Cardiovascular diseases have continued to remain a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Poor proliferation capability of adult cardiomyocytes disables the heart from regenerating new ...myocardium after a myocardial ischaemia event and therefore weakens the heart in the long term, which may result in heart failure and death. Delivery of cardioprotective therapeutics soon after the event can help to protect the heart from further cell death and improve cardiac function, but delivery methods and potential side effects of these therapeutics may be an issue. Advances in nanotechnology, particularly nanoparticles for drug delivery, have enabled researchers to obtain better drug targeting capability, thus increasing the therapeutic outcome. Detailed study of nanoparticles in vivo is useful as it can provide insight for future treatments. Nanogel can help to create a more favourable environment, not only for a sustained delivery of therapeutics, but also for a better navigation of the therapeutics to the targeted sites. Finally, if the damage to the myocardium is too severe for drug treatment, nanopatch can help to improve cardiac function and healing by becoming a platform for pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to grow for the purpose of cell-based regenerative therapy.
Frailty increases the risks of hospitalization, injury, fall, psychological disorders, and death in older adults. Accurate estimation of the prevalence of frailty is crucial for promoting health in ...these individuals. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of frailty and prefrailty in older adults residing in Indonesia.
In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, six electronic databases were searched (without any language restriction) for relevant articles from inception to February 2023. Studies on the prevalence of frailty and prefrailty in older adults (age ≥ 60 years) residing in Indonesia were included in the analysis. A random-effects model was selected a priori because of the expected high degree of heterogeneity in the study, followed by sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression. The protocol of this review study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022381132).
A total of 79 studies were identified, of which 20 were finally included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of frailty and prefrailty in older adults in Indonesia was 26.8% and 55.5%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of frailty and prefrailty was 37.9% and 44.8% in nursing homes, 26.3% and 61.4% in hospitals, and 21.1% and 59.6% in community settings, respectively. Furthermore, the pooled prevalence of frailty and prefrailty was 21.6% and 64.3%, 18.7% and 62%, and 27.8% and 59.8% in studies using the Frailty Index-40, FRAIL, and Fried Frailty Phenotype questionnaires, respectively. However, the parameters did not vary significantly across measurement tools or study settings. Publication bias was not detected while the year of data collection influenced the heterogeneity between the studies.
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first meta-analysis to report the prevalence of frailty and prefrailty in older adults residing in Indonesia. The gradual increase in the number of older adults with frailty or prefrailty in Indonesia is concerning. Therefore, the government, private sectors, health-care professionals, and the community must jointly design effective strategies and policies to address this problem.
This study explores team-level mechanisms linking team regulatory focus and team creativity. Drawing on the team self-regulation perspective and regulatory fit theory, the mediating roles of team ...exploratory and exploitative learning and the moderating effect of team bureaucracy were examined. Team-level analyses conducted on data captured from the leaders and members of 135 teams. The results showed that team exploratory learning mediates the relationship between team promotion focus and team radical creativity, whereas team exploitative learning mediates the relationship between team prevention focus and incremental creativity. Furthermore, the team bureaucratic context, including centralization and formalization, moderated the indirect relationship between team regulatory focus and team creativity. The findings improve understanding of why team regulatory focus differentially contributes to team radical and incremental creativity. The findings also provide meaningful insight into the role of team bureaucracy in the team regulatory focus–team creativity relationship.
We developed a multi‐level model to test how team cultural diversity may relate to team‐ and individual‐level creativity, integrating team diversity research and information‐exchange perspective. We ...proposed that the team climate for inclusion would moderate both the relationship between cultural diversity and team information sharing and between cultural diversity and employee information elaboration. We collected time‐lagged data from 384 members and their leaders within 57 multicultural work teams. The results showed that team cultural diversity was positively related to both team creativity and individual creativity through team information sharing and employee information elaboration, respectively. We also found that the indirect positive relationship with team creativity and individual creativity was stronger for team cultural diversity when climate for inclusion of multicultural work teams was stronger.
Limited research has explored the potential explanatory mechanisms for the link between abusive leadership and non-negative employee-based behaviors in the effectiveness of organizational management. ...Based on affective response theory to construct a theoretical model, this study enhances the mapping of how employee-perceived abusive leadership triggers employee affective responses and influences their political behaviors to facilitate task-related goals. It also investigates how the moderating effects of employee-perceived leader's narcissistic personality interact with the variables of the main effects. This study was implemented in Taiwan's financial and insurance institutions. Using a sampling framework via a market survey agency, participants completed three online surveys within a 3-week period. 350 employed participants registered for the study. Based on the findings, we suggest that managers in a hierarchical organization may be able to intentionally vary their leadership style to arouse employees' negative emotions without hindering, and perhaps even improving, employees' motivation to achieve their task aims. When leaders demonstrate their self-confidence in the workplace, employees perceive less anxiety at work and less need to adopt workplace political behaviors to solve work troubles. This research suggests managers should recognize employee-perceived abusive leadership as an influential factor that contributes to illuminating the processes underlying workplace perception-to-behavior and leader–member interactive links, as well as the boundary conditions of mediating and moderating these processes.
