Glycosylation is one of the most common and important types of protein post-translational modifications in mammalian cells. To decode the protein glycosylation, it is highly important to enrich ...glycopeptides or separate glycans from complex biosamples. Hydrophilic interaction liquid interaction chromatography (HILIC) has inherent advantages in the separation of hydrophilic substances and glycopeptide enrichment. Conventional HILIC display unbiased binding with the hydrophilic solutes, leading to unsatisfactory enrichment selectivity for glycopeptides. In recent three years, many novel HILIC materials, including histidine, dipeptide, maltose, and amide-based ones, were developed and displayed either specific binding capacities toward sialylated glycopeptides, or substantially stronger retention toward neutral glycopeptides. Therefore, HILIC has grown up to be a high-efficiency method for collecting both glycosylation sites and glycan structural information simultaneously. In the review, recent breakthrough of HILIC materials applied to glycopeptide enrichment and glycan separation is summarized, and the future development tendency of the HILIC is suggested.
•We review recent advances in HILIC materials applied to glycopeptide enrichment and glycan separation.•The “hydrophilic subtraction” model is introduced as HILIC mechanisms.•Five categories of HILIC materials are classified.•The future development tendency of the HILIC is suggested.
A honeycomb layered Na3Ni2SbO6 is synthesized as a cathode for sodium‐ion batteries. This new host material exhibits a high capacity of 117 mA h g−1, a remarkable cyclability with 70% capacity ...retention over 500 cycles at a 2C rate, and a superior rate capability with >75% capacity delivered even at a very high rate of 30 C (6000 mA g−1). These results open a new perspective to develop high‐capacity and high‐rate Na‐ion batteries for widespread electric‐energy‐storage applications.
Hard carbon is one of the most promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries, but the low Coulombic efficiency is still a key barrier. In this paper, a series of nanostructured hard carbon ...materials with controlled architectures is synthesized. Using a combination of in situ X‐ray diffraction mapping, ex situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron paramagnetic resonance, electrochemical techniques, and simulations, an “adsorption–intercalation” mechanism is established for Na ion storage. During the initial stages of Na insertion, Na ions adsorb on the defect sites of hard carbon with a wide adsorption energy distribution, producing a sloping voltage profile. In the second stage, Na ions intercalate into graphitic layers with suitable spacing to form NaC
x
compounds similar to the Li ion intercalation process in graphite, producing a flat low voltage plateau. The cation intercalation with a flat voltage plateau should be enhanced and the sloping region should be avoided. Guided by this knowledge, nonporous hard carbon material has been developed which has achieved high reversible capacity and Coulombic efficiency to fulfill practical application.
An “adsorption–intercalation” (A–I) mechanism is established for Na ion storage by using a combination of in situ X‐ray diffraction mapping, ex situ electron paramagnetic resonance, electrochemical techniques, and simulations. The “A–I” mechanism means that Na ions adsorb on the defect sites of hard carbon producing a sloping voltage profile and subsequently intercalate into graphitic layers producing a flat low voltage plateau in the second stage.
The Polycomb Repressor Complex (PRC) plays a pivotal role in gene regulation during development and disease, with dysregulation contributing significantly to various human cancers. The intricate ...interplay between PRC and cellular signaling pathways sheds light on cancer complexity. PRC presents promising therapeutic opportunities, with inhibitors undergoing rigorous evaluation in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we emphasize the critical role of PRC complex in gene regulation, particularly PcG proteins mediated chromatin compaction through phase separation. We also highlight the pathological implications of PRC complex dysregulation in various tumors, elucidating underlying mechanisms driving cancer progression. The burgeoning field of therapeutic strategies targeting PRC complexes, notably EZH2 inhibitors, has advanced significantly. However, we explore the need for combination therapies to enhance PRC targeted treatments efficacy, providing a glimpse into the future of cancer therapeutics.
Multisite phosphorylation is an important and common mechanism for finely regulating protein functions and subsequent cellular responses. However, this study is largely restricted by the difficulty ...to capture low-abundance multiply phosphorylated peptides (MPPs) from complex biosamples owing to the limitation of enrichment materials and their interactions with phosphates. Here we show that smart polymer can serve as an ideal platform to resolve this challenge. Driven by specific but tunable hydrogen bonding interactions, the smart polymer displays differential complexation with MPPs, singly phosphorylated and non-modified peptides. Importantly, MPP binding can be modulated conveniently and precisely by solution conditions, resulting in highly controllable MPP adsorption on material surface. This facilitates excellent performance in MPP enrichment and separation from model proteins and real biosamples. High enrichment selectivity and coverage, extraordinary adsorption capacities and recovery towards MPPs, as well as high discovery rates of unique phosphorylation sites, suggest its great potential in phosphoproteomics studies.Capture of low-abundance multiply phosphorylated peptides (MPPs) is difficult due to limitation of enrichment materials and their interactions with phosphates. Here the authors show, a smart polymer driven by specific but tunable hydrogen bonding interactions can differentially complex with MPPs, singly phosphorylated and non-modified peptides.
