Field‐effect transistors with ionic‐liquid gating (ILG) have been widely employed and have led to numerous intriguing phenomena in the last decade, due to the associated excellent carrier‐density ...tunability. However, the role of the electrochemical effect during ILG has become a heavily debated topic recently. Herein, using ILG, a field‐induced insulator‐to‐metal transition is achieved in WO3 thin films with the emergence of structural transformations of the whole films. The subsequent secondary‐ion mass spectrometry study provides solid evidence that electrochemically driven hydrogen evolution dominates the discovered electrical and structural transformation through surface absorption and bulk intercalation.
Using ionic‐liquid gating, a field‐induced insulator‐to‐metal transition is achieved in WO3 thin films with the emergence of structural transformations of the whole films. Subsequent secondary‐ion mass spectrometry provides solid evidence that electrochemically driven hydrogen evolution dominates the discovered electrical and structural transformation through surface absorption and bulk intercalation.
Electric-field-driven oxygen ion evolution in the metal/oxide heterostructures emerges as an effective approach to achieve the electric-field control of ferromagnetism. However, the involved redox ...reaction of the metal layer typically requires extended operation time and elevated temperature condition, which greatly hinders its practical applications. Here, we achieve reversible sub-millisecond and room-temperature electric-field control of ferromagnetism in the Co layer of a Co/SrCoO
system accompanied by bipolar resistance switching. In contrast to the previously reported redox reaction scenario, the oxygen ion evolution occurs only within the SrCoO
layer, which serves as an oxygen ion gating layer, leading to modulation of the interfacial oxygen stoichiometry and magnetic state. This work identifies a simple and effective pathway to realize the electric-field control of ferromagnetism at room temperature, and may lead to applications that take advantage of both the resistance switching and magnetoelectric coupling.
•The CuCo2S4 nanotube array on Ni foam was prepared by controlled the sulfurization time.•The crystallinity, morphology and electrochemical performance depend on the sulfurization time.•The optimal ...CuCo2S4/NF8 exhibited excellent electrochemical performances and good cycling stability.•The assembled CuCo2S4/NF8//AC device showed a high energy density 51.8 Wh kg1 at a 700 W kg1.
The CuCo2S4 sulfides were fabricated on Ni foam (NF) through a single-step hydrothermal deposition followed by sulfurization at different times. The results from various spectroscopic and microscopic analyses showed that the 3D hollow nanotube CuCo2S4 arrays were formed by the sulfurization, resulting in a larger contact area with the electrolyte and more active sites with high Faraday efficiency. Benefited from the unique nanotube arrays structure and high crystallinity, the optimized CuCo2S4/NF8 electrode material sulfurized for 8 h displayed superior electrochemical performances with the high specific charge of 458.8 C g − 1 at 1.0 A g − 1 as well as good cycling stability with 96.0% retention at 5.0 A g − 1 after 1 000 cycles. Furthermore, a hybrid supercapacitor device based on the CuCo2S4/NF8 as positive electrode and activated carbon as negative electrode was able to deliver an ultrahigh energy density 51.8 Wh kg−1 at a power density 700.0 W kg−1 with 80.0% capacitance retention at 5.0 A g − 1 after 10 000 cycles. This work provided new insights into the sulfurization process and an effective way to optimize the structure of the transition metal sulfides for supercapacitors.
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Ionic-liquid-gating- (ILG-) induced proton evolution has emerged as a novel strategy to realize electron doping and manipulate the electronic and magnetic ground states in complex oxides. While the ...study of a wide range of systems (e.g., SrCoO
, VO
, WO
, etc.) has demonstrated important opportunities to incorporate protons through ILG, protonation remains a big challenge for many others. Furthermore, the mechanism of proton intercalation from the ionic liquid/solid interface to whole film has not yet been revealed. Here, with a model system of inverse spinel NiCo
O
, an increase in system temperature during ILG forms a single but effective method to efficiently achieve protonation. Moreover, the ILG induces a novel phase transformation in NiCo
O
from ferrimagnetic metallic into antiferromagnetic insulating with protonation at elevated temperatures. This study shows that environmental temperature is an efficient tuning knob to manipulate ILG-induced ionic evolution.
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a catastrophic complication after total knee or hip arthroplasty. The diagnosis of PJI is very difficult, especially in the early postoperative period. The ...value of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is useful for diagnosing infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the NLR for the diagnosis of early PJI after total knee or hip arthroplasty.
We retrospectively evaluated consecutive primary total knee or hip arthroplasty and identified the patients who readmitted within the first 90 days postoperatively between January 2011 and October 2018.There were 20 cases diagnosed early PJI and 101 uninfected cases on the basis of the modified Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. The serum parameters including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood-cell (WBC) count, NLR and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to estimate the optimal cutoff values for each parameter. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for each parameter were calculated.
