An intermolecular asymmetric dearomatization reaction of β‐naphthols with nitroethylene through a chiral‐thiourea‐catalyzed Michael reaction is described. Enantioenriched functionalized ...β‐naphthalenones with an all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center could thus be easily constructed from simple naphthol derivatives in good yields and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 79 % yield, 98 % ee).
An intermolecular asymmetric dearomatization reaction of β‐naphthols with nitroethylene through a chiral‐thiourea‐catalyzed Michael reaction is described. Enantioenriched functionalized β‐naphthalenones with an all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center were easily constructed in good yields and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 79 % yield, 98 % ee).
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•Polystyrene-nanoplastics (PS-NPs) enhance antioxidant activity and activate carbon metabolism.•The difference in root-related gene expressions is induced by PS-NPs.•Jasmonate and ...lignin biosynthesis are inhibited by PS-NPs treatments.•Exogenous JA application alleviates potential adverse effects of PS-NPs on rice seedlings.
Potential adverse effects of nanoplastics (NPs) on marine organisms have received increased attention in recent years. In contrast, few data are available on terrestrial plants, especially on the mechanisms for transport of NPs in plants and phytotoxicity (at both phenotypic and molecular levels) of plants induced by NPs. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a microcosm study in which hydroponically-cultured rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings were exposed to polystyrene (PS)-NPs at 0, 10, 50, and 100 mg L−1 for 16 d and examined for morphological and physiological phenotypes and transcriptomics. Laser confocal scanning micrographs confirmed PS-NPs were uptaken by rice roots, greatly benefitted from the transport activity of aquaporin in rice roots. The significant enhancement (p < 0.05) of antioxidant enzyme activities reflected the oxidative stress response of rice roots upon exposure to PS-NPs. Treatment by PS-NPs decreased root length and increased lateral root numbers. Carbon metabolism was activated (e.g., increased carbon and soluble sugar contents) whereas jasmonic acid and lignin biosynthesis were inhibited. The present study demonstrated the likelihood for transport of PS-NPs in rice roots and induced phytotoxicity by PS-NPs, which should inspire further investigations into the potential human health risks from rice consumption.
Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction is one of the leading complications of sepsis, contributing to the high morbidity and mortality of septic patients. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that ...autophagy and pyroptosis may be involved in septic cardiac dysfunction. In this study, we examined the impact of zinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1) on sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction via regulating pyroptosis and autophagy.
Mice with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis was constructed in vivo. Myocardial injury was assessed by H&E staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for NLRP3, caspase 1, and interleukin (IL)-1β, as well as ELISA assay for serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), CK-MB, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-1β. Primary cardiomyocytes exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were established to simulate sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction in vitro. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay and concentration of TNF-α and IL-1β was measured by ELISA. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescent staining and western blotting were performed to assess pyroptosis and autophagy. The transcriptional regulation of SP1 on ZFAS1 was determined using ChIP assay. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the ZFAS1/miR-590–3p interaction. Besides, activation of AMPK/mTOR signaling was detected using western blotting.
Highly expressed ZFAS1 was observed in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction in the in vivo and in vitro model. Knockdown of ZFAS1 robustly abolished LPS-induced pyroptosis and attenuated the inhibition of autophagy. SP1 was identified to be an essential transcription factor to positively regulate ZFAS1 expression. Moreover, miR-590–3p functioned as a downstream effector to reverse ZFAS1-mediated sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. AMPK/mTOR signaling was involved in miR-590-3p-regulated autophagy and pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the regulatory network of ZFAS1/miR-590–3p on AMPK/mTOR signaling was verified in vivo.
ZFAS1, activated by SP1, aggravates the progression of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction via targeting miR-590–3p/AMPK/mTOR signaling-mediated autophagy and pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes.
Ring oscillator (RO)-based physical unclonable function (PUF) is an emerging hardware security primitive but its response reproducibility is susceptible to changes in operating conditions and device ...aging. Present solutions to increase RO PUF reliability either incur large hardware overhead or require sophisticated RO selection algorithm. This paper exploits the optimal biasing of current starved (CS) inverter for the design of RO PUF with very high reliability against both temperature and voltage variations. With two additional transistors, the CS inverter can be adaptively biased at idle time and in active mode to significantly reduce the overall stress, making the proposed CS RO PUF robust against both environmental condition variations and aging. Without using error correction code, the reliability is further improved by a low-cost proximity detector circuit with a small sacrifice on challenge-response pair space. The correlation between successive RO pairs of different input challenges is also broken by an irregular clocking of the linear feedback shift register used to encipher the input challenges. Based on Monte Carlo simulation in TSMC 40-nm CMOS process, the reliability of native PUF responses has been raised substantially from 89.78% for the regular RO PUF to 95.88% for the proposed CS RO PUF over a broad temperature range of -40°C to 120 °C and ± 20% supply variation. With the proximity detector, the proposed Aging-resistant Current-starved RO (ACRO) PUF can attain 100% reliability statistically by discarding 34.47% fewer challenge-response pairs than the regular RO PUF. It is also ~3.7x more aging resilient than existing aging-resilient RO PUFs with ~2.38x lower power dissipation.
