We present a clinical case of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) muscle belly of the small finger originating from the palm of a patient undergoing carpal tunnel surgery with a literature review.
A ...28-year-old right-handed woman visited our hospital with a chief complaint of a continuous tingling sensation and weakness in the right hand, which began after the volar side of her wrist was crushed by a machine during work 2 weeks prior. The patient complained of a continuous tingling sensation in the thumb, index, and middle fingers. The patient had a positive result on Tinel test of the median nerve of the wrist. As electromyography and nerve conduction velocities showed signs of severe injury in the right median nerve, exploration and carpal tunnel release were planned.
Carpal tunnel release was performed under regional anesthesia using the classical open approach. The median nerve in the distal forearm and distal portion of the flexor retinaculum appeared to be narrowed and compressed. An anomalous muscle originating from the flexor retinaculum is also observed.
The FDS muscle of the small finger was excised at the flexor retinaculum and musculotendinous junction and sutured to the flexor digitorum profundus tendon.
At the 37-month follow-up, the patient did not experience any tingling sensation or weakness. She showed excellent range of motion of the right small finger. The grip strength was 20 kg on both the right and left sides. Quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand score was 2.3.
Asymptomatic small finger FDS muscle anomalies can occur, as demonstrated in this case study. Thus, physicians should familiarize themselves with small finger FDS muscle anomalies during interactions with patients to facilitate future treatments of patient complaints related to the hand, as well as wrist laceration or trauma requiring hand exploration.
A
bstract
We study scalar and vector exchange terms in out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) holographically. By applying a computational method in graviton exchange, we analyze exponential behaviors ...in scalar and vector exchange terms at late times. We show that their exponential behaviors in simple holographic models are related to pole-skipping points obtained from the near-horizon equations of motion of scalar and the vector fields. Our results are generalizations of the relation between the graviton exchange effect in OTOCs and the pole-skipping phenomena of the dual operator, to scalar and the vector fields.
To evaluate the influence of myoma characteristics on cesarean myomectomy and to demonstrate its additional advantages.
Retrospective data were collected from 292 women with myomas who had undergone ...cesarean section at Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital between 2007 and 2019. We performed subgroup analysis according to the type, weight, number, and size of myomas. Preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels, operative time, estimated blood loss, length of hospital stay, incidence of transfusion, uterine artery embolization, ligation, hysterectomy, and postoperative complications were compared among subgroups.
There were 119 patients who had cesarean myomectomy and 173 who had cesarean section only. An increase in postoperative hospitalization and operation time was observed in the cesarean myomectomy group compared to that in the caesarean section only group (mean difference, 0.7 days, p = 0.01, 13.5 minutes, p <0.001). Estimated blood loss, hemoglobin differences, and transfusion rates were higher in the cesarean myomectomy than in the cesarean section only group. There were no differences in postoperative complications (fever, bladder injury, and ileus) between the two groups. No hysterectomy cases were reported in the cesarean myomectomy group. In subgroup analysis, the larger and heavier the myoma, the higher the risk of bleeding that led to transfusion. Estimated blood loss, differences in hemoglobin, and transfusion rate increased depending on myoma size and weight. A significant increase in postoperative hospitalization was observed in women with larger and heavier myomas. However, there was no statistical difference among the three types of myomas.
In cesarean myomectomy, larger (≥ 10 cm), and heavier myomas (≥ 500 g), were associated with postoperative outcomes, but not the number or type of myoma. The safety of cesarean myomectomy is not inferior to that of caesarean section only, considering its positive effects such as gynecological symptom relief and avoidance of the next surgery.
A
bstract
We study a holographic construction of conformal blocks in the Regge limit of four-point scalar correlation functions by using coordinates of the two-sided Rindler-AdS black hole. As a ...generalization of geodesic Witten diagrams, we construct diagrams with four external scalar fields in the Rindler-AdS black hole by integrating over two half-geodesics between the centers of Penrose diagrams and points at the AdS boundary. We demonstrate that late-time behaviors of the diagrams coincide with the Regge behaviors of conformal blocks. We also point out their relevance with the pole-skipping phenomena by showing that the near-horizon analysis of symmetric traceless fields with any integer spin in the Rindler-AdS black hole can capture the Regge behaviors of conformal blocks.
Hydrophobic sponge structure‐based triboelectric nanogenerators using an inverse opal structured film for sustainable energy harvesting over a wide range of humid atmosphere have been successfully ...demonstrated. The output voltage and current density reach a record value of 130 V and 0.10 mA cm−2, respectively, giving over 10‐fold power enhancement, compared with the flat film‐based triboelectric nanogenerator.
Classifying pole-skipping points Ahn, Yong jun; Jahnke, Viktor; Jeong, Hyun-Sik ...
