In recent years, outbreaks of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in China, Singapore and other Western Pacific Region, involving millions of children, have become a big threat to public health. This ...study aimed to quantitatively assess all qualified studies and identify the risk factors for HFMD death. A systematic search of the databases PubMed, Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library was performed. Study heterogeneity and publication bias were estimated. Seven case-control studies involving 1641 participants (634 died and 1007 survived) were included in the meta-analysis. Human enterovirus 71 infection, male, age ⩽3 years, vomiting, cyanosis, convulsion, duration of fever ⩾3 days, atypical rashes and abdominal distention were not significantly related to HFMD death (P ⩽ 0.05). Lethargy (odds ratio (OR) = 6.62; 95% CI 3.61-12.14; I2 = 0%; P < 0.0001), pneumonoedema/pneumorrhagia (OR = 4.09; 95% CI 2.44-6.87; I2 = 0%; P < 0.0001), seizures (OR = 6.85; 95% CI 2.37-19.74; I2 = 0%; P = 0.0004), dyspnoea (OR = 8.24; 95% CI 2.05-33.19; I2 = 83%; P = 0.003) and coma (OR = 3.76; 95% CI 1.85-7.67; I2 = 0%; P = 0.0003) were significantly associated with HFMD death, which were risk factors for HFMD death.
This paper presents a review of the state-of-art research on surface integrity characterization, especially the characteristics of residual stresses produced in machining of hardened steels, titanium ...and nickel-based superalloys using the geometrically defined tools. The interrelationships among residual stresses, microstructures, and tool-wear have been discussed. Current research on residual stress modeling and simulation using finite element method has been critically assessed. Also, the rationale for developing multi-scale simulation models for predicting residual stresses in machining has been presented. At the end, possible future work has been proposed.
A 2.5D analysis is presented of the vibration reduction of buildings alongside the railway by open or infilled trenches. Assuming the soil-structure system to be uniform along the railway direction, ...the 2D profile is used for obtaining the 3D response of the system by the 2.5D approach. Unlike most previous studies, the effect of self oscillation frequencies of the train due to wheel-rail interaction associated with rail irregularity is duly taken into account, in addition to the train and trench parameters. Focus is placed on the difference between the 2D and 2.5D results and on the mechanism of isolation of for the building. Contrary to the 2D analysis, the 2.5D response for the floor is found to be higher than the ceiling, implying that the wave transmission effect along the railway direction is greater than the amplification effect of the building structure. In addition, the 2.5D results are generally smaller than the 2D ones due to confinement of energy on the 2D plane. Both open and in-filled trenches are good for reducing building vibrations induced by trains, especially by those with higher self-oscillation frequencies when moving over irregular railways.
•First use of 2.5D approach to analyze the vibration of railway-side buildings mitigated by trenches.•First inclusion of train’s self oscillation frequencies due to wheel-rail interaction in the presence of rail irregularity.•Physical interpretation of the difference in the responses obtained by the 2.5D and 2D approaches.•Unveiling the mechanism of isolation by trenches with regard to excitation by moving trains for various physical parameters.•Conclusions crucial to the design of trenches are drawn for practical applications.
In this paper, the spin and parity of the Zc(3900)± state are determined to be JP = 1+ with a statistical significance larger than 7σ over other quantum numbers in a partial wave analysis of the ...process e+e- → π+π-J/Ψ. We use a data sample of 1.92 fb-1 accumulated at $ \sqrt{s}=4.23 $ and 4.26 GeV with the BESIII experiment. When parametrizing the Zc(3900)± with a Flatté-like formula, we determine its pole mass Mpole = (3881.2±4.2stat ±52.7syst) MeV/c2 and pole width Γpole = (51.8± 4.6stat ± 36.0syst) MeV. Finally, we also measure cross sections for the process e+e- → Zc(3900)+π- + c.c. → J/Ψπ+π- and determine an upper limit at the 90% confidence level for the process e+e- → Zc(4020)+π- + c.c. → J/Ψ π+π-.
Cadmium (Cd) is the major component of polluted environment, which has numerous undesirable effects on health. Cd could induce apoptosis of HEK293 cells, and the mitochondria may play a key role. ...However, the mode of action is unclear. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the ability of the Cd to induce dysfunction of mitochondria. We examined the effect of cadmium chloride (1, 5 and 10 μM) on mitochondrial membrane permeability and potential as well as oxidative stress markers in mitochondria isolated from HEK293 cells. We found that Cd could directly increase in permeability and decrease in membrane potential of mitochondria, even resulted in mitochondrial swelling, and that Cd could inhibit the activities of ATPase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), enhanced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO). On the whole, the results show that Cd can directly lead to mitochondrial dysfunction of HEK293 cells, including increased permeability, inhibiting respiration and evoking oxidative stress. Thus, for the first time, this paper makes an overall analysis of Cd-induced changes of structure and function of isolated mitochondria. Our findings may also have general implications in Cd-induced apoptosis by mitochondria pathway.
Plant translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1A) is both a protein synthesis factor and an important component of plant signal transduction, immune responses, protein trafficking, and apoptosis. ...However, its role in plant growth and development remains unclear. Herein, a full-length
EF1A
gene was isolated from banana (
Musa acuminata
L.) fruit and termed
MaEF1A
. We found that
MaEF1A
shared a high sequence identify with respective genes in other plants and the deduced amino acid sequence contained conserved regions of GTP-EFTU, GTP-EFTU-02, and GTP-EFTU-03, as well as two tRNA binding domains and six GTP-binding sites which represent functional domains for protein biosynthesis. MaEF1A protein is mainly localized to the nucleus.
MaEF1A
was constitutively expressed in different banana organs including developing fruits, and the highest expression was detected in ovary 4 stage.
Arabidopsis thaliana
L. (ecotype Columbia) was transformed with
MaEF1A
and four transgenic lines were obtained. Three transgenic lines were selected for further phenotypic analyses. Our findings indicate that overexpressed
MaEF1A
could greatly enhance plant height, root length, and both rhachis and silique length by promoting cell expansion and elongation. These experiments suggest an important role for
MaEF1A
in plant growth and development.
Abstract
Topological superconductors have long been predicted to host Majorana zero modes which obey non-Abelian statistics and have potential for realizing non-decoherence topological quantum ...computation. However, material realization of topological superconductors is still a challenge in condensed matter physics. Utilizing high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, we predict and then unveil the coexistence of topological Dirac semimetal and topological insulator states in the vicinity of Fermi energy (
E
F
) in the titanium-based oxypnictide superconductor BaTi
2
Sb
2
O. Further spin-resolved measurements confirm its spin-helical surface states around
E
F
, which are topologically protected and give an opportunity for realization of Majorana zero modes and Majorana flat bands in one material. Hosting dual topological states, the intrinsic superconductor BaTi
2
Sb
2
O is expected to be a promising platform for further investigation of topological superconductivity.
PDF
