This review makes the case for cheaper and more efficient water electrolysis technology. In particular, the potential advantages of zero gap, alkaline water electrolysers based on hydroxide ion ...conducting membranes are highlighted. Following a brief introduction into the thermodynamics and kinetics of water electrolysis, recent developments in oxygen evolving anodes, hydrogen evolving cathodes and hydroxide transporting membranes appropriate to such technology are reviewed.
► The need for improved water electrolysis technology if it is to contribute to a green energy economy. ► Developments in electrocatalysts for zero gap alkaline water electrolysers. ► Developments in hydroxide transporting membranes for such cells.
Red emissive carbon quantum dots (R‐CQDs) with quantum yield of 53% is successfully prepared. An ultraviolet (UV)‐pumped CQD phosphors‐based warm white light‐emitting diode (WLED) is realized for the ...first time and achieves a color rendering index of 97. This work provides a new avenue for the exploration of low cost, environment‐friendly, and high‐performance CQD phosphors‐based warm WLEDs.
Red‐emissive carbon quantum dots (R‐CQDs) with a quantum yield of 53% are successfully prepared. An ultraviolet (UV)‐pumped CQD‐phosphorbased warm‐white‐light‐emitting diode (WLED) is realized for the first time, which achieves a color rendering index of 97. A new avenue for the exploration of low cost, environmentally friendly, and high‐performance CQD‐phosphorbased warm WLEDs is thus provided.
Multicolor bandgap fluorescent carbon quantum dots (MCBF‐CQDs) from blue to red with quantum yield up to 75% are synthesized using a solvothermal method. For the first time, monochrome ...electroluminescent light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with MCBF‐CQDs directly as an active emission layer are fabricated. The maximum luminance of blue LEDs reaches 136 cd m−2, which is the best performance for CQD‐based monochrome electroluminescent LEDs.
Sulfur-doped graphene quantum dots (S-GQDs) with stable blue-green fluorescence were synthesized by one-step electrolysis of graphite in sodium p-toluenesulfonate aqueous solution. Compared with ...GQDs, the S-GQDs drastically improved the electronic properties and surface chemical reactivities, which exhibited a sensitive response to Fe3+. Therefore, the S-GQDs were used as an efficient fluorescent probe for highly selective detection of Fe3+. Upon increasing of Fe3+ concentration ranging from 0.01 to 0.70 μM, the fluorescence intensity of S-GQDs gradually decreased and reached a plateau at 0.90 μM. The difference in the fluorescence intensity of S-GQDs before and after adding Fe3+ was proportional to the concentration of Fe3+, and the calibration curve displayed linear regions over the range of 0–0.70 μM. The detection limit was 4.2 nM. Finally, this novel fluorescent probe was successfully applied to the direct analysis of Fe3+ in human serum, which presents potential applications in clinical diagnosis and may open a new way to the design of effective fluorescence probes for other biologically related targets.
MiRNAs play significant roles in many fundamental and important biological processes, and predicting potential miRNA-disease associations makes contributions to understanding the molecular mechanism ...of human diseases. Existing state-of-the-art methods make use of miRNA-target associations, miRNA-family associations, miRNA functional similarity, disease semantic similarity and known miRNA-disease associations, but the known miRNA-disease associations are not well exploited.
In this paper, a network embedding-based multiple information integration method (NEMII) is proposed for the miRNA-disease association prediction. First, known miRNA-disease associations are formulated as a bipartite network, and the network embedding method Structural Deep Network Embedding (SDNE) is adopted to learn embeddings of nodes in the bipartite network. Second, the embedding representations of miRNAs and diseases are combined with biological features about miRNAs and diseases (miRNA-family associations and disease semantic similarities) to represent miRNA-disease pairs. Third, the prediction models are constructed based on the miRNA-disease pairs by using the random forest. In computational experiments, NEMII achieves high-accuracy performances and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods: GRNMF, NTSMDA and PBMDA. The usefulness of NEMII is further validated by case studies. The studies demonstrate the great potential of network embedding method for the miRNA-disease association prediction, and SDNE outperforms other popular network embedding methods: DeepWalk, High-Order Proximity preserved Embedding (HOPE) and Laplacian Eigenmaps (LE).