The journal of high energy physics,
03/2021, Letnik:
2021, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
We clarify general mathematical and physical properties of pole-skipping points. For this purpose, we analyse scalar and vector fields in hyperbolic space. This setup is chosen because it ...is simple enough to allow us to obtain analytical expressions for the Green’s function and check everything explicitly, while it contains all the essential features of pole-skipping points. We classify pole-skipping points in three types (type-I, II, III). Type-I and Type-II are distinguished by the (limiting) behavior of the Green’s function near the pole-skipping points. Type-III can arise at non-integer
iω
values, which is due to a specific UV condition, contrary to the types I and II, which are related to a non-unique near horizon boundary condition. We also clarify the relation between the pole-skipping structure of the Green’s function and the near horizon analysis. We point out that there are subtle cases where the near horizon analysis alone may not be able to capture the existence and properties of the pole-skipping points.
A
bstract
Motivated by the recent connection between pole-skipping phenomena of two point functions and four point out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs), we study the pole structure of thermal ...two-point functions in
d
-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) in hyperbolic space. We derive the pole-skipping points of two-point functions of scalar and vector fields by three methods (one field theoretic and two holographic methods) and confirm that they agree. We show that the leading pole-skipping point of two point functions is related with the late time behavior of conformal blocks and shadow conformal blocks in four-point OTOCs.
•Characterization of guest gas (CH4, N2) + CP hydrates is performed.•CP can function as a powerful thermodynamic promoter.•Both CH4 and N2 are enclathrated in sII CP hydrates.•Guest gas enclathration ...does not change the structure of CP hydrates.•Cage-specific occupation of guest molecules is observed.
In this study, stability conditions and characterization of guest gas (CH4 and N2) + CP hydrates were investigated with a primary focus on phase equilibria and microscopic analyses. Four-phase (H-LW-LCP-V) equilibria of the CH4 + CP and N2 + CP hydrates measured at the pressure range of 0–11 MPa demonstrated that CP could significantly reduce hydrate equilibrium pressure at any given temperature and, thus, could be used as a powerful thermodynamic promoter for gas hydrates containing CH4 and N2. Powder X-ray diffraction revealed that guest gas (CH4 and N2) + CP hydrates are indexed using a cubic sII unit cell (space group Fd3m) and that the inclusion of guest gases does not affect the original structure of CP hydrates. It was confirmed from 13C NMR spectra that CH4 molecules are enclathrated only in the small 512 cages of sII CH4 + CP hydrates and that the cage occupancy of CH4 molecules in the small 512 cages of sII CH4 + CP hydrates is relatively lower than that of sI CH4 hydrate. Time-dependent in situ Raman spectra also indicated the occupation of guest gases in the CP hydrate and an absence of structural transformation caused by the inclusion of guest gases. The findings of this study can broaden our understanding of cage-specific occupation of guest molecules in gas hydrates and, thus, provide important information on the application of CP hydrates to gas storage and separation.
Cristae are high‐curvature structures in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that are crucial for ATP production. While cristae‐shaping proteins have been defined, analogous lipid‐based mechanisms ...have yet to be elucidated. Here, we combine experimental lipidome dissection with multi‐scale modeling to investigate how lipid interactions dictate IMM morphology and ATP generation. When modulating phospholipid (PL) saturation in engineered yeast strains, we observed a surprisingly abrupt breakpoint in IMM topology driven by a continuous loss of ATP synthase organization at cristae ridges. We found that cardiolipin (CL) specifically buffers the inner mitochondrial membrane against curvature loss, an effect that is independent of ATP synthase dimerization. To explain this interaction, we developed a continuum model for cristae tubule formation that integrates both lipid and protein‐mediated curvatures. This model highlighted a snapthrough instability, which drives IMM collapse upon small changes in membrane properties. We also showed that cardiolipin is essential in low‐oxygen conditions that promote PL saturation. These results demonstrate that the mechanical function of cardiolipin is dependent on the surrounding lipid and protein components of the IMM.
Synopsis
Dedicated proteins are known to control the architecture of the inner mitochondrial membrane; however, the role of specific lipids is less well defined. Here, a combination of methods including tomography and lipidomics is used to characterise the role of lipid composition in defining cristae architecture.
As lipid ratios change, a critical breakpoint phenocopies the loss of cristae‐shaping proteins in the IMM of yeast mitochondria.
Phospholipid saturation controls membrane mechanical properties and modulates ATP synthase oligomerization.
The mitochondria‐specific lipid cardiolipin functionally compensates for increased phospholipid saturation and is required for cristae formation in low‐oxygen environments.
A mathematical model for cristae membrane tubules predicts a snap‐through instability mediated by both protein and lipid‐encoded curvatures.
Together, the amount of lipid saturation and cardiolipin define mitochondrial ultrastructure.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short cationic amphipathic peptides with a wide range of antimicrobial properties and play an important role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis by modulating ...immune responses in the reproductive tract. As intra-amniotic infection and microbial dysbiosis emerge as common causes of preterm births (PTBs), a better understanding of the AMPs involved in the development of PTB is essential. The altered expression of AMPs has been reported in PTB-related clinical presentations, such as preterm labor, intra-amniotic infection/inflammation, premature rupture of membranes, and cervical insufficiency. Moreover, it was previously reported that dysregulation of AMPs may affect the pregnancy prognosis. This review aims to describe the expression of AMPs associated with PTBs and to provide new perspectives on the role of AMPs in PTB.
PDF
