Purely organic room temperature phosphorescence, especially in aqueous solution, is attracting increasing attention owing to its large Stokes shift, long lifetime, low preparation cost, low toxicity, ...good processing performance advantages, and broad application value. This review mainly focuses on macrocyclic (cyclodextrin and cucurbituril) hosts, nanoassembly, and macromolecule (polyether) confinement-driven RTP. As an optical probe, the assembly and the two-stage assembly strategy can realize the confined purely organic RTP and achieve energy transfer and light-harvesting from fluorescence to delayed fluorescence or phosphorescence. This supramolecular assembly is widely applied for luminescent materials, cell imaging, and other fields because it effectively avoids oxygen quenching. In addition, the near-infrared excitation, near-infrared emission, and
in situ
imaging of purely organic room temperature phosphorescence in assembled confinement materials are also prospected.
Purely organic room temperature phosphorescence, especially in aqueous solution, is attracting increasing attention owing to its large Stokes shift, long lifetime, low preparation cost, low toxicity, good processing performance advantages, and broad application value.
Maternal body mass index is linked to short- and long-term unfavorable health outcomes both for child and mother. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies ...to evaluate maternal BMI and the risk of harmful neonatal outcomes in China.
Six databases identified 2454 articles; 46 met the inclusion criteria for this study. The dichotomous data on maternal BMI and harmful neonatal outcomes were extracted. Pooled statistics (odds ratios, ORs) were derived from Stata/SE, ver. 12.0. Sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of the results. Meta-regression and subgroup meta-analyses explored heterogeneity.
The meta-analysis revealed that compared with normal BMI, high maternal BMI is associated with fetal overgrowth, defined as macrosomia ≥4000 g (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.75-2.09); birth weight ≥ 90% for gestational age (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.64-2.15); and increased risk of premature birth (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.25-2.52) and neonatal asphyxia (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.39-2.17). Maternal underweight increased the risk of low birth weight (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.33-1.93) and small for gestational age (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.51-2.02).
Raised as well as low pre-pregnancy BMI is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Management of weight during pregnancy might help reduce their adverse neonatal outcomes in future intervention studies or programmes.
In this work, Au nanoparticle (AuNP) arrays on shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) substrates serve as flexible materials for tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). AuNP arrays prepared by ...diblock copolymer self-assembly are transferred from rigid silicon wafers onto flexible SMPU substrates with ultrasonic treatment rather than peeling off directly. The resultant AuNP array SMPU films have excellent mechanical properties and stable thermodynamic properties. The LSPR arising from AuNP arrays is increased by negative bending on SMPU substrates, whereas the LSPR is decreased by positive bending. Besides, upon uniaxial tension, the vertical LSPR is increased first then decreased, whereas the parallel LSPR is similar, resulting in the overall LSPR of AuNP arrays being increased first and then decreased with the mechanical uniaxial tension of SMPU. Moreover, the resultant AuNP array SMPU films exhibit excellent flexibility, stability, and homogeneity in practical surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) application. This approach of incorporating AuNP arrays on SMPU substrates for tuning plasmonic properties have great potential applications in SERS, fluorescence enhancement, and newly optoelectronic materials.
Herein this study, plasmonic‐patterned nanostructures are applied to fabricate unclonable anti‐counterfeiting labels. Patterned Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) are constructed by the skillful combination of ...diblock copolymer polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (PS‐b‐P4VP) self‐assembly with shadow mask lithography to provide a simple and universal approach for large‐area fabrication of patterned nanostructures. The AuNP pattern can be made visible by increasing the nanoparticle size. A surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)‐based physical unclonable function (PUF) security label with a large encoding capacity is fabricated by depositing malachite green (MG) on the surface. The broadening of the size distribution of the AuNPs after their growth and the increased disorder in their arrangement confer the security label with unique and unclonable characteristics. The as‐prepared optical PUF security label is read out by a confocal Raman spectrometer to extract binary codes, which are then authenticated through comparison. These SERS‐based PUF security labels, which combine patterning with stochastic spectral encoding, not only provide rich and diverse patterns but are also promising for anti‐counterfeiting applications in areas such as rigid silicon‐based optoelectronic materials and devices.
Through the deposition of malachite green, plasmonic‐patterned Au nanoparticles fabricated using block copolymer self‐assembly and shadow mask lithography are applied in a surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy‐based PUF security label. Authentication for distinguishing genuine products from counterfeit ones is realized by read‐out using a confocal Raman spectrometer and the extraction and comparison of binary codes.
Dysregulated vascular inflammation is the underlying cause of acute lung inflammation/injury (ALI). Bacterial infections and trauma cause ALI that may rapidly lead to acute respiratory distress ...syndrome (ARDS). There are no pharmacological therapies available to patients with ALI/ARDS, partially as drugs cannot specifically target the lungs. Herein, we developed a stimuli-responsive nanoparticle (NP) to target inflammatory lungs for ALI therapies. The NP is composed of a sharp acid-sensitive segment poly(β-amino esters) as a core for drug loading and controlled release and a polyethylene glycol-biotin on the particle surface available for bioconjugation, enabling lung targeting and extended circulation. The studies on dissipative particle dynamics simulation and characteristics of NPs suggest that anti-ICAM-1 antibodies can be coated to the particle surface and this coating is required to enhance lung targeting of NPs. A model drug of anti-inflammatory agent TPCA-1 is encapsulated in NPs with a high drug-loading content at 24% (w/w). In the mouse ALI model, our TPCA-1-loaded NPs coated with anti-ICAM-1 can target inflamed lungs after intravenous injection, followed by drug release triggered by the acid environment, thus mitigating lung inflammation and injury. Our studies reveal the rational design of nanotherapeutics for improved therapy of ALI, which may be applied to treating a wide range of vascular inflammation.
