Ti doped nickel oxide thin films have been fabricated by sol-gel dip-coating process using nickel acetate and tetrabutyl titanate as source materials. The effect of the amount of Ti dopant on the ...surface roughness, optical, chemical state and electrical properties of NiO: Ti thin films was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Uv-vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and I-V measurement, respectively. Results show that the Ti doping is an effective ways to improve the resistive switching behaviors and it is a convenient way to understand the mechanism of the resistive switching behaviors.
Most of nanoparticles catalyst for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) exhibit low electrocatalytic activity due to the use of binders. Considering the synergistic effect of high activity of NiCoP and ...good conductivity of the nanoporous copper (NPC), and we report self-supporting NiCoP/NPC composites by electrochemical depositing NiCoP micro-spheres on NPC. The NPC substrate leads to the uniform nucleation of NiCoP micro-spheres and the high resistance against aggregation. As a result, the cost-effective NiCoP/NPC composites possess promising HER performance, with a low overpotential of 80 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slop of 48.9 mV dec−1 in 1 M KOH.
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•Slope gradients affect hydro-erosional parameters on sand-covered loess slopes.•Interactive and synergistic effects of gradient and sand thickness were important.•Failure mode of sand layer differed ...with slope gradient and sand layer thickness.•Liquefaction generally occurred on the lower gradients with thinner sand layers.•Runoff and erosion peaks usually increased with increasing gradient and sand layer.
The aeolian sand-covered loess slope of the Wind-Water Erosion Crisscross Region of the Loess Plateau in China may play a key role in contributing excessive sediment to the Yellow River. Understanding its hydro-erosional processes is crucial to assessing, controlling and predicting soil and water losses in this region and maintaining the ecological sustainability of the Yellow River. Simulated rainfall (intensity 90mmh−1) was used to investigate the runoff and soil loss from loess slopes with different slope gradients (18%, 27%, 36%, 47%, and 58%) and overlying sand layer thicknesses (0, 5 and 10cm). As compared with uncovered loess slopes, an overlying sand layer delayed runoff production, reduced cumulative runoff and increased cumulative soil loss, as well as enhancing variations among slope gradients. Cumulative runoff and soil loss from the sand-covered loess slopes increased with increasing slope gradients and then slightly decreased, with a peak at about 47% gradient; they both were greater from the 10-cm sand-covered loess slope than from the 5-cm except for with 18% slope gradient. In general, differences in cumulative runoff between sand layer thicknesses became smaller, while those in cumulative soil loss became larger, with increasing slope gradient. Runoff and soil loss rates on the sand-covered loess slopes exhibited unimodal distributions during the rainstorms. Maximum values tended to occur at the same rain duration, and increased considerably with increasing slope gradient and sand layer thickness on slopes that were less than 47%. Liquefaction process might occur on the lower loess slopes covered with thinner sand layers but failures similar to shallow landslides might occur when the sand layer was thicker on steeper slopes. The presence of an overlying sand layer changed the relationship between runoff and soil loss rates during intense rainstorms and this change varied with different slope gradients. Our results demonstrated that the effects of slope gradient on hydro-erosional processes on the sand-covered loess slopes were important and vary with changing sand thickness. These effects should be considered when assessing and predicting soil losses from such slopes in the study region and from similar slopes elsewhere.
The effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GL-PS) on renal complication in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice have been investigated in the present study. C57BL/6J mice were made diabetic by ...injection of streptozotocin and GL-PS (125 and 250 mg kg
− 1
) was administered for 8 weeks. Body weight was monitored every week. Serum glucose, creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglyceride (TG) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) were measured after 8 weeks of treatment. Glomerular size and mesangial matrix index were assayed by morphometric analysis. Renal expression of transforming growth factor-β
1
(TGF-β
1
) were determined by immunochemistry. Renal malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were also evaluated. GL-PS was able to reduce the serum Cr and BUN levels and UAE compared with diabetic model mice in a dose-dependent manner. Increasing serum glucose and triglyceride levels in diabetic mice could also be lowered by GL-PS. Moreover, GL-PS had the capacity to improve the renal morphometric changes and oxidative stress state of diabetic mice. In summary, GL-PS can improve the metabolic abnormalities of diabetic mice and prevent or delay the progression of diabetic renal complications.
