Limonin (Lim) is a white crystalline substance usually found in orange and lemon seeds. In this paper, we report the antiobesity effects of cyclodextrin (CD)‐treated Lim along with naringenin (Ng) ...and hesperetin (Hes). We demonstrated that Lim, Ng and Hes decreased cell viability in 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte cells. Lim, Ng and Hes inhibited the adipocyte differentiation in response to adipogenic inducers. The evidence for this inhibition included fewer Oil Red O positive droplets and a decreased expression of the adipocyte‐specific gene PPARγ2. In animal studies, Lim‐, Hes‐ and combination‐treated mice gained less body weight than control mice did. The plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced by Lim and the other substances. Furthermore, Lim increased the mRNA levels of lipid metabolism‐related genes, including Acox1, UCP2 and CPT1 in the liver. This study suggests that CD‐treated Lim prevents diet‐induced obesity in mice by inducing lipid metabolism‐related genes in the liver. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Limonin (Lim) is a limonoid that has a bitter taste and is a water‐insoluble substance found in citrus fruits. It has several important biological properties. Citrus Lim does not dissolve in water, which makes it unsuitable for use in oral preparations. In the present study, we used a cyclodextrin‐treated Lim that is very easily dissolved in water. In this report, we demonstrated the anti‐adipogenic effects of citrus Lim in 3T3‐L1 preadipocyte cells. We also used cyclodextrin‐clathrated Lim, naringenin and hesperetin to examine the hypocholesterolemic activities in mice. The results from our study showed that Lim and these two flavonoid‐related compounds can be used to develop oral preparations that may have possible lipid‐lowering properties and may be able to reduce diet‐induced obesity.
Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, management, and comorbidities of diabetes among Korean adults aged 30 years and older.
Methods: This study used 2013 to 2016 ...data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally-representative survey of the Korean population. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, current use of antidiabetic medication, a previous history of diabetes, or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5%.
Results: In 2016, 14.4% (approximately 5.02 million) of Korean adults had diabetes. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 25.3% (8.71 million). From 2013 to 2016, the awareness, control, and treatment rates for diabetes were 62.6%, 56.7%, and 25.1%, respectively. People with diabetes had the following comorbidities: obesity (50.4%), abdominal obesity (47.8%), hypertension (55.3%), and hypercholesterolemia (34.9%). The 25.1%, 68.4%, and 44.2% of people with diabetes achieved HbA1c <6.5%, blood pressure <140/85 mm Hg, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol <100 mg/dL. Only 8.4% of people with diabetes had good control of all three targets.
Conclusion: This study confirms that diabetes is as an important public health problem. Efforts should be made to increase awareness, detection, and comprehensive management of diabetes to reduce diabetes-related morbidity and mortality.
Purpose
Cotinine has optimal characteristics as a hapten for pre-targeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT). This study was performed to evaluate the applicability of cotinine/anti-cotinine antibody to PRIT.
...Methods
We developed and prepared a tandem, single-chain, variable fragment Fc fusion protein tandem single-chain variable fragment (scFv) Fc fusion protein that is reactive to both human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) and cotinine. Its simultaneous reactivity to Her2 and cotinine was tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and two radioimmunoassays (RIA) employing Her2-coated RIA tubes and a Her2-overexpressing cell line. For in vivo imaging, mice bearing Her2-positive tumors were injected with a mixture of tandem scFv Fc fusion and
125
I-cotinine-conjugated histidine dipeptide (
125
I-cotinine peptide). After a delay,
125
I-cotinine peptide was injected again.
Results
ELISA and RIA results showed that tandem scFv Fc fusion protein successfully bound to both Her2 and cotinine. In single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), the complex of tandem scFv Fc fusion protein and
125
I-cotinine peptide was localized to Her2-positive tumor xenografts in mice 4 h after the first injection. Enhanced radioactivity at the site of the Her2-positive tumor lesion was monitored 1 h after the second injection.
