A new multichannel seismic reflection profile collected across the Sichuan Basin in southern China by SINOPROBE images prominent reflectors that originate within the lower crust and penetrate well ...into the underlying mantle. The geometry of these mantle reflectors is very similar to those observed on other deep reflection profiles that have been interpreted as relicts of ancient subduction. Considering the geological history of the basement beneath and surrounding Sichuan Basin and ages of granites encountered in nearby wells, we propose that these newly revealed reflectors are the remnants of Neo-Proterozoic subduction that occurred along the NW margin of the Yangtze Craton. This interpretation is consistent with geochemical studies from a gneissic complex at the west margin of the Sichuan Basin. Moreover, preservation of these reflectors supports the idea that the Sichuan lithosphere served as a consolidated tectonic buttress against which the Tibetan Plateau has impinged to produce the Longmenshan orogenic belt.
•Dipping sub-Moho reflections are imaged beneath Sichuan Basin from SINOPROBE.•The sub-Moho reflections are interpreted as relict subduction.•Relict subduction is Neo-Proterozoic age given nearby geochemical evidence.•Debate about South China tectonic accretion may be solved by this study.•Presence and preservation of fossil subduction shows strength of Sichuan lithosphere.
Taste and aroma, which are important organoleptic qualities of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) fruit, undergo rapid and substantial changes during ripening. However, the associated molecular mechanisms ...remain unclear. The goal of this study was to identify candidate genes for flavor compound metabolism and to construct a regulatory transcriptional network.
We characterized the transcriptome of the 'Jianali' apricot cultivar, which exhibits substantial changes in flavor during ripening, at 50 (turning), 73 (commercial maturation) and 91 (full ripe) days post anthesis (DPA) using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that four of 19 modules correlated highly with flavor compound metabolism (P < 0.001). From them, we identified 1237 differentially expressed genes, with 16 intramodular hubs. A proposed pathway model for flavor compound biosynthesis is presented based on these genes. Two SUS1 genes, as well as SPS2 and INV1 were correlated with sugar biosynthesis, while NADP-ME4, two PK-like and mitochondrial energy metabolism exerted a noticeable effect on organic acid metabolism. CCD1 and FAD2 were identified as being involved in apocarotenoid aroma volatiles and lactone biosynthesis, respectively. Five sugar transporters (Sweet10, STP13, EDR6, STP5.1, STP5.2), one aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT9) and one ABCG transporter (ABCG11) were associated with the transport of sugars, organic acids and volatiles, respectively. Sixteen transcription factors were also highlighted that may also play regulatory roles in flavor quality development.
Apricot RNA-Seq data were obtained and used to generate an annotated set of predicted expressed genes, providing a platform for functional genomic research. Using network analysis and pathway mapping, putative molecular mechanisms for changes in apricot fruit taste and aroma during ripening were elucidated.
The geological processes responsible for outward growth of the Tibetan Plateau are debated. The Qilian Mountains on the northeastern margin of the plateau comprise one of the youngest structural ...components of the plateau whose understanding is key to deciphering the broader geological evolution of the region. Here, based on a reprocessed deep seismic profile which was originally collected during the 1990s across the northeast margin of the western Qilian Mountains and previous geological and geophysical data, we find evidence for decoupled crustal deformation that was partitioned by a decollement, in which lower-crustal deformation featured by local duplexing preceded upper-crustal deformation featured by imbricate thrusts. Furthermore, we propose that the Asian lithospheric mantle is being underthrust beneath the western Qilian Mountains, as inferred from patterns of lower crustal deformation which is marked by the Moho geometry. Integrating these results yields a better understanding of lithospheric deformation of western Qilian Mountains, northeastern margin of the plateau during the Cenozoic.
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is the smallest virus known to infect human. About 15 million people worldwide are infected by HDV among those 240 million infected by its helper hepatitis B virus (HBV). ...Viral hepatitis D is considered as one of the most severe forms of human viral hepatitis. No specific antivirals are currently available to treat HDV infection and antivirals against HBV do not ameliorate hepatitis D. Liver sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) was recently identified as a common entry receptor for HDV and HBV in cell cultures. Here we show HDV can infect mice expressing human NTCP (hNTCP-Tg). Antibodies against critical regions of HBV envelope proteins blocked HDV infection in the hNTCP-Tg mice. The infection was acute yet HDV genome replication occurred efficiently, evident by the presence of antigenome RNA and edited RNA species specifying large delta antigen in the livers of infected mice. The resolution of HDV infection appears not dependent on adaptive immune response, but might be facilitated by innate immunity. Liver RNA-seq analyses of HDV infected hNTCP-Tg and type I interferon receptor 1 (IFNα/βR1) null hNTCP-Tg mice indicated that in addition to induction of type I IFN response, HDV infection was also associated with up-regulation of novel cellular genes that may modulate HDV infection. Our work has thus proved the concept that NTCP is a functional receptor for HDV infection in vivo and established a convenient small animal model for investigation of HDV pathogenesis and evaluation of antiviral therapeutics against the early steps of infection for this important human pathogen.
To purify heavy metal wastewater (pickling waste liquor (PWLA and PWLB) and electroplating wastewater (EPWC and EPWD)), a novel magnetic Fe3O4/ZnCr–LDH material was formed via two-step microwave ...hydrothermal method (Step 1 and Step 2) and applicable for organic dyes wastewater treatment. Display omitted
► Fe3O4/ZnCr-layered double hydroxide adsorbent was produced from wastewater. ► RSM was successfully applied to the optimization of the preparation conditions. ► The maximum adsorption capacity of MO was found to be 240.16mg/g. ► The MO adsorption mechanism on MFLA was certified. ► MFLA could be recycled after catalytic regeneration by the oxidation technology.
