The viscosity of 30%CaO-30%SiO2-15%Al2O3-5%MgO-10%Na2O-10%CaF2-xCe2O3 (mass%, x = 0, 5, 10, 15) were measured by the rotating column method, and then the viscosity and the Tbr (break temperature) of ...the mold flux were analyzed based on the results. Meanwhile, the structural characteristics of the mold flux were investigated using Raman spectroscopy and XRD (X-ray diffraction). The results show that Ce2O3 predominantly destroys the silicate network structure at high temperature, reduces the polymerization degree of the mold flux, simplifies the high-temperature structure of the mold flux, and reduces the friction resistance of viscous flow. From the apparent phenomenon, the viscosity of the mold flux decreases at high temperature. In addition, with the increase of Ce2O3 content in the mold flux, Ca4Si2O2F changes to Ce9.33(SiO4)6O2, which enhances the crystallization ability of the mold flux and increases the Tbr of the mold flux.
Despite the success of large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) on complex traits, our understanding of their genetic architecture is far from complete. Jointly modeling multiple traits’ ...genetic profiles has provided insights into the shared genetic basis of many complex traits. However, large-scale inference sets a high bar for both statistical power and biological interpretability. Here we introduce a principled framework to estimate annotation-stratified genetic covariance between traits using GWAS summary statistics. Through theoretical and numerical analyses, we demonstrate that our method provides accurate covariance estimates, thereby enabling researchers to dissect both the shared and distinct genetic architecture across traits to better understand their etiologies. Among 50 complex traits with publicly accessible GWAS summary statistics (Ntotal≈ 4.5 million), we identified more than 170 pairs with statistically significant genetic covariance. In particular, we found strong genetic covariance between late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), two major neurodegenerative diseases, in single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with high minor allele frequencies and in SNPs located in the predicted functional genome. Joint analysis of LOAD, ALS, and other traits highlights LOAD’s correlation with cognitive traits and hints at an autoimmune component for ALS.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a major problem among military veterans and civilians alike, yet its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. We performed a genome-wide association study ...and bioinformatic analyses, which included 146,660 European Americans and 19,983 African Americans in the US Million Veteran Program, to identify genetic risk factors relevant to intrusive reexperiencing of trauma, which is the most characteristic symptom cluster of PTSD. In European Americans, eight distinct significant regions were identified. Three regions had values of P < 5 × 10
: CAMKV; chromosome 17 closest to KANSL1, but within a large high linkage disequilibrium region that also includes CRHR1; and TCF4. Associations were enriched with respect to the transcriptomic profiles of striatal medium spiny neurons. No significant associations were observed in the African American cohort of the sample. Results in European Americans were replicated in the UK Biobank data. These results provide new insights into the biology of PTSD in a well-powered genome-wide association study.
Inflammation and immune processes underlie pulmonary hypertension progression. Two main different activated phenotypes of macrophages, classically activated M1 macrophages and alternatively activated ...M2 macrophages, are both involved in inflammatory processes related to pulmonary hypertension. Recent advances suggest that macrophages coordinate interactions among different proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators, and other cellular components such as smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, including the origin of pulmonary macrophages and their response to triggers of pulmonary hypertension. We then discuss the interactions among macrophages, cytokines, and vascular adventitial fibroblasts in pulmonary hypertension, as well as the potential therapeutic benefits of macrophages in this disease. Identifying the critical role of macrophages in pulmonary hypertension will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of this pathophysiological abnormality, and may provide new perspectives for pulmonary hypertension management.
Transition Optimization for a VTOL Tail-Sitter UAV Li, Boyang; Sun, Jingxuan; Zhou, Weifeng ...
IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics,
2020-Oct., 2020-10-00, 20201001, Letnik:
25, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This article focuses on the transition process optimization for a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) tail-sitter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). For VTOL UAVs that can fly with either hover or cruise ...mode, transition refers to the intermediate phases between these two modes. This work develops a transition strategy with the trajectory optimization method. The strategy is a reference maneuver enabling the vehicle to perform transition efficiently by minimizing the cost of energy and maintaining a small change of altitude. The simplified three-degree-of-freedom longitudinal aerodynamic model is used as a dynamic constraint. The transition optimization problem is then modeled by nonlinear programming and solved by the collocation method to obtain the reference trajectory of the pitch angle and throttle offline. Simulations with the Gazebo simulator and outdoor flight experiments are carried out with the optimized forward (hover cruise) and backward (cruise hover) transition solutions. The simulation and experimental results show that the optimized transition strategy enables the vehicle to finish transition with less time and change of altitude compared with that by using traditional linear transition methods.