The CRP, ESR, WBC, NLR and IL-6 values were all significally higher in the infected group than the uninfected group. The median of CRP was 66.6 mg/l in the infected group and 8.6 mg/l in the uninfected group (p < 0.001). The median of ESR was 34.8 mm/hr. in the infected group and 17.4 mm/hr. in the uninfected group (p < 0.001). In the infected group and uninfected group, the median of WBC was 8.2X10
/L and 6.1 X10
/L (p = 0.002), respectively; while the median of NLR was 5.2 and 2.1 (p < 0.001). The median of IL-6 was 46 pg/ml and 6.4 pg/ml (p < 0.001),respectively. The best parameter for the diagnosis of early PJI was IL-6 (AUC = 0.814) followed by the NLR (AUC =0.802), CRP (AUC =0.793), ESR (AUC =0.744) and WBC (AUC = 0.632).
This study is the first to show that NLR values are more accurate than CRP and may be considered as useful parameters for the diagnosis of early PJI because it is a cheap and convenient parameter to be calculated in daily practice without extra costs.
Ionic‐liquid‐gating‐ (ILG‐) induced proton evolution has emerged as a novel strategy to realize electron doping and manipulate the electronic and magnetic ground states in complex oxides. While the ...study of a wide range of systems (e.g., SrCoO2.5, VO2, WO3, etc.) has demonstrated important opportunities to incorporate protons through ILG, protonation remains a big challenge for many others. Furthermore, the mechanism of proton intercalation from the ionic liquid/solid interface to whole film has not yet been revealed. Here, with a model system of inverse spinel NiCo2O4, an increase in system temperature during ILG forms a single but effective method to efficiently achieve protonation. Moreover, the ILG induces a novel phase transformation in NiCo2O4 from ferrimagnetic metallic into antiferromagnetic insulating with protonation at elevated temperatures. This study shows that environmental temperature is an efficient tuning knob to manipulate ILG‐induced ionic evolution.
Ionic‐liquid‐gating‐induced protonation is realized in the inverse spinel NiCo2O4 with an elevated environmental temperature, and has a major impact on the electronic and magnetic states. This study takes the understanding of the ionic‐liquid‐gating‐induced protonation process a step further and provides a generic strategy to boost this effect in extended material systems.
The prevalence and role of malnutrition in periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remain unclear. This study aimed to use measurable nutritional screening tools to assess the prevalence of malnutrition ...in PJI patients during two-stage exchange arthroplasty and to explore the association between malnutrition and treatment failure. Our study retrospectively included 183 PJI cases who underwent 1st stage exchange arthroplasty and had available nutritional parameters, of which 167 proceeded with 2nd stage reimplantation. The recently proposed Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) Outcome Reporting Tool was used to determine clinical outcomes. The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), and Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) were used to identify malnutrition at 1st and 2nd stage exchange, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between malnutrition and treatment failure. Restricted cubic spline models were further used to explore the dose−response association. Additionally, risk factors for moderate-to-severe malnutrition were evaluated. Malnourished patients identified by CONUT, NPS, and NRI accounted for 48.1% (88/183), 98.9% (181/183), and 55.7% (102/183) of patients at 1st stage, and 9.0% (15/167), 41.9% (70/167), and 43.1% (72/167) at 2nd stage, indicating a significant improvement in nutritional status. We found that poorer nutritional status was a predictor of treatment failure, with CONUT performing best as a predictive tool. Moderate-to-severe malnutrition at 1st stage identified by CONUT was significantly related to treatment failure directly caused by PJI (odds ratio OR = 5.86), while the OR was raised to 12.15 at 2nd stage (OR = 12.15). The linear dose−response associations between them were also confirmed (P for nonlinearity at both 1st and 2nd stage > 0.05). As for total treatment failure, moderate-to-severe malnutrition as determined by CONUT was associated with a 1.96-fold and 8.99-fold elevated risk at the 1st and 2nd stages, respectively. Age ≥ 68 years (OR = 5.35) and an increased number of previous surgeries (OR = 2.04) may be risk factors for moderate-to-severe malnutrition. Overall, the prevalence of malnutrition in PJI patients is very high. Given the strong association between moderate-to-severe malnutrition identified by CONUT and PJI treatment failure, COUNT could be a promising tool to evaluate the nutritional status of PJI patients to optimize treatment outcomes.
Spintronics has captured a lot of attention since it was proposed. It has been triggering numerous research groups to make their efforts on pursuing spin-related electronic devices. Recently, ...flexible and wearable devices are in a high demand due to their outstanding potential in practical applications. In order to introduce spintronics into the realm of flexible devices, we demonstrate that it is feasible to grow epitaxial Fe3O4 film, a promising candidate for realizing spintronic devices based on tunneling magnetoresistance, on flexible muscovite. In this study, the heteroepitaxy of Fe3O4/muscovite is characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The chemical composition and magnetic feature are investigated by a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The electrical and magnetic properties are examined to show the preservation of the primitive properties of Fe3O4. Furthermore, various bending tests are performed to show the tunability of functionalities and to confirm that the heterostructures retain the physical properties under repeated cycles. These results illustrate that the Fe3O4/muscovite heterostructure can be a potential candidate for the applications in flexible spintronics.
