Self-healing coatings inspired by biological systems possess the ability to repair physical damage or recover functional performance with minimal or no intervention. This article provides a ...comprehensive and updated review on the advantages and limitations associated with common autonomous and non-autonomous self-healing mechanisms in protective organic coatings used for anti-corrosion purposes. The autonomous healing mechanisms are often enabled by embedding polymerizable healing agents or corrosion inhibitors in the coating matrices. For non-autonomous mechanisms, the healing effects are induced by external heat or light stimuli, which trigger the chemical reactions or physical transitions necessary for bond formation or molecular chain movement.
Crowdsourced Data Management: A Survey Guoliang Li; Jiannan Wang; Yudian Zheng ...
IEEE transactions on knowledge and data engineering,
2016-Sept.-1, 2016-9-1, 20160901, Letnik:
28, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Any important data management and analytics tasks cannot be completely addressed by automated processes. These tasks, such as entity resolution, sentiment analysis, and image recognition can be ...enhanced through the use of human cognitive ability. Crowdsouring platforms are an effective way to harness the capabilities of people (i.e., the crowd) to apply human computation for such tasks. Thus, crowdsourced data management has become an area of increasing interest in research and industry. We identify three important problems in crowdsourced data management. (1) Quality Control: Workers may return noisy or incorrect results so effective techniques are required to achieve high quality; (2) Cost Control: The crowd is not free, and cost control aims to reduce the monetary cost; (3) Latency Control: The human workers can be slow, particularly compared to automated computing time scales, so latency-control techniques are required. There has been significant work addressing these three factors for designing crowdsourced tasks, developing crowdsourced data manipulation operators, and optimizing plans consisting of multiple operators. In this paper, we survey and synthesize a wide spectrum of existing studies on crowdsourced data management. Based on this analysis we then outline key factors that need to be considered to improve crowdsourced data management.
We present a computing microsystem that uniquely leverages the bandwidth, density, and latency advantages of silicon photonic interconnect to enable highly compact supercomputer-scale systems. We ...describe and justify single-node and multinode systems interconnected with wavelength-routed optical links, quantify their benefits vis-a-vis electrically connected systems, analyze the constituent optical component and system requirements, and provide an overview of the critical technologies needed to fulfill this system vision. This vision calls for more than a hundredfold reduction in energy to communicate an optical bit of information. We explore the power dissipation of a photonic link, suggest a roadmap to lower the energy-per-bit of silicon photonic interconnects, and identify the challenges that will be faced by device and circuit designers towards this goal.
Adsorption isotherms and mechanism of phosphate by Fe–Cu binary oxide, which demonstrate high phosphate adsorption capacity and the possible adsorption process. Display omitted .
•The Fe–Cu binary ...oxide was effective for phosphate removal from water.•Phosphate was removed via replacing the surface sulfate and hydroxyl groups.•It could be effectively regenerated with dilute NaOH solution.
Phosphate is one of the main elements causing eutrophication and hence the development of high-efficiency and low-cost technologies for phosphate removal from water is of vital importance to alleviate the situation. In this study, nanostructured Fe–Cu binary oxides were synthesized via a facile coprecipitation process and its performance on phosphate removal was systematically evaluated. The as-prepared adsorbent with a Cu/Fe molar ratio of 1:2 was proved to possess the highest phosphate adsorption capacity. The adsorption isotherm data gave better fit to the Langmuir model, with a maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of 35.2mgg−1 at pH 7.0±0.1. Kinetic data correlated well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption process might be chemical sorption. Thermodynamic data validated that the phosphate adsorption was an endothermic process. The solution pH has a big impact on the phosphate adsorption on the sorbent and acidic condition was favorable for the adsorption. The coexisting Cl−, SO42- and HCO3- anions had no significant influence on phosphate adsorption, while the present F− and SiO32- could suppress its adsorption, especially at high concentration level. The phosphate adsorption might be mainly achieved by the replacement of surface sulfate and hydroxyl groups by the phosphate species and formation of inner-sphere surface complexes at the water/oxide interface. Moreover, the spent Fe–Cu binary oxide could be effectively regenerated by NaOH solution for reuse. The high phosphate uptake capability and good reusability of the Fe–Cu binary oxide make it a potentially attractive adsorbent for the removal of phosphate from water.
