Although upper echelons scholars have drawn from the demographic faultlines concept to study top management team (TMT) subgroup dynamics, the effects of TMT faultlines on competitive behavior and ...performance outcomes have not been well documented. To gain greater insight, we develop a model that connects TMT faultlines, CEO-TMT power disparity, competitive behavior, and firm performance. We hypothesize that TMT faultlines and CEO-TMT power disparity jointly determine a firm’s competitive aggressiveness and simplicity, and these two competitive behaviors influence firm performance. Using a sample of 295 U.S. firms in 146 industries from 2000 to 2013, our findings indicate that (a) TMTs with strong faultlines take fewer and simpler competitive actions, and CEO-TMT power disparity further worsens the negative effect on the volume of competitive actions, and (b) fewer and simpler competitive actions benefit short-term firm performance; however, they hurt the long-term firm performance trend. These findings contribute to the upper echelons and competitive dynamics research and suggest important managerial implications.
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) with excellent properties has been widely reported in recent years. However, it is a great challenge to achieve p-type conductivity in MoS2 because of its native stubborn ...n-type conductivity. Substitutional transition metal doping has been proved to be an effective approach to tune their intrinsic properties and enhance device performance. Herein, we report the growth of Nb-doping large-area monolayer MoS2 by a one-step salt-assisted chemical vapor deposition method. Electrical measurements indicate that Nb doping suppresses n-type conductivity in MoS2 and shows an ambipolar transport behavior after annealing under the sulfur atmosphere, which highlights the p-type doping effect via Nb, corresponding to the density functional theory calculations with Fermi-level shifting to valence band maximum. This work provides a promising approach of two-dimensional materials in electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation based on sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) framework has attracted extensive attention. The accuracy of on‐grid DOA estimation is restricted by the prescribed grid, ...while off‐grid approaches resolves the problem of grid mismatch partly. This letter deals with off‐grid DOA estimation problem of wideband signals. A factor graph is designed to describe the problem with Dirichlet process (DP) prior, which clusters the sparse structure of wideband signals. The authors employ the combined belief propagation‐mean field (BP‐MF) rule on the factor graph and lead to a message passing algorithm. Simulation results verify the superiority of the proposed combined BP‐MF algorithm for off‐grid DOA estimation compared to other state‐of‐art methods.
This study explores the impact of positive parenting on adolescents' life satisfaction and the mediating role of parent-adolescent attachment, based on the family systems theory and attachment ...theory. The sample included 5,047 adolescents (2,353 males, 2,694 females) with a mean age of 16.65 (SD = 1.21) from Henan Province, China. This study used the Positive Parenting Scale, the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment and the Satisfaction with Life Scale to survey 5,047 adolescents. The results showed that: (1) father's positive parenting positively predicted adolescent life satisfaction, while mother's positive parenting did not significantly predict adolescent life satisfaction; (2) Father-adolescent attachment and mother-adolescent attachment play a mediating role in the relationship between fathers' positive parenting, mothers' positive parenting, and adolescent life satisfaction, respectively; (3) Differences in the mechanisms of father's positive parenting and mother's positive parenting on adolescent life satisfaction. Among them, mothers' positive parenting positively predicts mother-adolescent attachment, which in turn affects adolescent life satisfaction. On the other hand, fathers' positive parenting can influence adolescent life satisfaction through two pathways: by positively predicting father-adolescent attachment and by positively predicting mother-adolescent attachment. The research findings indicate that father's and mother's positive parenting have different direct effects on adolescent's life satisfaction, and both can indirectly influence adolescent life satisfaction through the mediating variables of father-adolescent and mother-adolescent attachment. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications for promoting family education and adolescent psychological well-being.
Patents play an important, and increasingly influential, role in management scholarship. In this study, we conduct a broad and systematic review of patent-based empirical work in the management ...field, which involves mapping the ways in which scholars are using patent-based measures to represent concepts and assessing this usage based on measurement principles. With respect to mapping, our review identifies the different types of measures that researchers have constructed based on different types of patent data (e.g., patent counts, backward citations) as well as delineates the classes of theoretical concepts that are being represented by those measures. In terms of assessing, as a complement to prior surveys of patent-based research that have assessed patents as indicators based on features of patents, patenting, and patent offices, we develop a framework that is based on measurement principles. Using this framework, our assessment of patent-based research in management reveals important patterns surrounding foundational measurement issues, i.e., method bias, validation threats, model misspecification. Our review makes two core contributions: one centering on summarizing how patents have been used in management research and one focusing on guiding management scholars in terms of common measurement issues for patent-based indicators. These contributions have important implications for future scholarly work in management.
Guided by Beck's cognitive model of depression, this study comprehensively explores the mechanisms linking harsh parenting, rumination, and victimization to the development of adolescent depression. ...A total of 5047 adolescents were assessed using the Harsh Parenting Scale, Rumination Scale, Olweus Bullying/Victimization Questionnaire, and Beck Depression Inventory. The results indicated that harsh parenting positively influences adolescent depression. Moreover, rumination emerged as an important mediator between harsh parenting and adolescent depression, similar to victimization. Additionally, we found that both rumination and victimization act as chain mediators in the relationship between harsh parenting and adolescent depression. These findings demonstrate that harsh parenting impacts adolescent depression mediated by rumination and victimization. By shedding light on these mechanisms, this study improves our comprehension of how harsh parenting influences adolescent depression and offers valuable insights for designing interventions to alleviate depression in this population.
