The necessity for new sources for greener and cleaner energy production to replace the existing ones has been increasingly growing in recent years. Of those new sources, the hydrogen evolution ...reaction has a large potential. In this work, for the first time, MoSe2/Mo core–shell 3D‐hierarchical nanostructures are created, which are derived from the Mo 3D‐hierarchical nanostructures through a low‐temperature plasma‐assisted selenization process with controlled shapes grown by a glancing angle deposition system.
The formation of PtSe2‐layered films is reported in a large area by the direct plasma‐assisted selenization of Pt films at a low temperature, where temperatures, as low as 100 °C at the applied ...plasma power of 400 W can be achieved. As the thickness of the Pt film exceeds 5 nm, the PtSe2‐layered film (five monolayers) exhibits a metallic behavior. A clear p‐type semiconducting behavior of the PtSe2‐layered film (≈trilayers) is observed with the average field effective mobility of 0.7 cm2 V−1 s−1 from back‐gated transistor measurements as the thickness of the Pt film reaches below 2.5 nm. A full PtSe2 field effect transistor is demonstrated where the thinner PtSe2, exhibiting a semiconducting behavior, is used as the channel material, and the thicker PtSe2, exhibiting a metallic behavior, is used as an electrode, yielding an ohmic contact. Furthermore, photodetectors using a few PtSe2‐layered films as an adsorption layer synthesized at the low temperature on a flexible substrate exhibit a wide range of absorption and photoresponse with the highest photocurrent of 9 µA under the laser wavelength of 408 nm. In addition, the device can maintain a high photoresponse under a large bending stress and 1000 bending cycles.
Phase‐engineered PtSe2‐layered films by a plasma‐assisted selenization process to highly sensitive, flexible, and wide‐spectrum photoresponse photodetectors are demonstrated. A full PtSe2 field effect transistor is also demonstrated where the thinner PtSe2, exhibiting a semiconducting behavior, is used as the channel material, and the thicker PtSe2, exhibiting a metallic behavior, is used as an electrode.
Aim
This cross‐sectional correlation study aimed to explore the associations among patient safety culture, organisational support, second victim‐related distress, absenteeism and turnover intentions ...in the registered nurses (RNs) by using structural equation modelling.
Background
Medical errors could cause RNs’ second victim‐related distress, which may either positively or negatively impact patient safety culture.
Method
The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) and Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST) were used to investigate 267 RNs who were involved in direct patient care and medical errors within the previous year in China.
Results
About half (45.3%) of nurses experienced psychological distress, and 26.6% of the nurses intended to leave. The model showed that 6 dimensions of patient safety culture have contributed to decreasing absenteeism and turnover intention via increased organisational supports and decreased second victim‐related distress.
Conclusion
The second victim‐related distress may be relieved, and organisational support may be enhanced through improvements in patient safety culture.
Implications for nursing management
Strategies are needed to establish an environment where cooperation/cooperative relationships between the supervisor and the staff nurse can be ensured.
To meet the demands of a 24/7 society, shift work is necessary. Shift work is outside the traditional regular 9-to-5 work schedule, is characterized by irregular working hours, and exists in various ...industries. However, this abnormal working time can disrupt the natural day and night rhythm, and if poorly adjusted, it can lead to shift work sleep disorder (SWSD). SWSD is associated with multiple health risks, including impaired cognitive function, increased risk of accidents, and various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The frontline nurses typically work shifts to provide comprehensive patient care. This article aims to discuss sleep physiology, apply existing literature to discuss the impact on nurses resulting from shift work, and further offer strategies to regulate sleep to promote physical and mental health. These strategies range from organizational interventions (e.g., optimizing shift schedules) to individual interventions (e.g., lifestyle changes) and the use of chronobiological techniques (e.