Abstract
Background
Periprosthetic joint infection is a serious complication after total joint arthroplasty and polymicrobial PJI which compose a subtype of PJI often indicate worse outcomes compared ...to monomicrobial periprosthetic joint infection. However, a literature review suggested that there were limited number studies evaluating the risk factors of polymicrobial PJI.
Materials and methods
Between 2015 January and 2019 December, a total of 64 polymicrobial PJI patients and 158 monomicrobial PJI patients in a tertiary center were included in this study and corresponding medical records were scrutinized. The diagnosis of PJI was based on 2014 MSIS criteria. Logistic regression was used to identify the association between various variables and polymicrobial PJI and ROC curve was used to identify their efficiency.
Results
The prevalence of polymicrobial PJI is 28.3% in our cohorts. After adjusting for the presence of sinus, previous and knee infection, isolation of enterococci (OR, 3.025; 95%CI (1.277,7.164)
p
= 0.012), infection with atypical organisms (OR, 5.032;95%CI: (1.470,17.229) p = 0.01), infection with gram-negative organisms (OR, 2.255; 95%CI (1.011,5.031)
p
= 0.047), isolation of streptococcus spp. (OR, 6; 95%CI (2.094,17.194)
p
= 0.001), and infection with CNS (OfR, 2.183;95%CI (1.148,4.152)
p
= 0.017) were risk factors of polymicrobial PJI compared to monomicrobial PJI. However, knee infection is related to a decreased risk of polymicrobial PJI with an adjusted OR = 0.479 (
p
= 0.023).
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that the prevalence of polymicrobial PJI is 28.3% in PJI patients. Moreover, the presence of sinus tract and previous joint revisions were risk factors for identifying different bacterial species in the intraoperative specimens. Therefore, in these PJI cases, it is necessary to examine multiple specimens of both intraoperative tissue and synovial fluid for increasing the detection rate and obtaining resistance information.
Although ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearings result in the lowest wear rate of any bearing combination, postoperative squeaking remains worrisome. However, data concerning squeaking in long-term ...follow-up studies are still lacking, especially for fourth-generation CoC THA.
(1) After keeping the prosthesis in place for 10 years, what percentage of patients treated with fourth-generation CoC THA implants report squeaking, and are there points in time when squeaking occurs more frequently? (2) What are the characteristics, association with hip function, and factors associated with squeaking? (3) Can we create a nomogram that characterizes a patient's odds of experiencing squeaking based on the factors associated with it?
Between January 2009 and December 2011, 1050 patients received primary THAs at our institution, 97% (1017) of whom received fourth-generation CoC THAs because this was the preferred bearing during this period. Of the 1017 eligible patients, 5% (54) underwent THAs performed by low-volume surgeons, 3% (30) were implanted with cemented prostheses, 2% (22) died, 1% (10) were immobile, 1% (six) underwent revision surgery, and 17% (169) were lost to follow-up before 10 years, leaving 726 patients for analysis here at a mean of 11 ± 1 years. In the study cohort, 64% (464) were male and 36% (262) were female, with a mean age of 44 ± 13 years at primary THA. We extracted data about articular noise from follow-up records in our institutional database and used a newly developed questionnaire to ascertain the percentage of patients who reported squeaking at the latest follow-up interval. Although not validated, the questionnaire was modeled on previous studies on this topic. The longitudinal pattern for squeaking was explored to find timepoints when squeaking occurs more frequently. Based on the questionnaire data, we calculated the percentages of frequent, reproducible, and avoidable squeaking. Hip function was evaluated with the Harris Hip Score and WOMAC score and compared between the squeaking and nonsqueaking groups. Factors associated with squeaking, which were examined in a multivariate analysis, were used to develop a nomogram.
At 10 years, 16% (116 of 726) of patients reported squeaking. Two squeaking peaks were determined, at 0 to 1 year and 8 to 10 years. Frequent, reproducible, and avoidable squeaking accounted for 42% (36 of 86), 20% (17 of 86), and 41% (35 of 86), respectively. The mean Harris Hip Score (93 ± 4 versus 94 ± 5; p = 0.81) and WOMAC score (16 ± 13 versus 15 ± 13; p = 0.23) did not differ between patients with squeaking and those without. After controlling for potential confounding variables such as etiology and head offset, we found that patients younger than 46 years (odds ratio 2.5 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 5.0; p < 0. 001), those who were male (OR 2.0 95% CI 1.1 to 3.5; p = 0.04), those having a total flexion and extension arc of less than 50° (OR 2.0 95% CI 1.2 to 3.3; p = 0.02), and those with the Corail hip implant (OR 4.1 95% CI 2.1 to 7.7; p < 0. 001) were more likely to report squeaking. We created a nomogram that can be used at the point of care that can help clinicians identify patients at a higher risk of experiencing squeaking; this nomogram had good performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 77%).
As a potential late complication, squeaking after fourth-generation CoC THA is of concern and may be related to increased stripe wear. We recommend that surgeons use this nomogram to assess the odds of squeaking before selecting a bearing, especially in patients at high risk, to facilitate shared decision-making and improve patient satisfaction. Future external validation of the model is still needed to enhance its applicability.Level of Evidence Level III, therapeutic study.
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