.•Counterparts' knowledge level increases the trust level among team members.•Communication effectiveness increases the level of social ties and shared vision.•Roles of business professionals are more important than technology professionals in ISD projects.•Internal structure of team social capital is empirically validated.
The phantom array effect is one of the temporal light artefacts that can decrease performance and increase fatigue. The phantom array effect visibility shows large individual differences; however, ...the dominant factors that can explain these individual differences remain unclear. We investigated the relationship between saccadic eye movement speed and phantom array visibility at two different angles and four different directions of saccadic eye movement. The peak speed of saccadic eye movement and the phantom array effect visibility were measured at different modulation frequencies of the light source. Our results show that phantom array visibility increased as eye movement speed increased; the phantom array visibility was higher at a wide viewing angle with fast eye movement speed than at a narrow viewing angle. Moreover, when clustered into subgroups according to individual eye movement speed, the mean speed of the saccadic eye movement of each subgroup is related to the variations in the visibility of the phantom array effect of the subgroup. Therefore, saccadic eye movement speed is related to variations in phantom array effect visibility.
Autophagy is a highly conserved self-digestion process, which is essential for maintaining homeostasis and viability in response to nutrient starvation. Although the components of autophagy in the ...cytoplasm have been well studied, the molecular basis for the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of autophagy is poorly understood. Here we identify co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) as a crucial component of autophagy in mammals. Notably, CARM1 stability is regulated by the SKP2-containing SCF (SKP1-cullin1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase in the nucleus, but not in the cytoplasm, under nutrient-rich conditions. Furthermore, we show that nutrient starvation results in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent phosphorylation of FOXO3a in the nucleus, which in turn transcriptionally represses SKP2. This repression leads to increased levels of CARM1 protein and subsequent increases in histone H3 Arg17 dimethylation. Genome-wide analyses reveal that CARM1 exerts transcriptional co-activator function on autophagy-related and lysosomal genes through transcription factor EB (TFEB). Our findings demonstrate that CARM1-dependent histone arginine methylation is a crucial nuclear event in autophagy, and identify a new signalling axis of AMPK-SKP2-CARM1 in the regulation of autophagy induction after nutrient starvation.
Purpose
To investigate the usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values derived from histogram analysis of the whole rectal cancer as a quantitative parameter to evaluate pathologic ...complete response (pCR) on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Materials and Methods
We enrolled a total of 86 consecutive patients who had undergone surgery for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) at our institution between July 2012 and November 2014. Two radiologists who were blinded to the final pathological results reviewed post‐CRT MRI to evaluate tumor stage. Quantitative image analysis was performed using T2‐weighted and diffusion‐weighted images independently by two radiologists using dedicated software that performed histogram analysis to assess the distribution of ADC in the whole tumor.
Results
After surgery, 16 patients were confirmed to have achieved pCR (18.6%). All parameters from pre‐ and post‐CRT ADC histogram showed good or excellent agreement between two readers. The minimum, 10th, 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile and mean ADC from post‐CRT ADC histogram were significantly higher in the pCR group than in the non‐pCR group for both readers. The 25th percentile value from ADC histogram in post‐CRT MRI had the best diagnostic performance for detecting pCR, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.796.
Conclusion
Low percentile values derived from the ADC histogram analysis of rectal cancer on MRI after CRT showed a significant difference between pCR and non‐pCR groups, demonstrating the utility of the ADC value as a quantitative and objective marker to evaluate complete pathologic response to preoperative CRT in rectal cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:212–220.
Tumors are composed of subpopulations of cancer cells with functionally distinct features. Intratumoral heterogeneity limits the therapeutic effectiveness of cancer drugs. To address this issue, it ...is important to understand the regulatory mechanisms driving a subclonal variety within a therapy-resistant tumor. We identified tumor subclones of HN9 head and neck cancer cells showing distinct responses to radiation with different levels of p62 expression. Genetically identical grounds but epigenetic heterogeneity of the p62 promoter regions revealed that radioresistant HN9-R clones displayed low p62 expression via the creation of repressive chromatin architecture, in which cooperation between DNMT1 (DNA methyltransferases 1) and HDAC1 (histone deacetylases 1) resulted in DNA methylation and repressive H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 marks in the p62 promoter. Combined inhibition of DNMT1 and HDAC1 by genetic depletion or inhibitors enhanced the suppressive effects on proliferative capacity and in vivo tumorigenesis following irradiation. Importantly, ectopically p62-overexpressed HN9-R clones increased the induction of senescence along with p62-dependent autophagy activation. These results demonstrate the heterogeneous expression of p62 as the key component of clonal variation within a tumor against irradiation. Understanding the epigenetic diversity of p62 heterogeneity among subclones allows for improved identification of the functional state of subclones and provides a novel treatment option to resolve resistance to current therapies.