A novel zwitterionic stationary phase with high hydrophilicity was facilely synthesized based on the "thiol-ene" click reaction between cysteine and vinyl silica, which exhibited great potential in ...the separation of oligosaccharides, peptides and basic compounds, as well as in the enrichment of glycopeptides.
Sodium superionic conductors are keys to develop high safety and low cost all-solid-state sodium batteries. Among developed sodium ionic conductors, antiperovskite-type ionic conductors have ...attracted vast interest due to their high structural tolerance and good formability. Herein, we successfully synthesize Na3OBH4 with cubic antiperovskite structure by solid-state reaction from Na2O and NaBH4. Na3OBH4 exhibits ionic conductivity of 4.4 × 10–3 S cm–1 at room temperature (1.1 × 10–2 S cm–1 at 328 K) and activation energy of 0.25 eV. The ionic conductivity is 4 orders of magnitude higher than the existing antiperovskite Na3OX (X = Cl, Br, I). It is shown that such enhancement is not only due to the specific cubic antiperovskite structure of Na3OBH4 but also because of the rotation of BH4 cluster anion. This work deepens the understanding of the antiperovskite structure and the role of cluster anions for superionic conduction.
Protein post‐translational modifications (PTMs), which denote covalent additions of various functional groups (e.g., phosphate, glycan, methyl, or ubiquitin) to proteins, significantly increase ...protein complexity and diversity. PTMs play crucial roles in the regulation of protein functions and numerous cellular processes. However, in a living organism, native PTM proteins are typically present at substoichiometric levels, considerably impeding mass‐spectrometry‐based analyses and identification. Over the past decade, the demand for in‐depth PTM proteomics studies has spawned a variety of selective affinity materials capable of capturing trace amounts of PTM peptides from highly complex biosamples. However, novel design ideas or strategies are urgently required for fulfilling the increasingly complex and accurate requirements of PTM proteomics analysis, which can hardly be met by using conventional enrichment materials. Considering two typical types of protein PTMs, phosphorylation and glycosylation, an overview of polymeric enrichment materials is provided here, with an emphasis on the superiority of smart‐polymer‐based materials that can function in intelligent modes. Moreover, some smart separation materials are introduced to demonstrate the enticing prospects and the challenges of smart polymers applied in PTM proteomics.
Protein post‐translational modifications (PTMs) greatly increase protein complexity and dynamics and regulate a series of biological processes. However, protein PTM studies are severely hampered by the lack of highly efficient enrichment materials capable of capturing trace amounts of PTM peptides from highly complex biosamples. Utilizing reversible conformational transition of polymer chains in response to the binding of PTM peptides, smart polymers provide novel solutions to tackle these enrichment challenges.
Current battery systems have severe cost and resource restrictions, difficultly to meet the large scale electric storage applications. Herein, we report an all-organic Na-ion battery using p-dopable ...polytriphenylamine as cathode and n-type redox-active poly(anthraquinonyl sulphide) as anode, excluding the use of transition-metals as in conventional electrochemical batteries. Such a Na-ion battery can work well with a voltage output of 1.8 V and realize a considerable specific energy of 92 Wh kg(-1). Due to the structural flexibility and stability of the redox-active polymers, this battery has a superior rate capability with 60% capacity released at a very high rate of 16 C (3200 mA g(-1)) and also exhibit an excellent cycling stability with 85% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 8 C rate. Most significantly, this type of all-organic batteries could be made from renewable and earth-abundant materials, thus offering a new possibility for widespread energy storage applications.
Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) is a new solid electrolyte of the highest Li ionic conductivity reported as of now. An anisotropic 3D Li ionic transport network consisting of an ultrafast Li 1D diffusion tunnel ...and fast in-plane 2D pathways was previously predicted by molecular dynamics simulations. In this paper, we have studied in detail the Li ion dynamics in LGPS by multiple solid-state NMR methods. Two different Li motion processes, characterized by apparently different activation energies of 0.16 eV and 0.26 eV, were unambiguously probed by both 7Li and 31P solid-state NMR and assigned to Li ion diffusions in the 1D tunnel and in the 2D plane, respectively. 31P spin-locking relaxation measurement further reveals that interstitial position Li(4) is active for in-plane Li migration.
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