Planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated by intramolecular exchange with PbI2(DMSO) and PbI2(NMP) complexes and the high performance of these cells are described. Their films are easily ...deposited with a one‐step spray‐coating and were effectively converted into high‐quality FAPbI3‐based perovskite layers. PbI2(NMP)‐derived PSCs yielded a power conversion efficiency as high as 19.5%, higher than that of PbI2(DMSO)‐derived PSCs.
Accurate symptom perception is a fundamentally essential component of self-care for patients with heart failure (HF) so they can make appropriate decisions about their symptoms.
The purpose of this ...integrative review was to describe the pathways of the symptom perception process and its contributing factors in patients with HF.
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases to identify studies describing the symptom perception process (symptom detection, comprehension, and response) in adult patients with HF.
Two pathways of the symptom perception process were identified from 42 articles: ideal and undesirable pathways. Patients in the ideal symptom perception pathway had a comprehensive understanding of HF and a firm belief in the importance of self-care, were vigilant, and possessed good decision-making skills. They also were able to successfully use their experiences for future care. However, patients in the undesirable symptom perception pathway had a limited understanding of HF with poor symptom monitoring skills and inaccurate judgments about symptoms. Diverse factors contributing to the symptom perception process were identified (eg, levels of understandings of HF and social support).
Our review indicated that symptom perception was likely to diversify the pathway of HF management. A variety of contributing factors to the symptom perception process were found to be intertwined. The findings of our review can inform the development of best patient education practice, although further research needs to be conducted to understand why and how patients can follow the most appropriate path from their past experiences.
Organic–inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attracting tremendous research interest due to their high solar-to-electric power conversion efficiency with a high possibility ...of cost-effective fabrication and certified power conversion efficiency now exceeding 22%. Although many effective methods for their application have been developed over the past decade, their practical transition to large-size devices has been restricted by difficulties in achieving high performance. Here we report on the development of a simple and cost-effective production method with high-temperature and short-time annealing processing to obtain uniform, smooth, and large-size grain domains of perovskite films over large areas. With high-temperature short-time annealing at 400 °C for 4 s, the perovskite film with an average domain size of 1 μm was obtained, which resulted in fast solvent evaporation. Solar cells fabricated using this processing technique had a maximum power conversion efficiency exceeding 20% over a 0.1 cm2 active area and 18% over a 1 cm2 active area. We believe our approach will enable the realization of highly efficient large-area PCSs for practical development with a very simple and short-time procedure. This simple method should lead the field toward the fabrication of uniform large-scale perovskite films, which are necessary for the production of high-efficiency solar cells that may also be applicable to several other material systems for more widespread practical deployment.
Recently, the appeal of 2D black phosphorus (BP) has been rising due to its unique optical and electronic properties with a tunable band gap (≈0.3–1.5 eV). While numerous research efforts have ...recently been devoted to nano‐ and optoelectronic applications of BP, no attention has been paid to promising medical applications. In this article, the preparation of BP‐nanodots of a few nm to <20 nm with an average diameter of ≈10 nm and height of ≈8.7 nm is reported by a modified ultrasonication‐assisted solution method. Stable formation of nontoxic phosphates and phosphonates from BP crystals with exposure in water or air is observed. As for the BP‐nanodot crystals’ stability (ionization and persistence of fluorescent intensity) in aqueous solution, after 10 d, ≈80% at 1.5 mg mL−1 are degraded (i.e., ionized) in phosphate buffered saline. They showed no or little cytotoxic cell‐viability effects in vitro involving blue‐ and green‐fluorescence cell imaging. Thus, BP‐nanodots can be considered a promising agent for drug delivery or cellular tracking systems.
Black phosphorus (BP)‐nanodots are prepared using a simple ultrasonication‐assisted solution method. Compared to conventional semiconductor quantum dots, BP‐nanodots present little in vitro cytotoxicity and further blue‐ and green‐fluorescent bioimaging roles under excitations of UV and visible light, showing potential as novel drug delivery carriers in biomedical applications.
We report the first experimental observation of the dependence of strong-field ionization rate on the sign of the magnetic quantum number. We measure the strong-field sequential double ionization ...yield of argon by two time-delayed near-circularly polarized laser pulses. It is found that double-ionization yield is enhanced more than 3 times if two lasers have the opposite helicities. Analysis shows that the single ionization of both the neutral and ion prefer the same sign of the magnetic quantum number. A qualitative and intuitive model is proposed to help understand this phenomenon.
The 'Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road' (collectively known as Belt and Road, B&R) has been initiated by the Chinese government in 2013. The B&R is increasingly becoming ...a focal point for socio-economic-political interests because of its likely impact on land and sea transport and maritime logistics. The aims of this study were threefold: first, to provide an overview on the B&R, focusing on its key structural elements, such as transport corridors, city clusters, dry ports, infrastructure, zoning, and area development; second, to identify the expected impacts of the B&R on trade and implications on structural changes in transportation systems, port networks, and international logistics. Finally, to discuss major research trends and setting up of research agenda which will contribute to enriching the existing literature and shaping the global trade operations and drive economic growth in the context of the B&R.