Conclusions
With these findings, we conclude that the tandem scFv Fc fusion protein and cotinine hapten system have the potential to be applied in PRIT.
Angiogenesis has an essential role in many pathophysiologies. Here, we show that phospholipase C-β3 (PLC-β3) isoform regulates endothelial cell function and retinal angiogenesis. Silencing of PLC-β3 ...in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) significantly delayed proliferation, migration and capillary-like tube formation. In addition, mice lacking PLC-β3 showed impaired retinal angiogenesis with delayed endothelial proliferation, reduced endothelial cell activation, abnormal vessel formation and hemorrhage. Finally, tumor formation was significantly reduced in mice lacking PLC-β3 and showed irregular size and shape of blood vessels. These results suggest that regulation of endothelial function by PLC-β3 may contribute to angiogenesis.
The present study was aimed to identify whether endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in preservation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation in rat pial artery during the acute ...stage after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). During the acute stage after SAH, the lower limit of CBF autoregulation significantly shifted to the higher arterial blood pressure in association with suppressed vasodilatation in response to acute hypotension, which was accompanied by significantly increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA and increased production of superoxide anion in cerebral vessels. SAH‐induced increase in superoxide production was further enhanced under pretreatment with N‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester in the cerebral vessels. Following additional administration of l‐arginine (100 mg/kg, i.p.), the haemodynamic alterations were significantly restored in association with significantly reduced superoxide level in the cerebral vessels. In line with these findings, rats that received polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase and catalase or Mn(III) tetrakis (4‐benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride showed recovery of impaired autoregulatory vasodilation in response to acute hypotension. Thus, it is suggested that NO endogenously produced is importantly implicated in the preservation of CBF autoregulation during the acute stage after SAH via its capability to scavenge superoxide anion.
Background: Korean Red Ginseng extracts (RGE) have been suggested as effective immune modulators, and we reported that ginsenosides possess anti-inflammasome properties. However, the properties of ...nonsaponin components of RGE have not been well studied. Methods: To assess the roles of nonsaponin fractions (NS) in NLRP3 inflammasome activation, we treated murine macrophages with or without first or second inflammasome activation signals with RGE, NS, or saponin fractions (SF). The first signal was nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-${\kappa}B$)-mediated transcription of pro-interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and NLRP3 while the second signal triggered assembly of inflammasome components, leading to IL-$1{\beta}$ maturation. In addition, we examined the role of NS in IL-6 production and IL-$1{\beta}$ maturation in mice. Results: NS induced IL-$1{\beta}$ and NLRP3 transcription via toll-like receptor 4 signaling, whereas SF blocked expression. During the second signal, SF attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation while NS did not. Further, NS-injected mice presented increased IL-$1{\beta}$ maturation and IL-6 production. Conclusion: SF and NS of RGE play differential roles in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Hence, RGE can be suggested as an NLRP3 inflammasome modulator.
Smectite can serve as a drug delivery system and gentamicin-intercalated smectite hybrids are expected to supersede the standard therapy for
eradication. The aim of this study was to confirm whether ...the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of aminoglycosides applied as smectite hybrids remained low against recently isolated
strains.
A total of 140 strains were collected for a minimum period of 3 years. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed, and the MICs of eight antibiotics (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, levofloxacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, and tobramycin) were determined by using the Epsilometer test and following the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing recommendations.
The resistance rate of clarithromycin was high, up to 30.7%, although it is a major antimicrobial agent used in standard therapy. The MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ of gentamicin (0.25 mg/L and 0.75 mg/L) and netilmicin (0.19 mg/L and 0.75 mg/L) were lower than other alternative therapies for
eradication. In clarithromycin-resistant strains, the MIC₅₀ was 0.25 mg/L and the MIC₉₀ was 1 mg/L for gentamicin; for netilmicin, the values were 0.25 mg/L and 0.75 mg/L, respectively.