Background
Patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) are more likely to have persistent depression, yet whether depression and antidepressant treatments are associated with subsequent risk of FD remain ...unclear.
Methods
Using population‐based insurance administrative data of Taiwan, an 11‐year historic cohort study was assembled, comparing cases aged 18 and above with the diagnosis of depressive disorder, to a propensity score‐matched sample of adults without depression. Incident FD as a primary diagnosis was ascertained. Hazard ratios of FD were calculated using Cox regression models by age, gender, other comorbidities, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory medications, antidepressants and antidiabetic agents.
Results
A total of 20,197 people with depressive disorder and 20,197 propensity score‐matched comparisons without depression were followed up. The incidence of FD was 1.7‐fold greater in the depressive cohort than in comparisons (12.9 versus 7.57 per 1000 person‐years), with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 2.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.93~2.41). Increased risks were significant regardless of comorbidities or medication uses, the highest in the untreated depression group compared to the group without depression, with an aHR of 2.51(95% CI 2.15~2.93).
Conclusions
This population‐based study showed that patients with depressive disorder are at elevated risk of FD. Antidepressant treatment could reduce the risk of FD.
PurposeBased on the broaden-and-build theory, this study aims to clarify that the relationship between extraversion and service outcomes will be mediated by work vigor, and that, in turn, this ...mediating effect will be moderated by coworker support. Specifically, the authors examine vigor as an attitudinal resource to drive organizational performance.Design/methodology/approachThis research collected 181 valid questionnaires from service industries through a two-wave survey. The authors used hierarchical regression analysis to conduct each hypothesis test. Owing to the conditional mediating effect, the authors differentiated each variable centering and used the fractional number and the product as the predictor variable, moderator, and interaction effects after centering.FindingsThe relationships between extraversion and customer orientation and service performance mediated by work vigor in that the indirect relationships are stronger when perceived coworker support is higher than is lower.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies are suggested to probe into different forms of social support (e.g. family support), mechanisms of coworker support (e.g. task-related vs. non-task-related assistance), and different workplace contexts.Practical implicationsExtraversion, as a personality trait, is a significant reference index to examine an applicant's qualifications during recruitment, particularly in service organizations. Appropriate job assistance and emotional conciliation from coworkers can effectively facilitate employees' work vigor and service outputs.Originality/valuePrevious studies suggested the influence of different personality traits on different dimensions of work engagement. Accordingly, investigation indicates that extraversion can effectively predict work vigor which is an important attitude of willingness to put personal efforts at work to facilitate frontline service outcomes.
By recognizing the distinct effects of team- and individual-level diversity on individual and team creativity, our study would benefit to existing understanding of the effects of diversity. ...Specifically, this study investigates a novel contrasting effect in which team-level expertise diversity is positively associated with individual creativity, but individual-level expertise dissimilarity negatively affects individual creativity. It further investigates whether this divergent effect is moderated by employee social skills, which mitigate the negative effects of individual expertise dissimilarity, and by leader social behavior, which can weaken the positive effect of team expertise diversity. Data were collected from 368 members of 57 research and development (R&D) teams in two high-technology companies in Taiwan, and support the research hypotheses, providing a clear view of the complex relationships that team- and individual-level diversity have with creativity. The effects of diversity on creativity in teams can be differentiated based on both team- and individual-level diversity and such distinct effects will be moderated by employee social skills and leader social behavior.
Abstract
Increased prevalence of sleep disorders has been found in patients with functional dyspepsia; however, direction of causality remains unclear. Our aim was to compare the risk of incident ...functional dyspepsia between patients with and without sleep disturbance from a large population-based sample. Utilizing a nation-wide health insurance administrative dataset, we assembled an 11-year historic cohort study to compare subsequent incidence of diagnosed functional dyspepsia between adult patients with any diagnosis of sleep disturbance and age- and gender-matched controls. Hazard ratios adjusted for other relevant comorbidities and medications were calculated using Cox regression models. 45,310 patients with sleep disorder and 90,620 controls were compared. Patients with sleep apnea had a 3.3-fold (95% confidence interval: 2.82 ~ 3.89) increased hazard of functional dyspepsia compared with controls. This increased risk persisted regardless of previously diagnosed depression coexisted. Sleep disturbance was associated with an increased risk of subsequent functional dyspepsia. Potential mechanisms are discussed.
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