We present experimental and numerical study of temporal characteristics of injection-locked polarization switching of a conventional-type 1.55-μm wavelength single-mode vertical cavity ...surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). Delayed recovery response of the main-mode of the VCSEL was observed when short and strong optical injection pulses of an orthogonal polarization to the VCSEL's main polarization-mode were applied. Numerical analysis based on a spin-flip model describes that the relatively long upper level lifetimes compared to a short injection-pulse width and long cavity photon lifetimes cause delayed recovery response of the main-mode of the VCSEL. An optimum bias current of the VCSEL was also observed for the shortest recovery time of its free-running polarization mode after the orthogonal polarization beam pulse injection.
Enhanced four-wave-mixing (FWM) effects have been observed with the help of large group-indices near the band edges in one-dimensional (1-D) silicon photonic crystal waveguides (Si PhCWs). A ...significant increase of the FWM conversion efficiency of about 17 dB was measured near the transmission band edge of the 1-D PhCW through an approximate 3.2 times increase of the group index from 8 to 24 with respect to the central transmission band region despite a large group-velocity dispersion. Numerical analyses based on the coupled-mode equations for the degenerated FWM process describe the experimentally measured results well. Our results indicate that the 1-D PhCWs are good candidates for large group-index enhanced nonlinearity devices even without having any special dispersion engineering.
Single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) operation characteristics of an erbium-doped fiber (EDF) ring laser with an EDF saturable absorber have been measured and compared under two different-wavelength ...control-pump cases. The main EDF ring cavity was pumped with a conventional 977-nm-wavelength gain-pump laser diode, the EDF saturable absorber section attached to the main cavity via an optical circulator was pumped with a control-pump-laser beam of either 980-nm or 1531.9-nm wavelength to deliver the ring-laser output of 1541.4-nm wavelength. Our experimental results indicate that the control-pump-laser beam in the 1530-nm-wavelength region provides higher output power and wider wavelength range of the SLM operation of the ring laser than that in the 980-nm-wavelength region does.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the metabolic alterations associated with acute alcohol treatment in zebrafish by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS). The brain metabolism ...of zebrafish was investigated after acute alcohol treatment (one-hour long exposure of adult fish to 0.00%, 0.25%, 0.50%, or 1.00% ethyl alcohol) with whole brain extraction. The results of this study showed that glutamate (Glu) was significantly decreased, scyllo-inositol (sIns) showed a small apparent increase only in the highest acute treatment dose group, and myoinositol (mIns) showed a significant decrease. Glu/tCr and mIns/tCr levels were significantly reduced regardless of the alcohol dose, and sIns/tCr was increased in the highest alcohol treatment dose group. The present NMR study revealed that specific metabolites, such as Glu and mIns, were substantially decreased in case of acute alcohol exposed zebrafish brain.
In megavoltage X-ray imaging (MVI), computed radiography (CR) has required a very simple and general quality assurance (QA) method based on a radiotherapy imaging technique. The purpose of this study ...was to develop a general QA method for evaluating the modulation transfer function (MTF), the noise power spectrum (NPS) and the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) for MVI. Thus, a simple and compact edge block made of tungsten, with dimensions of 19 × 10 × 1 cm
3
, was efficiently designed and developed. The pre-sampling MTF was evaluated with the following settings: a 6 megavoltage (MV) energy, four different types of detectors, CR-IP (image plate: photo-stimulable phosphor screen), CR-IP-Lead (image plate + lead screen), CR-IP-Regular (fast front screen + image plate + fast front screen) and CR-IP-Fast (fast back screen + image plate + fast front screen). The MTF values at 1 mm
−1
for CR-IP-Regular showed the highest resolution of 0.18. The best noise distribution was observed in the measurement of the NPS with CR-IP-Regular. With increasing spatial frequency, our results showed that value of the DQE for the four types of detectors was approximately 1.0 mm
−1
, which is comparable to the values reported in the literature. In this report, measurements for megavoltage imaging based on line-pair modulations by using an edge block are presented. When the wide side of the tungsten block was reduced, the accuracy of the edge measurement was improved to match those offered by edge techniques. The present study demonstrates that the QA method with our home-made edge block can be used to evaluate the MTF, NPS and DQE for MVI.
► In the current study, we discovered the novel hsa-miR-5787. ► It was up-regulated in senescent fibroblasts. ► We selected the eIF5 as target gene according to the target prediction algorithm. ► ...Finally, we showed that the hsa-miR-5787 inhibited the cellular growth by targeting eIF5.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate diverse biological processes. We cloned novel small RNA from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and termed microRNA-5787 (hsa-miR-5787) that met the criteria for a miRNA. The level of miR-5787 was elevated in senescent fibroblasts. Based on the target prediction algorithm and results that were obtained, we find that eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5 (eIF5) is a target of miR-5787. Similar to the over-expression of miR-5787, we showed that repression of eIF5 in fibroblasts negatively affected cell growth. Therefore, we propose that the miR-5787 represses cell growth, in part, by targeting eIF5.
국제전기기술위원회의 문서 IEC 60601-1의 3판 규격과 IEC 60601-2-45의 개별 규격에서는 진단용 X선 장치에서 X선 피폭 선량 정보를 표시하고 그 정확성을 명시할 것을 권고하고 있다. 하지만 임상에서 사용 하는 부착형 공기커마 면적선량계는 교정에 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 임상에 적용 가능한 RQR 표준 선질을 이용하여 공기커마 ...면적선량계의 에너지 의존성과 정확도를 평가하였고 임상에서 간접 교정을 시행할 수 있도록 방법론을 마련하고자 하였다. RQR5의 표준 선질에서 시행한 시험에서 부착형 공기커마 면적선량계는 –7.5%의 오차를 나타냈고, RQR8의 표준 선질에서는 –10.3%의 오차를 나타냈으며 시험한 모든 RQR 선질에 대해 평균 절대오차는 8.30%±2.85%를 나타내 IEC 60580과 AAPM TG 190의 조건을 만족하였다. 본 연구에서 도출한 공기커마 면적선량계의 교정 방법은 임상에서 사용하는 공기커마 면적 선량계의 간접 교정법으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
According IEC 60601-1 ed3.1 and IEC 60601-2-45 regulation, diagnostic X-ray equipment should be display to measured and calculated air kerma area product. On the clinical X ray equipment, air kerma area product dosimeter would like to have an evidence for dosimeter accuracy and energy dependency. This study was performed to indirect calibration and energy dependency test for attached type air kerma area product (KAP) dosimeter by RQR standards beam quality. On the RQR5 beam quality, attached KAP dosimeter error showed -7.5%, respectably. On the RQR9 beam quality, attached KAP dosimeter error showed -10.4%, respectably. All RQR beam quality, average absolute error was 8.30%±2.85%, respectably. On this study, attached KAP dosimeter was satisfied to IEC 60580 and AAPM TG 190. This calibration method of KAP dosimeter will help to performance maintain for clinical KAP dosimeter.
We introduce a new measurement method of the nonlinear coefficient (NC) of a highly nonlinear fiber based on a four-wave mixing (FWM) technique. The NC along with the fiber's zero-dispersion ...wavelength (ZDW) was determined from the precise measurement of the pump power dependent optimum pump frequency for peak FWM signal generation conditions. The measurement errors of the NC and ZDW values determined with this method were less than 4.6% and 0.051
nm, respectively.
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