Mycotoxins exposure from foodstuffs can trigger serious health hazards (e.g. cancers, deformity and mutation), which has been a global public health concern.
In recent years, large-scale poisoning ...incidents and international trade disputes caused by fungal contamination are extremely common. Unremitting efforts have been devoted to the investigations on classification, toxicity and occurrence of mycotoxins. Monitoring mycotoxins is highly important to ensure human health. Pretreatment technologies offer a pre-analytical separation process for reducing the instruments contamination, signal interference and matrix effects of complex foodstuffs.
In this review, the classification, toxicity and occurrence of mycotoxins were concisely summarized. We then concentrated our attentions on the methods of extraction, clean-up, separation and determination of mycotoxins. Especially, the rapid development of nanotechnology has brought many opportunities for sample pretreatment. We have also summarized the available and advanced adsorbents based on the emerging nanomaterials for pretreatment of mycotoxins in foodstuffs. At the end of the article, future opportunities and challenges in the field of mycotoxins research are tentatively proposed.
Key Findings and Conclusions: This review comprehensively summarized the latest achievements and improvements in the classification, toxicity, occurrence and detection approaches of mycotoxins. Impressively, the sample pretreatment and detection methods applied for mycotoxins determination in foodstuffs have been summarized, regarding the novel nanomaterial-based pretreatment technologies as well as the development of chromatographic and sensing technologies in the last six years. Furthermore, the current trends and the future perspectives in the toxicity and detection method of mycotoxins are tentatively proposed.
•Classification, toxicity and occurrence of mycotoxins were concisely summarized.•New methods of extraction, separation and determination of mycotoxins were reviewed.•Future opportunities and challenges of mycotoxins research are tentatively proposed.
As the Minamata Convention on Mercury comes into effect, controlling atmospheric mercury (Hg) emissions has become a compulsory goal. This study determined the mitigation options for the five ...Convention specified sources by considering their reduction potential of Hg emissions and the impact of future technology changes on emitted Hg forms and cross-media releases. Hg emissions will be reduced from 371 t in 2015 to 242 t in 2020 mainly by applying multipollutant control measures. Hg emissions will be reduced to 71 t in 2030 mainly with alternative measures and specific Hg removal measures (SMR). Alternative measures are effective for the studied sources except waste incineration (WI). SMR is preferentially recommended in cement clinker production due to the benefit of sectoral emissions and local deposition. Stringent requirements of Hg emission control will promote the use of SMR in WI. In case of nonferrous metal smelting (NFMS), only 8.7 t of Hg emissions will be reduced by SMR. However, the cobenefit of Hg reduction in sulfuric acid and local deposition will increase the relevance. On the contrary, applying SMR in coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) and coal-fired industrial boilers (CFIBs) requires comprehensive evaluation in terms of cost benefit and cross-media effect.
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•A general ion-inducing method was developed to obtain the unique electrocatalyst.•The doped C and the secondary metal help to modulate the electronic structure.•The hollow structure ...and 2D nanosheets collaborate to optimize the mass activity.•Extrinsic morphology and intrinsic electronic modulation synergistically boost OER.
Metal phosphide materials with unique nanostructures are of great interest for electrocatalysis. Herein, an ion-induction strategy is developed to synthesize a family of carbon incorporated homobimetallic (CoNi/C, CoCu/C, CoMn/C) phosphide electrocatalyst of hierarchical hollow polyhedral nanocages (HHPNCs) composed of ultrathin 2D subunits. The unique morphological structure effectively optimize the surface active sites, accelerate the charge transfer, and thus boost their superior catalytic activity. Density functional theory calculations reveal that not only the homogenously doped secondary metals but also the incorporated carbon effectively regulates the electronic structure and as a result collaboratively lower the kinetic energy barrier for the OER. Electrochemical measurements show high OER efficiency (η@10 mA cm−2 = 267, 262, and 283 mV for samples of CoNi/C-, CoMn/C-, and CoCu/C-HHPNC, respectively) and durability in alkaline electrolytes. Especially, the prepared carbon incorporated homobimetallic HHPNCs show very much higher (almost 9 times) mass activity than the particle counterpart.