Acute lung injury (ALI), caused by intrapulmonary or extrapulmonary factors such as pneumonia, shock, and sepsis, eventually disrupts the alveolar-capillary barrier, resulting in diffuse pulmonary ...oedema and microatasis, manifested by refractory hypoxemia, and respiratory distress. Not only is ALI highly lethal, but even if a patient survives, there are also multiple sequelae. Currently, there is no better treatment than supportive care, and we urgently need to find new targets to improve ALI. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetically important enzymes that, together with histone acetylases (HATs), regulate the acetylation levels of histones and non-histones. While HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) play a therapeutic role in cancer, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases, there is also a large body of evidence suggesting the potential of HDACs as therapeutic targets in ALI. This review explores the unique mechanisms of HDACs in different cell types of ALI, including macrophages, pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (VECs), alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), and neutrophils.
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a common pathogen that causes severe disease and huge economic losses in the salmonid aquaculture industry. Herein, a series of arctigenin ...derivatives are synthesized to evaluate their antiviral activity against IHNV. The results indicate that the length of linker and imidazole substituent groups play an important role in decreasing IHNV replication. In this study, the arctigenin–imidazole hybrid derivative 15 with an eight carbon atoms length of the linker reduces IHNV replication with an IC50 value of 1.3 μM. In addition, derivative 15 significantly inhibits apoptosis and cellular morphological damage induced by IHNV. Mechanistically, derivative 15 can not damage the viral particle directly. While time-of-addition and viral binding assays reveal that derivative 15 mainly affect the early replication of IHNV but do not interfere with IHNV adsorption. Overall, derivative 15 could be considered to develop as a promising agent to treat IHNV infection.
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•Arctigenin-imidazoles with anti-IHNV properties were synthesized.•Eight carbon atoms length of the linker (R1 substituted position) and imidazole (R2 substituted position) could significantly increase the anti-IHNV activity of arctigenin derivatives.•Derivative 15 might inhibit the early events of IHNV replication.
In order to investigate the vibration characteristics and propagation mechanism of ground vibrations induced by high-speed train passing through the viaduct, a field experiment is carried out, and ...the measured data is deeply analyzed. Besides the independent time domain and frequency domain analysis, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is performed on the vibration signal to analyze the energy distribution characteristics of ground vibrations from the view of time-frequency synchronous analysis. The experimental results show that the ground vibrations have obvious nonstationary characteristics; the first dominant frequency of ground vibration is concentrated between 40–55 Hz, which is affected by the excitation frequency of the train wheel axle and the peak frequency of wheel-rail interaction force. The ground vibrations attenuate gradually as the distance from the railway track increases, in which the high-frequency components above 50 Hz attenuate faster, low-frequency components below 8 Hz continuously decay in the near field, and medium-frequency components within 8−50 Hz decay slower with a longer transmission distance. Compared with traditional methods, time-frequency synchronous analysis of ground vibration signals is more accurate and intuitive, and the CWT can be used as a promising method in the analysis of ground-borne vibration from high-speed railway.
Anion‐coordination‐driven assembly (ACDA) is showing increasing power in the construction of anionic supramolecular architectures. Herein, by expanding the anion centers from oxoanion (phosphate or ...sulfate) to organic tris‐carboxylates, an Archimedean solid (truncated tetrahedron) and a highly entangled, double‐walled tetrahedron featuring a ravel topology have been assembled with tris‐bis(urea) ligands. The results demonstrate the promising ability of tris‐carboxylates as new anion coordination centers in constructing novel topologies with increasing complexity and diversity compared to phosphate or sulfate ions on account of the modifiable size and easy functionalization character of these organic anions.
Anion‐coordination‐driven assembly (ACDA) between organic tris‐carboxylates and tris‐bis(urea) ligands afforded an Archimedean solid (truncated tetrahedron) and a double‐walled tetrahedron featuring a ravel topology. The results demonstrate the promising ability of tris‐carboxylates as new anion coordination centers in constructing novel topologies on account of the modifiable size and function of these organic anions.
Here we report a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) for longitudinal smoking phenotypes in 286,118 individuals from the Million Veteran Program (MVP) where we identified 18 loci for smoking ...trajectory of current versus never in European Americans, one locus in African Americans, and one in Hispanic Americans. Functional annotations prioritized several dozen genes where significant loci co-localized with either expression quantitative trait loci or chromatin interactions. The smoking trajectories were genetically correlated with 209 complex traits, for 33 of which smoking was either a causal or a consequential factor. We also performed European-ancestry meta-analyses for smoking status in the MVP and GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (GSCAN) (N
= 842,717) and identified 99 loci for smoking initiation and 13 loci for smoking cessation. Overall, this large GWAS of longitudinal smoking phenotype in multiple populations, combined with a meta-GWAS for smoking status, adds new insights into the genetic vulnerability for smoking behavior.
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