Whether anatomic resection (AR) achieves better outcomes than nonanatomic resection (NAR) in patients with primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is unclear. Data were retrieved for all ...consecutive patients who underwent liver resection for primary ICC from January 2007 to July 2017. The prognoses of the patients without direct invasion to contiguous organs or extrahepatic metastasis who underwent AR or NAR were compared. 85 patients underwent AR, and 65 patients underwent NAR. operation time were slightly decreased in the NAR group. The risk of Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC) IV in the AR group was significant higher than that in the NAR group. Cox regression analysis showed lymph node metastasis and adjuvant therapy were significant prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), respectively. After 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), 29 pairs of patients were compared. The survival curves showed the NAR group had slightly improved DFS and OS than the AR group before and after matching. Thus, we conclude NAR was not inferior to AR in improving the survival outcomes for patients with primary solitary ICC lesions without direct invasion to contiguous organs or extrahepatic metastasis. Furthermore, patients may benefit from NAR.
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is highly heterogeneous and the link of its subclasses to prognosis remains controversial. We aimed to rigorously examine the associations of HDL subclasses with ...prognosis in secondary prevention.
We collaboratively analysed data from two, complementary prospective cohorts: the TRIUMPH study of 2465 acute myocardial infarction patients, and the IHCS study of 2414 patients who underwent coronary angiography. All patients had baseline HDL subclassification by vertical-spin density gradient ultracentrifugation. Given non-linearity, we stratified by tertiles of HDL-C and its two major subclasses (HDL2-C, HDL3-C), then compared multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for mortality and mortality/myocardial infarction. Patients were middle-aged to elderly (TRIUMPH: 58.2 ± 12.2 years; IHCS: 62.6 ± 12.6 years), and the majority were men (TRIUMPH: 68.0%; IHCS: 65.5%). IHCS had lower mean HDL-C levels (34.6 ± 10.1 mg/dL) compared with TRIUMPH (40 ± 10.6 mg/dL). HDL3-C accounted for >3/4 of HDL-C (mean HDL3-C/HDL-C 0.78 ± 0.05 in both cohorts). During 2 years of follow-up in TRIUMPH, 226 (9.2%) deaths occurred, while death/myocardial infarction occurred in 401 (16.6%) IHCS patients over 5 years. No independent associations with outcomes were observed for HDL-C or HDL2-C. In contrast, the lowest tertile of HDL3-C was independently associated with >50% higher risk in each cohort (TRIUMPH: with middle tertile as reference, fully adjusted HR for mortality of HDL3-C, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.13-2.18; IHCS: fully adjusted HR for mortality/myocardial infarction, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.20-2.00).
In secondary prevention, increased risk for long-term hard clinical events is associated with low HDL3-C, but not HDL2-C or HDL-C, highlighting the potential value of subclassifying HDL-C.
New far-infrared and submillimeter photometry from the Herschel Space Observatory is presented for 61 nearby galaxies from the Key Insights on Nearby Galaxies: A Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel ...(KINGFISH) sample. The spatially integrated fluxes are largely consistent with expectations based on Spitzer far-infrared photometry and extrapolations to longer wavelengths using popular dust emission models. Dwarf irregular galaxies are notable exceptions, as already noted by other authors, as their 500 mu m emission shows evidence for a submillimeter excess. In addition, the fraction of dust heating attributed to intense radiation fields associated with photodissociation regions is found to be (21 + or - 4)% larger when Herschel data are included in the analysis. Dust masses obtained from the dust emission models of Draine & Li are found to be on average nearly a factor of two higher than those based on single-temperature modified blackbodies, as single blackbody curves do not capture the full range of dust temperatures inherent to any galaxy. The discrepancy is largest for galaxies exhibiting the coolest far-infrared colors.
We measure the clustering of DES year 1 galaxies that are intended to be combined with weak lensing samples in order to produce precise cosmological constraints from the joint analysis of large-scale ...structure and lensing correlations. Two-point correlation functions are measured for a sample of 6.6×105 luminous red galaxies selected using the redMaGiC algorithm over an area of 1321 square degrees, in the redshift range 0.15<z<0.9, split into five tomographic redshift bins. The sample has a mean redshift uncertainty of σz/(1+z)=0.017. We quantify and correct spurious correlations induced by spatially variable survey properties, testing their impact on the clustering measurements and covariance. We demonstrate the sample’s robustness by testing for stellar contamination, for potential biases that could arise from the systematic correction, and for the consistency between the two-point auto- and cross-correlation functions. We show that the corrections we apply have a significant impact on the resultant measurement of cosmological parameters, but that the results are robust against arbitrary choices in the correction method. We find the linear galaxy bias in each redshift bin in a fiducial cosmology to be b(σ8/0.81)|z=0.24=1.40±0.07, b(σ8/0.81)|z=0.38=1.60±0.05, b(σ8/0.81)|z=0.53=1.60±0.04 for galaxies with luminosities L/L*>0.5, b(σ8/0.81)|z=0.68=1.93±0.04 for L/L*>1 and b(σ8/0.81)|z=0.83=1.98±0.07 for L/L*>1.5, broadly consistent with expectations for the redshift and luminosity dependence of the bias of red galaxies. We show these measurements to be consistent with the linear bias obtained from tangential shear measurements.
•(Co1−xNix)79.3B20.7 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) alloys were solidified at different undercoolings.•Partial substitution of Co by Ni reduces the possibility for metastable M2B.•All the Co-Ni-B alloys ...solidify into single metastable M23B6 phase at large undercooling.•The stability of metastable M23B6 phase becomes worse as the Ni content increases.•A vertical section of the Co-Ni-B phase diagram with a content of 20.7 at% B was drawn.