IntroductionCancer, a life-threatening chronic disease, is the leading cause of death in Korea, accounting for 27% of all deaths in 2020. Due to advancements in medical technology and early detection ...of cancer in Korea, the 5-year relative survival rate reached 70.7% (2015–2019), highlighting remarkable progress over the past decades. Although cancer has been seen as a traumatic event, cancer survivors also go through a subjective process of self-maturation, which is called post-traumatic growth (PTG). Because research on PTG among Korean cancer survivors has not been systematically synthesised, a scoping review on this topic will provide a better understanding of the positive psychological changes that occur as a patient moves through the illness trajectory of cancer from a Korean cultural perspective. The purpose of this study was to describe the protocol of a scoping review regarding PTG in Korean cancer survivors.Methods and analysisThe scoping review framework suggested by Arksey and O’Malley and the manual refined by the Joanna Briggs Institute for scoping reviews will be used with the six framework guidelines developed by Levac et al. Searched databases will include Ovid-MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and PsycInfo, as well as Korean databases, examining all articles published between 2012 and 2023 in Korean or English on PTG in Korean cancer survivors. Extracted data will be collated, charted and summarised.Ethics and disseminationBecause the scoping review methodology undertakes a secondary analysis of collected data from previous research studies, this study does not require ethical approval. The results of this scoping review will be disseminated through presentations at conferences and publication in a scientific journal.
Port efficiency and international trade in China Chang, Young-Tae; Jo, Ahhyun; Choi, Kyoung-Suk ...
Transportmetrica (Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK),
12/2021, Letnik:
17, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The relationship between port infrastructure and international trade is linked inextricably since ports remain the main gateway for international trade. All international ports thus have as their ...goal the effective and efficient management of ever-increasing cargo. And yet, previous research on the impact of the port efficiency on international trade remain subject to some biases in their measurement model. In order to correct them, this study developed a new port efficiency measurement model using the bootstrapping slacks-based-measurements data envelopment analysis. The study then built the linkage model with international trade by applying the gravity model using Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood and multilateral resistance term. Based on data from 2002 to 2012 on 23 major container ports in China, our result shows a more significant and positive impact of port efficiency on international trade than in other models.
Low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma has emerged as a very powerful technology to improve agricultural and food industries. Recently, various types of atmospheric pressure plasmas have applied ...to seed germination and plant growth. In this study, the barley (Hordeum vulgare) seeds have treated using a surface dielectric barrier discharge to investigate the biological effects on the seed germination, plant growth and functional metabolites. It was observed that the seed surface was cracked and eroded after plasma treatment, while the surface of non‐treated seed was intact. The growth of plasma treated barley was increased by at the lowest 15% and at the highest 110% depending on plasma treatment duration, respectively. GABA content of plasma treated Saechal barley was slightly increased under no germination process, while DPPH activity was decreased at the same condition. Plasma may affect the biological effects on seed germination, plant growth, and changing of secondary metabolites through physical and chemical interactions, but it needs further experimental investigations and verified data to clarify their mechanisms.
Low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma has emerged as a very powerful technology to improve agricultural and food industries. In this study, barley (Hordeum vulgare) seeds were treated using a surface dielectric barrier discharge to investigate the biological effects on the seed germination, plant growth, and functional metabolites. After plasma treatment, the seed surface was cracked and eroded and the growth of barley was increased depending on plasma treatment duration.
Heart failure (HF) is a chronic heart condition that requires patients to adapt to the disease and maintain a high degree of self-management. Patients with HF commonly feel loss of control, which has ...a negative effect on their compliance to self-care, health-related quality of life, and health outcomes. To promote self-care behavior and to develop healthy coping mechanisms, it is important to understand individual HF patients' perceived control, a self-generated belief that one has the ability to bring forth desired outcomes. Currently, there is no valid and reliable Korean instrument available in measuring perceived control among patients with HF.
The objective of this study was to cross-culturally translate, adapt, and evaluate psychometric properties of the Korean version of Control Attitudes Scale-Revised (KCAS-R) in Korean patients with HF.
The KCAS-R was developed using a translation/back-translation process and an examination of semantic and conceptual equivalence. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach α to determine internal consistency, and item-total and interitem correlations were assessed to test item homogeneity. The construct validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and testing hypotheses for known associations with self-efficacy, self-care confidence, and self-care.
A convenience sample of 138 patients with HF were included for the psychometric testing of an 8-item KCAS-R. The Cronbach α for internal consistency was 0.835, and the item-total correlation was acceptable. The construct validity revealed a 2-factor structure accounting for 63.23% of the total variance. The KCAS-R was associated with higher levels of self-efficacy, self-care confidence, and self-care. In addition, patients with higher perceived control had less depression and anxiety compared with those with lower levels of perceived control.
This study provided support for the satisfactory reliability and validity of the 8-item KCAS-R in measuring perceived control in Korean patients with HF.
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