Through the use of gentamicin and netilmicin, which have low MICs for
, aminoglycoside-intercalated smectite hybrids are expected to emerge as a new standard therapy for
eradication.
중도 치주염에 이환된 치아의 보존을 위한 의도적 재식술을 통한 치료: 증례보고 최윤경(Youn-Kyung Choi); 정경화(Kyoung-Hwa Jung); 이주연(Ju-Youn Lee) ...
Journal of dental rehabilitation and applied science,
2019, Letnik:
35, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Although intentional replantation is frequently used as a treatment modality for endodontic problems, severe periodontal involvement has usually been regarded as a contraindication. However, there ...are some studies suggesting that intentional replantation could be a successful treatment alternative for periodontally involved teeth. This paper reports the treatment of a tooth with severe periodontal involvement using intentional replantation. The tooth, which had had root canal therapy due to endodontic-periodontal combined lesion but showed extensive bone loss, was gently extracted and replanted after thorough debridement of the root surface. By intentional replantation, a tooth with severe periodontal involvement in this case could be preserved, without extraction, over the course of a 3-year follow-up period. 의도적 재식술은 흔히 근관 치료가 실패한 경우 사용되는 치료법이나, 중도의 치주 질환에 이환된 치아에서는 대개 추천되지 않는다. 그러나, 일부 연구들은 의도적 재식술을 이용하여 치주 질환에 이환된 치아를 성공적으로 치료한 것을 보고한 바가 있다. 본 연구에서는 중도 치주염에 이환된 치아를 의도적 재식술을 이용하여 치료한 증례를 보고하고자 한다. 해당 치아는 근관-치주 복합 병소로 진단 후 근관치료를 선행하였으나 광범위한 골소실을 나타냈으며, 이에 의도적으로 발치 후 치근 표면의 국소 인자를 완전히 제거한 후 재식하였다. 의도적 재식술을 이용하여 본 증례에서 중도 치주염에 이환된 치아를 발치하지 않고 3년간의 경과 관찰 기간 동안 보존할 수 있었다.
Polygonum multiflorum is a traditional Korean medicine that has been utilized widely in East Asian countries as a longevity agent. Clinical studies have demonstrated that Polygonum multiflorum ...improves hypercholesterolemia, coronary heart disease, neurosis and other diseases commonly associated with aging. However, scientific evidence defining the protective effects and mechanisms of Polygonum multiflorum against ischemic stroke is incomplete. In the present study, we investigated the cerebrovascular protective effects of Polygonum multiflorum against ischemic brain injury using an in vivo photothrombotic mouse model. To examine the underlying mechanism of action, we utilized an in vitro human brain microvascular endothelial cell (HBMEC) culture system. Hexane extracts (HEPM), ethyl acetate extracts (EAEPM) and methanol extracts (MEPM) of Polygonum multiflorum (100 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to ischemic insult. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in C57BL/6J mice and endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS KO) mice by photothrombotic cortical occlusion. We evaluated the infarct volume, as well as neurological and motor function, 24 h after ischemic brain injury. Following ischemic insult, HEPM induced a significant reduction in infarct volume and subsequent neurological deficits, compared with EAEPM and MEPM. HEPM significantly decreased infarct size and improved neurological and motor function, which was not observed in eNOS KO mice, suggesting that this cerebroprotective effect is primarily an eNOS-dependent mechanism. In vitro, HEPM effectively promoted NO production, however these effects were inhibited by the NOS inhibitor, L-NAME and the PI3K/Akt inhibitor, LY-294002. Furthermore, HEPM treatment resulted in increased phosphorylation-dependent activation of Akt and eNOS in HBMEC, suggesting that HEPM increased NO production via phosphorylation-dependent activation of Akt and eNOS. In conclusion, HEPM prevents cerebral ischemic damage through an eNOS-dependent mechanism, and thus may have clinical applications as a protective agent against neurological injury in stroke.
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