Novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of cancers are needed to improve precision medicine. Circular RNAs act as important regulators in cancers at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional ...levels. The circular RNA circMAN1A2 is highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma according to our previous RNA sequencing data; however, the expression and functions of circMAN1A2 in cancers are still obscure. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the expression of circMAN1A2 in the sera of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other malignant tumors and analyzed its correlations with clinical features and diagnostic values. The expression levels of circMAN1A2 were detected by quantitative real‐time PCR, and the correlations of clinical features with circMAN1A2 expression were analyzed by χ2 tests. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the clinical applications of circMAN1A2. The results showed that circMAN1A2 was upregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, oral cancer, thyroid cancer, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer, with areas under the curves of 0.911, 0.779, 0.734, 0.694, and 0.645, respectively, indicating the good diagnostic value of circMAN1A2. Overall, our findings suggested that circMAN1A2 could be a serum biomarker for malignant tumors, providing important insights into diagnostic approaches for malignant tumors. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of circMAN1A2 in the pathogenesis of cancer.
We verified that circMAN1A2 was significantly upregulated in the sera of patients with NPC, oral cancer, thyroid cancer, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer and had good clinical diagnostic value. We speculate that circMAN1A2 could be a serum biomarker for malignant cancers and provide effective clues for the early diagnosis of malignant cancers.
Recent studies have shown that on one hand, tumors need to obtain a sufficient energy supply, and on the other hand they must evade the body's immune surveillance. Because of their metabolic ...reprogramming characteristics, tumors can modify the physicochemical properties of the microenvironment, which in turn affects the biological characteristics of the cells infiltrating them. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of T cells that regulate immune responses in the body. They exist in large quantities in the tumor microenvironment and exert immunosuppressive effects. The main effect of tumor microenvironment on Tregs is to promote their differentiation, proliferation, secretion of immunosuppressive factors, and chemotactic recruitment to play a role in immunosuppression in tumor tissues. This review focuses on cell metabolism reprogramming and the most significant features of the tumor microenvironment relative to the functional effects on Tregs, highlighting our understanding of the mechanisms of tumor immune evasion and providing new directions for tumor immunotherapy.
Reported herein is a novel visible‐light photoredox system with Pd(PPh3)4 as the sole catalyst for the realization of the first direct cross‐coupling of C(sp3)−H bonds in N‐aryl ...tetrahydroisoquinolines with unactivated alkyl bromides. Moreover, intra‐ and intermolecular alkylations of heteroarenes were also developed under mild reaction conditions. A variety of tertiary, secondary, and primary alkyl bromides undergo reaction to generate C(sp3)−C(sp3) and C(sp2)−C(sp3) bonds in moderate to excellent yields. These redox‐neutral reactions feature broad substrate scope (>60 examples), good functional‐group tolerance, and facile generation of quaternary centers. Mechanistic studies indicate that the simple palladium complex acts as the visible‐light photocatalyst and radicals are involved in the process.
Pd, just do it! A novel visible‐light photoredox system with Pd(PPh3)4 as the sole catalyst leads to the direct alkylation of C−H bonds with unactivated alkyl bromides under mild reaction conditions. These redox‐neutral reactions feature high yields, broad substrate scope (>60 examples), facile generation of quaternary centers, and good functional‐group tolerance.
Dysbiosis, departure of the gut microbiome from a healthy state, has been suggested to be a powerful biomarker of disease incidence and progression
. Diagnostic applications have been proposed for ...inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis and prognosis
, colorectal cancer prescreening
and therapeutic choices in melanoma
. Noninvasive sampling could facilitate large-scale public health applications, including early diagnosis and risk assessment in metabolic
and cardiovascular diseases
. To understand the generalizability of microbiota-based diagnostic models of metabolic disease, we characterized the gut microbiota of 7,009 individuals from 14 districts within 1 province in China. Among phenotypes, host location showed the strongest associations with microbiota variations. Microbiota-based metabolic disease models developed in one location failed when used elsewhere, suggesting that such models cannot be extrapolated. Interpolated models performed much better, especially in diseases with obvious microbiota-related characteristics. Interpolation efficiency decreased as geographic scale increased, indicating a need to build localized baseline and disease models to predict metabolic risks.
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•The synthetic strategies of supramolecular hexagonal metallacycles are reviewed.•Supramolecular hexagonal metallacycles in equilibrium and transformation are ...discussed.•Functionalized supramolecular hexagonal metallacycles are summarized.•Application of supramolecular hexagonal metallacycles are presented.