High-level radioactive waste produced by nuclear power plants are disposed subterraneously utilizing an engineered barrier system (EBS). A gap inevitably exists between the disposal canisters and ...buffer materials, which may have a negative effect on the thermal transfer and water-blocking efficiency of the system. As few previous experimental works have quantified this effect, this study aimed to create an experimental model for investigating differences in the temperature changes of bentonite buffer in the presence and absence of air gaps between it and a surrounding stainless steel cell. Three test scenarios comprised an empty cell and cells partially or completely filled with bentonite. The temperature was measured inside the buffers and on the inner surface of their surrounding cells, which were artificially heated. The time required for the entire system to reach 100 °C was approximately 40% faster with no gap between the inner cell surface and the bentonite. This suggests that rock–buffer spaces should be filled in practice to ensure the rapid dissipation of heat from the buffer materials to their surroundings. However, it can be advantageous to retain buffer–canister gaps to lower the peak buffer temperature.
Given large-scale multi-dimensional data (e.g., (user, movie, time; rating) for movie recommendations), how can we extract latent concepts/relations of such data? Tensor factorization has been widely ...used to solve such problems with multi-dimensional data, which are modeled as tensors. However, most tensor factorization algorithms exhibit limited scalability and speed since they require huge memory and heavy computational costs while updating factor matrices. In this paper, we propose GTA, a general framework for Tucker factorization on heterogeneous platforms. GTA performs alternating least squares with a row-wise update rule in a fully parallel way, which significantly reduces memory requirements for updating factor matrices. Furthermore, GTA provides two algorithms: GTA-PART for partially observable tensors and GTA-FULL for fully observable tensors, both of which accelerate the update process using GPUs and CPUs. Experimental results show that GTA exhibits 5.6 \sim 44.6 \times5.6∼44.6× speed-up for large-scale tensors compared to the state-of-the-art. In addition, GTA scales near linearly with the number of GPUs and computing nodes used for experiments.
A poorly known nursery web spider species, Dolomedes nigrimaculatus (Araneae: Pisauridae), is redescribed on the basis of Korean specimens, with a new junior synonym, Dolomedes jirisanensis which has ...been treated wrongly as a nomen nudum. Dolomedes nigrimaculatus is considered a sister species of D. zatsun from Okinawa Island, Japan, which have several morphological characteristics in common. Detailed description and remarks on the synonymy and intraspecific variation in its body coloration and shape of copulatory organs of D. nigrimaculatus are provided, with a key to all Korean Dolomedes species.
Background
Single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) was recently introduced as an innovative minimally invasive surgery method. Retrospective studies have revealed the safety and feasibility of SPLS ...for colon cancer treatment. However, no prospective randomized trials have been performed. The multicenter, randomized SIMPLE (single-port versus multiport laparoscopic surgery) trial aimed to investigate short-term perioperative outcomes of SPLS for colon cancer treatment, compared with multiport laparoscopic surgery (MPLS).
Methods
Between August 2011 and April 2014, a total of 194 patients with colon cancer were recruited from seven hospitals in Korea. Patients were randomly allocated into the SPLS group (
n
= 99) or MPLS group (
n
= 95). The primary endpoint was postoperative complications. Operative, postoperative, and pathologic outcomes were analyzed after 50% of the patient study population had been recruited.
Results
The patients’ demographic characteristics, operative times, estimated blood volume losses, numbers of harvested lymph nodes, and lengths of both resection margins were not significantly different between groups. In the SPLS group, the rates of conversion to MPLS and open surgery were 12.9 and 2.2%, respectively. Postoperative complications occurred in 10.8% of the SPLS, and 12.5% of the MPLS patients (
p
= 0.714). Times to functional recovery, pain scores, and amounts of analgesia were similar between groups.
Conclusion
The results of this interim analysis suggested that SPLS is technically safe and appropriate when used for radical resection of colon cancer. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01480128).
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