We propose a new method, named NEMII, for predicting miRNA-disease associations, which has great potential to benefit the field of miRNA-disease association prediction.
The IR780 iodide (IR780) is recognized as an effective theranostic agent for simultaneous near-infrared fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the rigid chloro-cyclohexenyl ...ring makes IR780 insoluble in almost all pharmaceutically acceptable solvents, which inevitably limits its clinical application. We report folic acid (FA)-functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs-FA) containing a large and intact sp2 domain with carboxyl groups around the edge. Such GQDs-FA possess exceptionally high loading capacity for IR780 via strong π–π stacking interactions, and the water solubility of IR780 is improved by over 2400-fold after loading onto GQDs-FA (IR780/GQDs-FA). IR780/GQDs-FA with an improved photostability, an enhanced tumor-targeting ability, and a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 87.9% were capable of producing sufficient hyperthermia to effectively kill cancer cells and completely eradicate tumors upon 808 nm laser irradiation. The present IR780/GQDs-FA may open up great opportunities for the effective PTT to treat cancer.
•A survey of Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer (AEMWE) status is presented.•Performance limitations for state-of-the-art and novel components are discussed.•Requirements for AEMWE components ...for pure water operation are motivated.•Critical gaps in AEMWE components technology are identified.
AEMWE is a novel technology combining the advantages of the already recognized electrolyzer technologies, i.e. Proton Exchange Membrane WE (PEMWE) and Alkaline WE (AWE) with the promise to eliminate the disadvantages of both. This review presents an overall opinion of the current state of AEMWE technology, focusing on component’s performance, durability and overall operation while identifying the critical gaps in the technology. It presents our perspective on the requisite developments in AEMWE at the cell component level in order to become a viable technology amongst other electrolyzer technologies with the potential for widespread adoption and commercialization.
We report water-soluble, 3 nm uniform-sized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with red emission prepared by electrochemical exfoliation of graphite in K2S2O8 solution. Such GQDs show a great potential as ...biological labels for cellular imaging.
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications on account of carbon's intrinsic merits of high stability, low cost, and environment-friendliness. ...However, the CQDs usually give broad emission with full width at half maximum exceeding 80 nm, which fundamentally limit their display applications. Here we demonstrate multicolored narrow bandwidth emission (full width at half maximum of 30 nm) from triangular CQDs with a quantum yield up to 54-72%. Detailed structural and optical characterizations together with theoretical calculations reveal that the molecular purity and crystalline perfection of the triangular CQDs are key to the high color-purity. Moreover, multicolored light-emitting diodes based on these CQDs display good stability, high color-purity, and high-performance with maximum luminance of 1882-4762 cd m
and current efficiency of 1.22-5.11 cd A
. This work will set the stage for developing next-generation high-performance CQDs-based light-emitting diodes.
An unlabeled immobilized DNA-based sensor was reported for simultaneous detection of Pb2+, Ag+, and Hg2+ by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with Fe(CN)64–/3– as redox probe, which ...consisted of three interaction sections: Pb2+ interaction with G-rich DNA strands to form G-quadruplex, Ag+ interaction with C–C mismatch to form C–Ag+–C complex, and Hg2+ interaction with T–T mismatch to form T–Hg2+–T complex. Circular dichroism (CD) and UV–vis spectra indicated that the interactions between DNA and Pb2+, Ag+, or Hg2+ occurred. Upon DNA interaction with Pb2+, Ag+, and Hg2+, respectively, a decreased charge transfer resistance (R CT) was obtained. Taking advantage of the R CT difference (ΔR CT), Pb2+, Ag+, and Hg2+ were selectively detected with the detection limit of 10 pM, 10 nM, and 0.1 nM, respectively. To simultaneously (or parallel) detect the three metal ions coexisting in a sample, EDTA was applied to mask Pb2+ and Hg2+ for detecting Ag+; cysteine was applied to mask Ag+ and Hg2+ for detecting Pb2+, and the mixture of G-rich and C-rich DNA strands were applied to mask Pb2+ and Ag+ for detecting Hg2+. Finally, the simple and cost-effective sensor could be successfully applied for simultaneously detecting Pb2+, Ag+, and Hg2+ in calf serum and lake water.
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