Sixty patients with probable atypical depression--defined as meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for depressive illness, having reactive mood, and having one of four associated symptoms ...(hyperphagia, hypersomnolence, leaden feeling, and sensitivity to rejection)--took part in a study contrasting phenelzine, imipramine, and placebo. Phenelzine was found to be superior to imipramine and placebo. These results were compared to results from a sample of 120 patients with identical characteristics, except that they had more than one associated atypical symptom (full atypical syndrome). The size of the drug effect was comparable in patients with full atypical and partial atypical syndromes.
Six of eight patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder had an exacerbation of symptoms when given m-chlorophenylpiperazine. Fenfluramine and placebo produced mild improvement. Six patients given ...intravenous clonidine experienced marked reduction in obsessions. Implications for serotonergic and noradrenergic hypotheses of obsessive-compulsive disorder are discussed.
The litle fre ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), is a stinging invasive ant that can establish extremely large, dominating populations in tropical and subtropical regions. ...In Florida, it is well established in south and central Florida with a reported northern limit of Marion County, Florida, USA. However, in 2018 to 2019 overwintering populations were discovered farther north in Gainesville, Florida, USA. There is a need to develop effectve management options suitable for the site uses of these recently discovered infestations. Most commercial imported fre ant baits are formulated on a corn grit carrier that, when exposed to moisture, is thought to compromise bait effectveness. Due to the humid and rainy summer weather in this region, the objectve of this study was to determine the acceptance and eficacy of water-soaked ant baits on W. auropunctata, some of which had purported moisture resistance. Bait acceptance tests conducted in the feld with dry baits determined that baits containing the actve ingredients spinosad and pyriproxyfen were accepted poorly, while W. auropunctata accepted both dry and wet baits containing hydramethylnon, metafumizone, indoxacarb, and abamectn. Laboratory colonies given access to either dry or wet baits exhibited significant declines in workers, brood, and queens with several colonies being eliminated. The results of this study indicated that water-soaked imported fre ant baits could control W. auropunctata, and moisture exposure did not cause baits to become unpalatable. However, these results should be validated under feld conditions, where precipitation may reduce the accessibility of baits to foraging ants.
Despite their apparent implications for social functioning, adult
attachment styles have never been specifically explored among persons with
social anxiety disorder. In the current study, a cluster
...analysis of the Revised Adult Attachment Scale
(
N. L. Collins, 1996
) revealed that 118 patients with social anxiety
were best represented by anxious and secure attachment style clusters.
Members of the anxious attachment cluster exhibited more severe social
anxiety and avoidance, greater depression, greater
impairment, and lower life satisfaction than members of the secure
attachment cluster. This pattern was replicated in a separate sample
of 56 patients and compared with the pattern found in 36 control
participants. Social anxiety mediated the association between
attachment insecurity and depression. Findings are discussed in the
context of their relevance to the etiology, maintenance, and
cognitive-behavioral treatment of social anxiety disorder.
The purpose of the study was to test the relative and combined efficacy of clomipramine and exposure and ritual prevention in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in adults. Serotonin ...reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and cognitive behavior therapy by exposure and ritual prevention are both established treatments for OCD, yet their relative and combined efficacy have not been demonstrated conclusively.
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial comparing exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, their combination (exposure and ritual prevention plus clomipramine), and pill placebo was conducted at one center expert in pharmacotherapy, another with expertise in exposure and ritual prevention, and a third with expertise in both modalities. Participants were adult outpatients (N=122 entrants) with OCD. Interventions included intensive exposure and ritual prevention for 4 weeks, followed by eight weekly maintenance sessions, and/or clomipramine administered for 12 weeks, with a maximum dose of 250 mg/day. The main outcome measures were the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale total score and response rates determined by the Clinical Global Impression improvement scale.
At week 12, the effects of all active treatments were superior to placebo. The effect of exposure and ritual prevention did not differ from that of exposure and ritual prevention plus clomipramine, and both were superior to clomipramine only. Treated and completer response rates were, respectively, 62% and 86% for exposure and ritual prevention, 42% and 48% for clomipramine, 70% and 79% for exposure and ritual prevention plus clomipramine, and 8% and 10% for placebo.