Estimating deep geothermal reservoir temperatures is an essential mission of geothermal exploration and development. The thermal reservoir temperature estimated directly using geothermometry without ...comparative analysis is often far from the actual temperature. In this paper, taking the typical geothermal systems in the Xiamen Island–Zhangzhou area of southeastern China as an example, different methods such as a water–rock equilibrium analysis, SiO2 geothermometer, multi-mineral equilibrium diagram, and silica-enthalpy mixing model are used to make a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the chemical equilibrium of minerals and fluids in the geothermal system. Finally, the applicability of different methods was compared and analyzed, and the geothermal reservoir temperature was estimated using the appropriate method. The results show that the calculated results of the Si-enthalpy mixing model of a typical geothermal system in southeastern China are significantly high. At the same time, the SiO2 geothermometer (without vapor loss), which is closest to the results of the multi-mineral equilibrium diagram, was chosen as the geothermal reservoir temperature of the geothermal system in the study area. This study can provide a reference for the future selection of methods of deep geothermal reservoir temperature estimation in similar areas.
Background and aim
Laparoscopic treatment of ectopic pregnancy mainly includes laparoscopic salpingotomy and salpingectomy. We aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of laparoscopic salpingotomy and ...salpingectomy on patients with tubal pregnancy.
Methods
From January 2000 through June 2022, the Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Chinese Biomedicine Database were searched for studies that compared the therapeutic effect of laparoscopic salpingotomy vs. salpingectomy in the treatment of tubal pregnancy.
Results
Twenty-four randomized clinical trials (RCTs) studies were incorporated into this analysis. No statistical differences were found between the two groups in terms of operation duration and postoperative hospitalize length, but the volume of intraoperative blood loss in patients with laparoscopic salpingotomy was less than that in salpingectomy. Importantly, the natural intrauterine pregnancy rate after laparoscopic salpingotomy was significantly higher than those who underwent salpingectomy. In addition, laparoscopic salpingotomy can better protect the ovarian reserve function and endocrine function and provide favorable conditions for the second pregnancy.
Conclusion
Patients with ectopic tubal pregnancy should give priority to laparoscopic salpingotomy for embryo extraction.
In this paper, the aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) containing n-ethylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (EPyBF4), sodium-based salts, and water were studied and the extraction efficiency of 2-chlorophenol ...was measured to study the ATPS performance in extracting phenolic compounds. The binodal curves of EPyBF4 + sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) ATPS and EPyBF4 + sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) ATPS have been determined at 308.15 K, 318.15 K, and 328.15 K and atmospheric pressure. After getting good correlation with Merchuk equation, the binodal curves together with gravimetric method were used to calculate the tie-lines data. Furthermore, the reliability of tie-lines data was verified using Othmer-Tobias and Bancroft equations. Then, the salt influence and temperature influence on the phase behavior were discussed and the results show the salt-outing ability of Na2CO3 is better than NaH2PO4. With the aim of studying the ATPS performance in extracting phenolic compounds, extraction efficiency for 2-chlorophenol at different temperatures were studied and the results show that EPyBF4 + Na2CO3 ATPS is preferred than EPyBF4 + NaH2PO4 ATPS in applications.
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The coal-dominated energy structure in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region has caused serious air pollution and contradicts the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system. ...Substituting geothermal energy for fossil energy such as coal can effectively alleviate this problem. Located in the hinterland of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Jizhong Depression is rich in geothermal resources and has great development potential, though the degree of current development and utilization is not high. Vigorously developing geothermal energy can not only effectively alleviate the air pollution problem in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, but also optimize the regional energy structure. Geothermal reservoir temperature determines the development and utilization value of geothermal resources, and accurate evaluation of the geothermal reservoir temperature of geothermal resources can provide a reliable basis for the subsequent development of geothermal resources in the Jizhong Depression. Aiming at the commonly used sandstone geothermal reservoir and carbonate geothermal reservoir in the Jizhong Depression, this paper collected 24 sandstone geothermal reservoir geothermal fluids and 14 carbonate geothermal reservoir geothermal fluids in the central-southern area of the Jizhong Depression and a water chemistry test was carried out. According to the test results of water chemistry, the temperature of the geothermal reservoir is estimated by using the cation geothermometer, the SiO2 geothermometer and the multi-mineral equilibrium method, and it is compared with the actual temperature measurement results of the boreholes. The results show that the direct use of a geothermal geothermometer for calculation will cause large errors. Through water–rock balance analysis, the use of a Na-K-Mg balance diagram, SiO2 and 1000/T relationship diagram and Na/K and 1000/T relationship diagram can determine whether the geothermal fluid is suitable for the geothermometer, which can effectively reduce the error. The chalcedony geothermometer in the central and southern part of the Jizhong Depression is the most suitable. The multi-mineral balance method, the Na-K geothermometer and the K-Mg geothermometer have also achieved good results, while the quartz and Na-K-Ca geothermometers are not suitable for the south-central Jizhong Depression area.
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