The formation and growth of natural objects are affected by the available space and materials. A regular hexagon is one of three regular polygons that can overlap without a plane. Among these three regular polygons (equilateral triangle, regular quadrilateral, and regular hexagon), the regular hexagon occupies the largest area with the smallest amount of material. The construction of supramolecular hexagonal architectures has been of great interest within supramolecular chemistry and materials science. Since supramolecular self-assembly enables the preparation of highly complex supramolecular systems from relatively simple building blocks, various metallosupramolecular hexagonal architectures have been successfully constructed under mild conditions by employing facile coordination-driven self-assembly strategy, and some of the architectures have exhibited wide ranges of applications in the fields of catalysis, electrochemistry, photochemistry, molecular sensing, etc. This review summarizes recent advances in the field of supramolecular hexagonal metallacycles. The design, self-assembly, and applications of various supramolecular hexagonal metallacycles, especially those incorporating functional moieties, will be discussed.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) metastasis. Here, we found that lncRNA chromatin-associated RNA 10 (CAR10) was upregulated in the tumor tissue of ...patients with LUAD and enhanced tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, CAR10 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by directly binding with miR-30 and miR-203 and then regulating the expression of SNAI1 and SNAI2. CAR10 overexpression was positively correlated with a poor prognosis in LUAD patients, whereas overexpression of both CAR10 and SNAI was correlated with even worse clinical outcomes. In conclusion, the CAR10/miR-30/203/SNAI axis is a novel and potential therapeutic target for LUAD.
A
bstract
In this article, we study in detail the double-
J/ψ
yield through
Z
decay at the next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD accuracy within the nonrelativistic QCD factorization. At the tree level, ...the pure QCD diagrams predict a branching ratio of
B
Z
→
J
/
ψ
+
J
/
ψ
~ 10
−
12
; however, the inclusion of the QED diagrams would augment this prediction by approximately 2–3 orders of magnitude. After incorporating the QCD corrections, the QCD results exhibit a considerable increase, whereas the QED results undergo a substantial reduction. Combining the QCD and QED contributions at NLO in
α
s
, it is observed that the prediction of
B
Z
→
J
/
ψ
+
J
/
ψ
= (
1.110
−
0.241
−
0.001
+
0.334
+
0.054
) × 10
−
10
, which displays a fairly steady dependence on the renormalization scale, is significantly lower than the upper limits released by CMS.
Sophisticated mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) with interesting structures, properties and applications have attracted great interest in the field of supramolecular chemistry. We herein ...report a highly efficient self-assembly of heterometallic triangular necklace 1 containing Cu and Pt metals with strong antibacterial activity. Single-crystal X-ray analysis shows that the finely arranged triangular necklace 1 has two racemic enantiomers in its solid state with intriguing packing motif. The superior antibacterial activity of necklace 1 against both standard and clinically drug-resistant pathogens implies that the presence of Cu(I) center and platinum(II) significantly enhance the bacterium-binding/damaging activity, which is mainly attributed to the highly positively charged nature, the possible synergistic effect of heterometals in the necklace, and the improved stability in culture media. This work clearly discloses the structure-property relationships that the existence of two different metal centers not only facilitates successful construction of heterometallic triangular necklace but also endows it with superior nuclease properties and antibacterial activities.
Cross-electrophile couplings between two electrophiles are powerful and economic methods to generate C–C bonds in the presence of stoichiometric external reductants. Herein, we report a novel ...strategy to realize the first external-reductant-free cross-electrophile coupling via visible-light photoredox catalysis. A variety of tetraalkyl ammonium salts, bearing primary, secondary, and tertiary C–N bonds, undergo selective couplings with aldehydes/ketone and CO2. Notably, the in situ generated byproduct, trimethylamine, is efficiently utilized as the electron donor. Moreover, this protocol exhibits mild reaction conditions, low catalyst loading, broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and facile scalability. Mechanistic studies indicate that benzyl radicals and anions might be generated as the key intermediates via photocatalysis, providing a new direction for cross-electrophile couplings.
Soil aggregate stability, an important index of the physical characteristics of a soil, can provide a good indication of a soil＇s erodibility, and deserves special consideration in regions with cold ...climate. The objective of this study was to study the effect of freeze-thaw on soil water-stable aggregates in the black soil region of Northeast China. Samples of a typical black soil in the region were collected to measure water-stable aggregates after freeze-thaw under different conditions （i.e., initial moisture contents, freeze- thaw cycles and freezing temperatures） by wet-sieving into eight particle size groups （〉 10, 10 6, 6-5, 5-3, 3 2, 2-1, 1-0.5, and 0.5-0.25 mm）. Freeze-thaw had the most effect on aggregate stability when the samples had an initial moisture content of 400 g kg-1. The water-stable aggregates of the four larger particle size groups （〉 5, 5 3, 3 2, and 2-1 mm） reached a peak stability value, but those of the two smaller particle size groups （1 0.5 and 0.5-0.25 mm） reached a minimum value when the soil moisture content was 400 g kg-1. Water-stable aggregates of the four larger particle size groups decreased while those of the two smaller particle size groups increased with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. As temperatures fell, the water-stable aggregates of the four larger particle size groups decreased while those of the two smaller particle size groups increased.
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