A serial electrochemical process consist of copper via filling, electropolishing, electroless copper plating and electroless tin plating is presented for the TSV 3D SiP application. Defect-free ...copper via filling was achieved by controlling current modes and additives. After via filling, electropolishing was performed to planarize over-plated copper. Electropolishing within the potential of mass-transfer region and with the assistance of additives, fine polished surface without thickness disparity was achieved. For bump formation process, electroless copper and tin plating which is a self-aligned process was applied. Consequently, Cu/Sn bump on via patterned wafer was obtain without using the conventional CMP and lithographic processes.
The Database Industry Promotion Act was proposed at the National Assembly plenary session on July 26, 2012 and since then it has been in the process of enactment in consultation with all the ...governmental departments concerned. The recent trend of economic globalization and smart device innovation suggests a new opportunity and challenges for all industries. The database industry is also facing a new phase in an era of smart innovation. Korea is in a moment of opportunity to take an innovative approach to promoting the database industry. Korea should set up a national policy to promote the database industry for citizens, government, and research institutions, as well as enterprises. Above all, the Database Industry Promotion Act could play a great role in promoting the social infrastructure to enhance the capacity of small and medium-sized enterprises. This article discusses the background of the development of the Database Industry Promotion Act and its legislative processes in order to clarify its legal characteristics, including the meaning of the act. In addition, this article explains individual items related to the overall structure of the Database Industry Promotion Act. Finally, this article reviews the economic effects of the database industry for now and the future.
This study was investigated quantitative ultrasound (QUS) usage in Korea for the QUS quality control guidelines. A total of 344 questionnaires collected from July 24th to August 25th 2017 were ...analyzed. Questionnaires were created through user interviews, expert group advice, literature review and field observation. As a result of the general characteristics of quantitative ultrasound holding amounted to 81.98% of clinic and 6.69% of hospitals. The main user was radio-logical technologists as 31.39%. The contact methods of the gel pad (balloon) were the most used at 56.68% and the scan region was 91.9% of calcaneus. The quantitative ultrasound quality control cycle was 67.37% when the abnormality was found in the equipment, and 63.66% when the accuracy control was implemented according to the manual. The phantoms of QUS were 34.30% of the manufacturer's own phantoms. User of QUS had never received education for quality control of quantitative ultrasound as 62.20%. This study was expected to be useful when creating detailed quality control guidelines in the future, as well as guidelines for the quality control of Korea's standard quantitative ultrasound.
Four-wave-mixing (FWM) efficiency of a silicon-based one-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide was measured along with its spectral profile of the group index. High FWM efficiencies were observed ...near the band edge compared to those at the middle sections of its transmission band despite its high dispersion effect.
We report experimental results on timing-jitter suppressed optical short pulse generation from a gain-switched single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) at 1.55 μm wavelength with an ...external laser beam injection. The low timing-jittered optical short pulses are very useful for high-speed optical time-division-multiplexed (TDM) communications and signal processing. The obtained timing jitter and pulse duration from the VCSEL were less than 1 ps and 65 ps, respectively, at a pulse repetition rate of 1.6 GHz.
The purpose of the study was to present basic data of curriculum of PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) and to propose improved directions. To research clinical PACS education needs, ...radiological technologist who related on PACS was surveyed in 12 (55%) of capital area, 6 (27%) of middle area and 4 (18%) of southern area of Korea and for the medical institutes, 8 (36%) of over 1000 beds, 10 (45%) of 500 to 1000 beds and 4 (19%) of less 500 beds. And, to research the status of university education the survey was conducted in 6 of capital area, 6 of middle area and 6 of southern area. As a result, 95.5% of respondents in radiological technologist group thought that giving precede education for PACS and enlarging state-exam would be necessary. In university group, 78% of respondents answered that PACS was equipped and, 82% of them answered that it is very important to study PACS as major. Many universities, however, did not standardize major title and contents so a study about them needs to be followed up. 본 연구에서는 의료영상저장전송시스템 (Picture Archiving and Communication System ; PACS)에 대한 임상 현장의 교육 요구도와 대학의 교육과정 및 실습현황을 파악하여 PACS 교육의 기초자료제시와 개선방향을 모색하고자 하였다. 임상에서 PACS 교육 필요성에 대한 요구도를 알아보기 위해 PACS와 관련 있는 방사선사들을 대상으로 수도권 12곳(55%), 중부권 6곳 (27%), 남부권 4곳 (18%)을 규모별 1000병상 이상의 의료기관은 8곳 (36%), 500~1000병상은 10곳 (45%), 500병상 이하는 4곳 (19%)에서 설문조사하였다. 그리고 대학교육과정의 현황을 알아보기 위해 수도권 6곳 (33.3%), 중부권 6곳 (33.3%), 남부권 6곳 (33.3%)에서 설문조사하였다. 그 결과 임상의 방사선사 95.5%의 응답자들이 PACS에 대한 선행교육이 필요하다고 응답하였으며 국가고시의 비중확대의 필요성을 제기하였다. 대학에서는 PACS가 78% 설치가 되어 있었고 실습 활용도 및 만족도가 높았으며 전공과목으로 82%가 매우 중요하다고 응답하였다. 그러나 교과목 명칭이나 교육 내용은 아직 표준화가 되어 있지 않아 향후 이에 대한 연구가 필요한 것으로 사료되어진다.
The purpose of this study was to develop the indirect dosimetry by calculation (IDC) method for diagnostic X-ray equipment. The experiments were performed with inverter type X-ray tubes: Toshiba ...(E7252X, Japan) and Varian (RAD-14, USA). For the development method, we first applied the standard quality of X-ray beam shown in the TRS457 document, and second, to produce the constants of trendline for the IDC, the total filtration on X-ray beam was subdivided. Third, in order to increase the precision, the energy region was divided into the high energy region and the low energy region and developed by the IDC. In order to verify the IDC, mean dose (mR) values were measured for three Toshiba X-ray tubes and three Varian X-ray tubes at clinical medical institutions and then compared with the IDC on the 2013. As a result, compared with the previous study, the accuracy of the IDC of this study were improved by 2.71% and 9.91% in Toshiba and Varian X-ray tubes, respectively.
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