The optimization of glucose control in type-1 diabetes is challenged by postprandial glycemic variability. This study aimed to compare the postprandial glycemic effects of carbohydrate counting and ...the modified fat-protein unit (FPU) algorithms following meals with different protein and fat emphases in adults with type-1 diabetes. Thirty adults with type-1 diabetes aged 18 to 45 years participated in a randomized crossover trial. In a random order, participants consumed four test meals with equivalent energy and different macronutrient emphases on four separate mornings. The modified FPU algorithms and carbohydrate counting were used to determine the insulin dose for the test meals. A continuous glucose monitoring system was used to measured postprandial glycemia. Compared with carbohydrate counting, the modified FPU algorithm significantly decreased the late postprandial mean glucose levels (p = 0.026) in high protein-fat meals. The number of hypoglycemia episodes was similar between insulin dosing algorithms for the high protein-fat meals; hypoglycemic events were considerably higher for the modified FPU in the normal protein-fat meal (p = 0.042). The modified FPU algorithm may improve postprandial glycemic control after consuming high protein-fat meals in adults with type-1 diabetes but may result in increased hypoglycemia risk when used with a normal protein-fat meal.
Aim
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) integration is one of the mechanisms contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, the status of HBV integration in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ...(ICC) is poorly understood. This study aims to characterize the viral integration in HBV‐related ICC.
Methods
The presence of HBV S and C gene in ICCs and the paratumor tissue was determined by polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing. Hepatitis B virus integration was detected by a high‐throughput capture sequencing method. The expression analysis of the genes targeted by HBV in ICC was undertaken in The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset.
Results
Hepatitis B virus S and/or C gene fragments were detected in 71.43% (10/14) ICCs and 57.14% (8/14) paratumor tissues. Using the high‐throughput capture sequencing approach, 139 and 183 HBV integration breakpoints were identified from seven ICC and seven paired paratumor tissues, respectively. Seven genes (TERT, CEACAM20, SPATA18, TRERF1, ZNF23, LINC01449, and LINC00486) were recurrently targeted by HBV‐DNA in different ICC tissues or different cell populations of the same tissue. TERT, which is the most preferential HBV target gene in HCC, was found to be repeatedly interrupted by HBV‐DNA in three different ICC tissues. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, TERT, as well as three other HBV recurrently targeted genes (SPATA18, TRERF1, and ZNF23), showed differential expression levels between ICC and para‐ICC tissues.
Conclusions
Taken together, HBV integration is a common event in HBV‐related ICC. The HBV recurrent integration genes identified from this study, such as TERT, provide new clues for further research on the causative link between HBV infection and ICC.
Antimicrobial genes are found in all classes of life. To efficiently isolate these genes, we used Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli as target indicator bacteria and transformed them with cDNA ...libraries. Among thousands of expressed proteins, candidate proteins played antimicrobial roles from the inside of the indicator bacteria (internal effect), contributing to the sensitivity (much more sensitivity than the external effect from antimicrobial proteins working from outside of the cells) and the high throughput ability of screening. We found that B. subtilis is more efficient and reliable than E. coli. Using the B. subtilis expression system, we identified 19 novel, broad-spectrum antimicrobial genes. Proteins expressed by these genes were extracted and tested, exhibiting strong external antibacterial, antifungal and nematicidal activities. Furthermore, these newly isolated proteins could control plant diseases. Application of these proteins secreted by engineered B. subtilis in soil could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. These proteins are thermally stable and suitable for clinical medicine, as they exhibited no haemolytic activity. Based on our findings, we speculated that plant, animal and human pathogenic bacteria, fungi or even cancer cells might be taken as the indicator target cells for screening specific resistance genes.
Theaceae, comprising 300 + species, holds significance in biodiversity, economics, and culture, notably including the globally consumed tea plant. Stewartia gemmata, a species of the earliest ...diverging tribe Stewartieae, is critical to offer insights into Theaceae's origin and evolutionary history.
We sequenced the complete organelle genomes of Stewartia gemmata using short/long reads sequencing technologies. The chloroplast genome (158,406 bp) exhibited a quadripartite structure including the large single-copy region (LSC), a small single-copy region (SSC), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs); 114 genes encoded 80 proteins, 30 tRNAs, and four rRNAs. The mitochondrial genome (681,203 bp) exhibited alternative conformations alongside a monocyclic structure: 61 genes encoding 38 proteins, 20 tRNAs, three rRNAs, and RNA editing-impacting genes, including ATP6, RPL16, COX2, NAD4L, NAD5, NAD7, and RPS1. Comparative analyses revealed frequent recombination events and apparent rRNA gene gains and losses in the mitochondrial genome of Theaceae. In organelle genomes, the protein-coding genes exhibited a strong A/U bias at codon endings; ENC-GC3 analysis implies selection-driven codon bias. Transposable elements might facilitate interorganelle sequence transfer. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed Stewartieae's early divergence within Theaceae, shedding light on organelle genome characteristics and evolution in Theaceae.
We studied the detailed characterization of organelle genomes, including genome structure, composition, and repeated sequences, along with the identification of lateral gene transfer (LGT) events and complexities. The discovery of a large number of repetitive sequences and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) has led to new insights into molecular phylogenetic markers. Decoding the Stewartia gemmata organellar genome provides valuable genomic resources for further studies in tea plant phylogenomics and evolutionary biology.
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