The multidifferentiation ability of mesenchymal stem cells holds great promise for cell therapy. Numerous studies have focused on the establishment of differentiation protocols, whereas little ...attention has been paid to the metabolic changes during the differentiation process. Mitochondria, the powerhouse of mammalian cells, vary in their number and function in different cell types with different energy demands, but how these variations are associated with cell differentiation remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the changes of mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetic function using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) because of their well-defined differentiation potentials. Upon osteogenic induction, the copy number of mitochondrial DNA, protein subunits of the respiratory enzymes, oxygen consumption rate, and intracellular ATP content were increased, indicating the upregulation of aerobic mitochondrial metabolism. On the other hand, undifferentiated hMSCs showed higher levels of glycolytic enzymes and lactate production rate, suggesting that hMSCs rely more on glycolysis for energy supply in comparison with hMSC-differentiated osteoblasts. In addition, we observed a dramatic decrease of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a consequence of upregulation of two antioxidant enzymes, manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase and catalase. Finally, we found that exogenous H(2)O(2) and mitochondrial inhibitors could retard the osteogenic differentiation. These findings suggested an energy production transition from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in hMSCs upon osteogenic induction. Meanwhile, antioxidant enzymes were concurrently upregulated to prevent the accumulation of intracellular ROS. Together, our findings suggest that coordinated regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant enzymes occurs synergistically during osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have become a powerful tool for human disease modeling and therapeutic testing. However, their use remains limited by their ...immaturity and heterogeneity. To characterize the source of this heterogeneity, we applied complementary single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq technologies over time during hiPSC cardiac differentiation and in the adult heart. Using integrated transcriptomic and splicing analysis, more than half a dozen distinct single-cell populations were observed, several of which were coincident at a single time-point, day 30 of differentiation. To dissect the role of distinct cardiac transcriptional regulators associated with each cell population, we systematically tested the effect of a gain or loss of three transcription factors (NR2F2, TBX5, and HEY2), using CRISPR genome editing and ChIP-seq, in conjunction with patch clamp, calcium imaging, and CyTOF analysis. These targets, data, and integrative genomics analysis methods provide a powerful platform for understanding in vitro cellular heterogeneity.
The transcription factor JUN is highly expressed in pulmonary fibrosis. Its induction in mice drives lung fibrosis, which is abrogated by administration of anti-CD47. Here, we use high-dimensional ...mass cytometry to profile protein expression and secretome of cells from patients with pulmonary fibrosis. We show that JUN is activated in fibrotic fibroblasts that expressed increased CD47 and PD-L1. Using ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq, we found that activation of JUN rendered promoters and enhancers of CD47 and PD-L1 accessible. We further detect increased IL-6 that amplified JUN-mediated CD47 enhancer activity and protein expression. Using an in vivo mouse model of fibrosis, we found two distinct mechanisms by which blocking IL-6, CD47 and PD-L1 reversed fibrosis, by increasing phagocytosis of profibrotic fibroblasts and by eliminating suppressive effects on adaptive immunity. Our results identify specific immune mechanisms that promote fibrosis and suggest a therapeutic approach that could be used alongside conventional anti-fibrotics for pulmonary fibrosis.
In this work, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) as a superior mediate for the pressure welding of silver nanowires (Ag NWs) networks as transparent electrodes without any thermal treatment is ...demonstrated. After a pressing of 200 kg cm−2, not only the sheet resistance but also the surface roughness of the PMMA‐mediated Ag NWs networks decreases from 2.6 kΩ sq−1 to 34.3 Ω sq−1 and from 76.1 to 12.6 nm, respectively. On the other hand, high transparency of an average transmittance in the visible wavelengths of 93.5% together with a low haze value of 2.58% can be achieved. In terms of optoelectronic applications, the promising potential of the PMMA‐mediated pressure‐welded Ag NWs networks used as a transparent electrode in a green organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) device is also demonstrated. In comparison with the OLED based on commercial tin‐doped indium oxide electrode, the increments of power efficiency and external quantum efficiency (EQE) from 80.1 to 85.9 lm w−1 and 19.2% to 19.9% are demonstrated. In addition, the PMMA‐mediated pressure welding succeeds in transferring Ag NWs networks to flexible polyethylene naphthalate and polyimide substrates with the sheet resistance of 42 and 91 Ω sq−1 after 10 000 times of bending, respectively.
An efficient room‐temperature pressure welding technique to fabricate the silver nanowires networks/polymethylmethacrylate composite transparent electrode is reported and demonstrated. In comparison with the organic light‐emitting diode based on commercial tin‐doped indium oxide electrode, the increments of power efficiency and external quantum efficiency from 80.1 to 85.9 lm w−1 and 19.2% to 19.9% are demonstrated.
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