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(Co1−xNix)79.3B20.7 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) alloys were solidified at different undercoolings, aimed at the effect of Co/Ni atomic ratio on the metastable phase formation and stability. Substitution of Co by Ni reduces the possibility for metastable M2B (M = Co or/and Ni) phase to form as primary solid at medium undercoolings. As a result, M2B phase completely disappears from the solidification of the alloys with x = 0.5, 0.75 and 1. All the Co-Ni-B alloys investigated solidify into single metastable M23B6 phase at large undercooling. The stability of metastable M23B6 phase however becomes worse as the Ni content increases, due to which it is decomposed into α-M and M3B phases in the post-solidification cooling process when x ≥ 0.75. A vertical section of the Co-Ni-B phase diagram with a content of 20.7 at% B was drawn, including the liquidus temperatures of M3B, M2B and M23B6 phases and the eutectic temperatures of L → α-M + M3B and L → α-M + M2B.
The effects of Ru on microstructure and creep properties of the two alloys were investigated in detail. According to the creep curves of the two alloys at 1140 °C/137 MPa, the creep rupture life was ...significantly improved with the increase of Ru and the mechanism of each stage during the creep deformation was different. Thus, the evolution of the γ' phase, the dislocation configuration, and the effect of Ru on solution strengthening were discussed. The γ/γ' lattice misfit of the initial microstructure presented increasingly negative as the content of Ru increased, which resulted in smaller and more regular γ' particles in the initial state. Meanwhile, more consistent and denser dislocation networks on the γ/γ' interface during creep deformation were examined. Hence, the addition of Ru decreased the minimum creep rate and prolonged the secondary creep stage. Moreover, the so-called “reverse partitioning” behavior and enhancement of γ matrix strength appeared with the increase of Ru. When the alloy contained 2.5 wt% Ru, the rapidly increasing in creep strain rate induced by the topological inversion appeared. When the alloy included 3.5 wt% Ru, the needle-like and rod-like topologically close-packed (TCP) phases were observed occasionally. The stress and the supersaturation of refractory elements resulted in the precipitation of the TCP phase. The dramatic increase of the creep strain rate was principally related to the propagation of micro-cracks around the casting and creep voids in the necked regions.
The interaction between nitrogen monoxide (NO) and organic peroxy radicals (RO
) greatly impacts the formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOM), the key precursors of secondary organic ...aerosols. It has been thought that HOM production can be significantly suppressed by NO even at low concentrations. Here, we perform dedicated experiments focusing on HOM formation from monoterpenes at low NO concentrations (0 - 82 pptv). We demonstrate that such low NO can enhance HOM production by modulating the RO
loss and favoring the formation of alkoxy radicals that can continue to autoxidize through isomerization. These insights suggest that HOM yields from typical boreal forest emissions can vary between 2.5%-6.5%, and HOM formation will not be completely inhibited even at high NO concentrations. Our findings challenge the notion that NO monotonically reduces HOM yields by extending the knowledge of RO
-NO interactions to the low-NO regime. This represents a major advance towards an accurate assessment of HOM budgets, especially in low-NO environments, which prevails in the pre-industrial atmosphere, pristine areas, and the upper boundary layer.
Quasi-static and dynamic compressive tests with a series loading rates were conducted on (Zr0.6336Cu0.1452Ni0.1012Al0.12)97Tm3 bulk amorphous alloy at cryogenic temperature. It is found that ...mechanical properties of the alloy such as yield strength and plasticity are obviously dependent on temperature and strain rate. The plastic strain of the specimens at 298 K and 77 K is 8.4% and 13.7% respectively under quasi-static load with strain rate of 1 × 10−4 s−1. Additionally, the dynamic mechanical properties of amorphous alloys at different strain rates were tested by split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) to unveil the dynamic deformation behaviors at cryogenic temperature of 177 K and 77 K. Compared with the results of quasi-static compression, strain rate softening phenomenon can be observed under dynamic loading, but the compressive strength of specimens increases significantly with the decrease of temperature. Moreover, the specimens have no obvious plastic deformation under dynamic loading. Compared with room temperature, the improvement of quasi-static and dynamic compressive strength of the alloy at cryogenic temperature can be attributed to the strong interatomic binding force between the alloy elements.
•Quasi-static and dynamic deformation behavior of a Zr-based amorphous alloys at cryogenic temperature was compared.•Relationships between fracture mechanism and temperature under different stress states were discussed.•The effect of stress state on the dynamic fracture behavior of Zr-based metallic glass was analyzed.
The hot compression behavior of Ti–6.5Al–3.5Mo–1.5Zr–0.3Si alloy with an equiaxed microstructure was examined in the temperature range of 900–1060
°C and strain rate range of 0.001–10
s
−1. The ...dynamic recrystallization (DRX), flow instability and texture of compressed Ti alloy are characterized by the processing maps and EBSD. The stress–strain curves of Ti alloys show that the continuous flow softening occurs, while the broad oscillations induced by adiabatic shear bands exist above strain rates of 1.0
s
−1. The processing maps exhibit two DRX domains: α phase DRX domain in the range of 900–980
°C and 0.001–0.1
s
−1, and the β phase DRX domain in the range of 1000–1060
°C and 0.01–1.0
s
−1. It is also found that the instable deformation region increases with strain increasing. In addition, EBSD results exhibit that DRX can cause the low angle boundaries (LABs) to decrease and the high angle boundaries (HABs) to increase in the α
+
β region.
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