Clomipramine, exposure and ritual prevention, and their combination are all efficacious treatments for OCD. Intensive exposure and ritual prevention may be superior to clomipramine and, by implication, to monotherapy with the other SRIs.
This study examined the efficacy and tolerability of duloxetine 60-120 mg/day for the treatment of patients with generalized anxiety disorder. This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, ...flexible-dose, placebo and active-controlled (venlafaxine extended-release 75-225 mg/day) trial designed to assess duloxetine 60-120 mg/day during 10 weeks of treatment in adults with Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV-defined generalized anxiety disorder. The primary efficacy outcome measure was mean change from baseline to endpoint in the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale total score assessed using analysis of covariance. A total of 487 patients were randomly assigned to duloxetine (n=162), venlafaxine XR (n=164), or placebo (n=161). Significantly greater improvement on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale total score occurred in the duloxetine (P=0.007) and venlafaxine XR (P<0.001) groups compared with the placebo group. Overall discontinuation rates did not differ among the three groups, but adverse event-related discontinuation was significantly higher in the duloxetine (14.2%, P<0.001) and venlafaxine XR (11.0%, P=0.001) groups than in the placebo group (1.9%). During the 2-week drug-tapering phase, discontinuation-emergent adverse events were significantly greater in the venlafaxine XR group (26.9%, P=0.04), but not in the duloxetine group (19.4%, P=0.448) compared with placebo (15.8%). Duloxetine 60-120 mg/day and venlafaxine XR 75-225 mg/day were each efficacious treatments for patients with generalized anxiety disorder.
Regional brain activity was measured using quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) in six patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) during live and imaginal exposure to feared contaminants. ...OCD symptoms increased significantly from baseline levels during live and imaginal exposures. However, live exposure provoked significantly more OCD symptoms than imaginal exposure. There was a significant change in the anterior-to-posterior scalp distribution of alpha power during live exposure. These preliminary results suggest that: (1) live exposure is more effective than imaginal exposure in altering behavioral and electrophysiological measures; and (2) live exposure is associated with regional EEG changes in OCD.
The authors describe five patients with body-dysmorphic disorder who responded preferentially to serotonin reuptake blockers. They review the literature, describe how patients with excessive concern ...about body abnormalities lie along a spectrum of doubt and certainty, and discuss similarities and differences between this disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Ataque de nervios and panic disorder Liebowitz, M R; Salmán, E; Jusino, C M ...
The American journal of psychiatry,
06/1994, Letnik:
151, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Ataque de nervios ("attack of nerves") is an illness category used frequently by Hispanic individuals to describe one or more particular symptom complexes. A review of the literature on ataque ...suggested some overlap with panic disorder. This study investigated the overlap with panic disorder as well as other DSM-III-R axis I disorders.
Hispanic subjects seeking treatment at an anxiety disorders clinic (N = 156) were assessed with a specially designed questionnaire for self-report of ataque de nervios and panic symptoms and with structured or semistructured psychiatric interviews for axis I disorders.
Seventy percent of the subjects reported at least one ataque de nervios; 80% of these were female, whereas 57% of the group without these attacks were female. There were no differences in DSM-III-R diagnoses between the groups with and without ataque de nervios. Ataque was frequently associated with one or more anxiety and affective disorders, including panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, recurrent major depression, and anxiety not otherwise specified. Of the 45 subjects with both ataque de nervios and primary panic disorder, 80% appeared to have labeled panic disorder as ataque. Ataque de nervios was associated with panic symptoms even in subjects without panic disorder, but the self-reporting of ataque conveyed additional clinical information about the subjects with panic disorder. Ataque de nervios was similar in frequency and symptoms among subjects of Dominican and Puerto Rican origin.
Ataque de nervios overlaps with panic disorder but is a more inclusive construct. Further study of its interrelation with axis I disorders is needed.