A novel magnetic Fe3O4/ZnCr-layered double hydroxide adsorbent was produced from electroplating wastewater and pickling waste liquor via a two-step microwave hydrothermal method. Adsorption of methyl orange (MO) from water was studied using this material. The effects of three variables have been investigated by a single-factor method. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design was successfully applied to the optimization of the preparation conditions. The maximum adsorption capacity of MO was found to be 240.16mg/g, indicating that this material may be an effective adsorbent. It was shown that 99% of heavy metal ions (Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, and Zn2+) can be effectively removed into precipitates and released far less in the adsorption process. In addition, this material with adsorbed dye can be easily separated by a magnetic field and recycled after catalytic regeneration with advanced oxidation technology. Meanwhile, kinetic models, FTIR spectra and X-ray diffraction pattern were applied to the experimental data to examine uptake mechanism. The boundary layer and intra-particle diffusion played important roles in the adsorption mechanisms.
Intelligent operation and maintenance is an important part of Industry 4.0. In order to realize the intelligent of plant equipment, it will make full use of artificial intelligence methods to ...evaluate the operating status of the equipment. Fault diagnosis of industrial equipment represented by bearings is critical in smart manufacturing. Early, online and accurate diagnostics can save the plant a lot of time and expense. With the development of sensor technology and deep learning technology, multi-sensor information fusion and convolutional neural network (CNN) provide a solution to the above problems. In this paper, based on the characteristics of mechanical vibration signal propagation in space, a new multi-sensor information fusion method is proposed to implement fault classification. This method constructs the time-domain vibration signals of multiple sensors from different position into a rectangular two-dimensional matrix, and then uses an improved 2D CNN to realize signal classification. The method is validated on the open dataset Case Western Reserve University, the University of Cincinnati IMS bearing database and the dataset form designed bearing fault test rig, has achieved prediction of 99.92%, 99.68%, and 99.25% respectively. Compared with the traditional 1D, 2D CNN and other fault classification methods, the model can utilize less data and computational complexity, achieve higher fault prediction accuracy.
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•Hollow ZnO/ZnFe2O4 microspheres with hetero-interfaces were synthesized by directly pyrolysis of Prussian blue analogue.•Abnormal n-p-n type conductivity transition of ZnO/ZnFe2O4 ...microspheres could be observed during gas sensing process.•The conductivity transition is due to the highly separated electron-hole pairs from ZnO-ZnFe2O4 hetero-interfaces.
The hollow ZnO/ZnFe2O4 microspheres with heterogeneous structure are synthesized by direct pyrolysis of metal-organic frameworks. The as-prepared ZnO/ZnFe2O4 microspheres have well-defined spherical morphology with ∼1.5μm in diameter and multiple porous shells constructed by interpenetrated ZnO and ZnFe2O4 heterogeneous nanoparticles. Interestingly, the hollow ZnO/ZnFe2O4 microspheres based gas sensors show interestingly temperature-dependent n-p-n type conductivity transition in detecting low-concentration VOC gases including ethanol, acetone, toluene and benzene. This interestingly n-p-n transition phenomenon is mainly ascribed to the trade-off of highly separated electron-hole pairs originated from the staggered type-II band alignment of in-shell ZnO-ZnFe2O4 hetero-interfaces, which is modulated by thermally-dependent ionization reaction of surface-absorbed oxygen molecules and extra electron injection due to surface reaction of reductive VOCs during gas-sensing process. This work presents a facile route to construct hollow nanostructures with heterogeneous feature and provides a new insight into sensing mechanism, exhibiting the potential application of ZnO/ZnFe2O4 microspheres in developing highly sensitive and selective gas-sensing materials in detecting low-concentration VOCs.
A newly emerged H7N9 virus has caused 132 human infections with 37 deaths in China since 18 February 2013. Control measures in H7N9 virus—positive live poultry markets have reduced the number of ...infections; however, the character of the virus, including its pandemic potential, remains largely unknown. We systematically analyzed H7N9 viruses isolated from birds and humans. The viruses were genetically closely related and bound to human airway receptors; some also maintained the ability to bind to avian airway receptors. The viruses isolated from birds were nonpathogenic in chickens, ducks, and mice; however, the viruses isolated from humans caused up to 30% body weight loss in mice. Most importantly, one virus isolated from humans was highly transmissible in ferrets by respiratory droplet. Our findings indicate nothing to reduce the concern that these viruses can transmit between humans.
Limited by the wind tunnel size, a one-and-a-half train model is generally adopted during the test to represent the realistic long tandem. Thus, the reasonable arrangement of the trailing vehicle ...length is of significance for experimental accuracy. In this work, the aerodynamic performance of trains with different trailing vehicle lengths subjected to crosswind was studied using the improved detached eddy simulation method combined with the shear–stress–transport k–ω turbulence model. The 1/8th scaled high-speed trains with five trailing lengths were proposed, and the aerodynamic differences were evaluated at yaw angles ranging from β = 0° to β = 60°. The numerical method was validated by the previous wind tunnel test. Results show that the aerodynamics and flow patterns of the La = 0.50 and the benchmark are highly relevant. The downstream dummy vehicle length has the greatest effect on aerodynamic coefficients at a higher yaw angle (β > 30°), especially at β = 60°, whereas the effects become insignificant at a lower yaw angle (β < 30°). For various La lengths, notable discrepancy appears at the leeward and top side where large vortexes shed off from the roof. The larger contributions to the lateral force and lift force coefficients are mainly due to these areas. A suitable length of La = 0.50 is therefore recommended to obtain more accurate aerodynamics of a long train set.
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