Privacy leakage is a serious issue in spatial crowdsourcing in various scenarios. In this paper, we study privacy protection in spatial crowdsourcing. The main challenge is to efficiently assign ...tasks to nearby workers without needing to know the exact locations of tasks and workers. To address this problem, we propose a privacy-preserving framework without online trusted third parties. We devise a grid-based location protection method, which can protect the locations of workers and tasks while keeping the distance-aware information on the protected locations such that we can quantify the distance between tasks and workers. We propose an efficient task assignment algorithm, which can instantly assign tasks to nearby workers on encrypted data. To protect the task content, we leverage both attribute-based encryption and symmetric-key encryption to establish secure channels through servers, which ensures that the task is delivered securely and accurately by any untrusted server. Moreover, we analyze the security properties of our method. We have conducted real experiments on real-world datasets. Experimental results show that our method outperforms existing approaches.
•Cancer risks for three age groups were evaluated based on Monte Carlo simulation.•Sensitivity analysis was conducted to find the influential factors.•Cancer risks for three age groups were at ...acceptable range.•BaP contribute most to the total cancer risk.•Food ingestion was the major exposure pathway for carcinogenic risks.
To estimate the cancer risk exposed to the PAHs in Jiaozhou Bay wetland soils, a probabilistic health risk assessment was conducted based on Monte Carlo simulations. A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the input variables that contribute most to the cancer risk assessment. Three age groups were selected to estimate the cancer risk via four exposure pathways (soil ingestion, food ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation). The results revealed that the 95th percentiles cancer risks for children, teens and adults were 9.11×10−6, 1.04×10−5 and 7.08×10−5, respectively. The cancer risks for three age groups were at acceptable range (10−6–10−4), indicating no potential cancer risk. For different exposure pathways, food ingestion was the major exposure pathway. For 7 carcinogenic PAHs, the cancer risk caused by BaP was the highest. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the parameters of exposure duration (ED) and sum of converted 7 carcinogenic PAHs concentrations in soil based on BaPeq (CSsoil) contribute most to the total uncertainty. This study provides a comprehensive risk assessment on carcinogenic PAHs in Jiaozhou Bay wetland soils, and might be useful in providing potential strategies of cancer risk prevention and controlling.
Enhancement of crop productivity under various abiotic stresses is a major objective of agronomic research. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as one of the world's staple crops is highly sensitive to heat ...stress, which can adversely affect both yield and quality. Plant heat shock factors (Hsfs) play a crucial role in abiotic and biotic stress response and conferring stress tolerance. Thus, multifunctional Hsfs may be potentially targets in generating novel strains that have the ability to survive environments that feature a combination of stresses.
In this study, using the released genome sequence of wheat and the novel Hsf protein HMM (Hidden Markov Model) model constructed with the Hsf protein sequence of model monocot (Oryza sativa) and dicot (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants, genome-wide TaHsfs identification was performed. Eighty-two non-redundant and full-length TaHsfs were randomly located on 21 chromosomes. The structural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis with Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and Zea mays were used to classify these genes into three major classes and further into 13 subclasses. A novel subclass, TaHsfC3 was found which had not been documented in wheat or other plants, and did not show any orthologous genes in A. thaliana, O. sativa, or Z. mays Hsf families. The observation of a high proportion of homeologous TaHsf gene groups suggests that the allopolyploid process, which occurred after the fusion of genomes, contributed to the expansion of the TaHsf family. Furthermore, TaHsfs expression profiling by RNA-seq revealed that the TaHsfs could be responsive not only to abiotic stresses but also to phytohormones. Additionally, the TaHsf family genes exhibited class-, subclass- and organ-specific expression patterns in response to various treatments.
A comprehensive analysis of Hsf genes was performed in wheat, which is useful for better understanding one of the most complex Hsf gene families. Variations in the expression patterns under different abiotic stress and phytohormone treatments provide clues for further analysis of the TaHsfs functions and corresponding signal transduction pathways in wheat.
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