Until recently, Fenneropenaeus penicillatus was considered a commercial shrimp species. However, in 2005, it was included on the Red List as an endangered species by the Chinese government. In this ...study, 19 new microsatellite markers in F. penicillatus were developed and tested in samples of 32 wild individuals from Nanao, China. Twelve loci were polymorphic and 7 were monomorphic. Of the 12 polymorphic loci, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 6, with an average of 4.42 alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.302 to 0.670, with a mean of 0.4817. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.2250 to 0.8889 and from 0.1111 to 0.7750, respectively. Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE, adjusted P < 0.0042) after a Bonferroni correction were observed in 3 loci (NA-9, NA-57, and NA-64), whereas the other 9 loci were in HWE. These new microsatellite markers will be useful in further research on the population genetic structure of F. penicillatus.
•R2Fe14B magnets were prepared using melt-spinning method by Ce substitution for Nd.•Coercivity, Curie temperature and maximum energy product all decrease with the increase of Ce content in R2Fe14B ...magnets.•For x less than 10 in Nd12−xCexFe82B6 there is no significant decrease in the squareness of demagnetization curve.
The substitution for Nd by abundant element Ce is a practical way for the comprehensive utilization of rare earth resources in permanent magnets. In this letter, we investigate the magnetic properties and magnetization reversal of Nd12−xCexFe82B6 ribbons by varying x from 0 to 12. These ribbons mainly consist of R2Fe14B phase in isotropic nanostructure. Coercivity, Curie temperature and maximum energy product all decrease with the increase of Ce atomic percent. The decrease of coercivity is mainly attributed to the decrease of anisotropy due to the substitution for Nd by Ce. In Ce12Fe82B6 and Nd1Ce11Fe82B6 ribbons, the magnetization reversal behaviors are more non-uniform and the squareness of demagnetization curve is poor in second quadrant. However, as long as the Ce concentration does not exceed 10at.%, the squareness of demagnetization curve remains good and the intergranular exchange coupling is strong. It is expected that these investigations could be beneficial to the composition designing in the manufacturing of R2Fe14B magnets.
Epitaxial orthorhombic YMnO
3
(YMO) thin films on (001) Nb:SrTiO
3
(NSTO) substrates were prepared by pulsed laser deposition. The weak ferromagnetism at low temperature, probably ascribed to the ...stretched Mn-spin configuration along 010 direction, was identified. The dielectric anomaly at the spin–glass freezing point indicates clearly a spin–phonon (magnetoelectric) coupling which can be modulated by electric field. The as-prepared YMO/NSTO heterostructure exhibits significant current–voltage (
I
–
V
) rectifying effect over a broad temperature range.
Maximum ellipsoidal magnitude of the droplet is an important basic parameter for calculating drag force, droplets axial-velocity and dispersed-phase pressure gradient in an annular-mist pipe flow. An ...analytical correlation to predict the maximum ellipsoidal magnitude of a low-viscosity droplet in a parallel gas stream based on energy conservation and volume conservation. Stagnant pressure distribution on droplet surface is revised from Flachsbart's formula. The proposed correlation has clear physical meaning and easy to use. The correlation captures the deformation mechanism with an average absolute percent error of 9.53%. The effect of stagnant pressure distribution on the proposed correlation's accuracy is discussed.
Abstract
Improved energy confinement mode (I-mode) has been observed on the HL-2A tokamak. The I-mode features an edge transport barrier (ETB) in electron temperature and a low confinement mode like ...edge density. A weakly coherent mode (WCM) is observed in the edge region with the frequency of
f
∼
60
−
160
kHz and the poloidal wavenumber of
k
θ
∼
0.5
−
2.5
cm
−
1
. The maximum of WCM amplitude is located near the top of electron temperature pedestal. A critical value of
E
×
B
velocity shear for triggering the L–I transition has been found, and is much lower than that for triggering the L–H transition. Additionally, ion internal transport barrier (ITB) has been observed in the I-mode. The formation of ion ITB is due to the increase of
E
×
B
velocity shear, leading to the suppression of turbulence. Transport analysis further confirms the existence of electron ETB and ion ITB. The coexistence of electron ETB and ion ITB leads to an improved plasma confinement, which is comparable to that in the high confinement mode, suggesting that I-mode with ITB regimes could be an interesting operation scenario for future fusion devices.
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