Climate change is one of the most important global problems faced by the international community. It is generally believed that increasing the consumption of renewable energy is an effective measure ...to promote CO2 emissions reduction. Therefore, renewable energy consumption has become one of the best alternative strategies for sustainable development. Based on this, this paper employs the 3SLS model to conduct an empirical study on the relations among real output, renewable energy consumption, and CO2 emissions of BRICS countries (except Russia) in 1999–2014. The empirical results support, for BRICS group, the complete tri-variate relationships (energy-output-emission nexus), and renewable energy had a significant positive impact on the real output, and vice versa. Besides, compared with other countries, Brazil also has the same tri-variate relationships as BRICS group. However, China has no relationship from real output to renewable energy consumption and from real output to CO2 emissions; India does not have the relationship from real output to renewable energy consumption and the bilateral relationship between real output and CO2 emissions; the relationship between variables in South Africa only occurs in the energy output chain. Finally, according to the estimation results of the simultaneous equation, the BRICs governments should consider the importance of human capital level and financial development when controlling the real output level and pollution. In addition, it should be noted that effective energy policies help to reduce carbon dioxide emissions without compromising real output.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have critical regulatory roles in tumorigenesis. lncRNA LINC01561 (LINC01561) is a newly identified tumor‐related lncRNA and its dysregulation has ...been demonstrated in several tumors. However, whether LINC01561 is involved in the progression of non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we first provided evidence that LINC01561 expressions were distinctly upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Combining with bioinformatics assays and mechanism experiments, our group demonstrated that LINC01561 was activated by SOX2 in NSCLC. Clinical research revealed that upregulation of LINC01561 was related to poorer clinicopathologic features and shorter survival time. Functionally, suppression of LINC01561 exhibited tumor‐suppressive functions through impairing cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as inducing apoptosis. Moreover, we verified that LINC01561 could directly bind to miR‐760, isolating miR‐760 from its target gene SHC SH2 domain‐binding protein 1 (SHCBP1). We also found that SHCBP1 was lowly expressed in NSCLC and served as a tumor promoter. A functional study indicated that LINC01561 regulated SHCBP1 expression by competitively binding to miR‐760. In summary, our findings indicated that SOX2‐induced overexpression of LINC01561 promoted the proliferation and metastasis by acting as a competing endogenous RNA to modulate SHCBP1 by sponging miR‐760.
We identified a novel lung cancer‐related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), lncRNA LINC01561, and also reported its expression pattern, clinical significance, and possible fucntion in lung cancer.
Carbon dots (CDs) are a type of carbon‐based luminescent material with a zero‐dimensional structure and a size of less than 10 nm, which are composed of sp2/sp3 hybrid carbon nuclei and surface ...functional groups. Because CDs has strong photoluminescence and good light absorption in the ultraviolet and near visible regions, it is an excellent candidate for photocatalytic applications. However, the use of nonmetallic doped CDs as photosensitizers for direct photocatalytic organic reactions has been limited to several scattered reports. Herein, we present nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) that has a capability for not only produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion radical (O2⋅−) and singlet oxygen (1O2), but also provide an unprecedented high activity of dehalogenative oxyalkylation of styrene with a yield of 93 %. This work develops a novel opportunity to utilize cost‐effective and easily accessible CDs for the advancement of photocatalysis.
We designed and fabricated nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) by using citric acid and diethylenetriamine in a solvothermal method. N‐CDs has excellent ability to generate 1O2 and O2⋅− under irradiation and was further employed as photocatalysts to promote the high selectivity of dehalogenative oxyalkylation of styrene under the mediation of oxygen.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered to mediate plant growth and development. However, whether H2S regulates the adaptation of mangrove plant to intertidal flooding habitats is not well understood. ...In this study, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) was used as an H2S donor to investigate the effect of H2S on the responses of mangrove plant Avicennia marina to waterlogging. The results showed that 24‐h waterlogging increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death in roots. Excessive mitochondrial ROS accumulation is highly oxidative and leads to mitochondrial structural and functional damage. However, the application of NaHS counteracted the oxidative damage caused by waterlogging. The mitochondrial ROS production was reduced by H2S through increasing the expressions of the alternative oxidase genes and increasing the proportion of alternative respiratory pathway in the total mitochondrial respiration. Secondly, H2S enhanced the capacity of the antioxidant system. Meanwhile, H2S induced Ca2+ influx and activated the expression of intracellular Ca2+‐sensing‐related genes. In addition, the alleviating effect of H2S on waterlogging can be reversed by Ca2+ chelator and Ca2+ channel blockers. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence to explain the role of H2S in waterlogging adaptation in mangrove plants from the mitochondrial aspect.
Summary statement
H2S reduces mitochondrial ROS production by increasing the expressions of the alternative oxidase gene (AOX) and increases the proportion of alternative respiratory pathway in the total respiration, while H2S alleviates the mitochondrial structural damages including loss of bilayer membranes and blurring of mitochondrial cristae, and functional damages such as decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), membrane permeability transition pores opening, Cyt c release and the blockage of electron transfer along the mitochondrial electron transport chain caused by waterlogging‐induced oxidative stress. Secondly, H2S enhances the capacity of the antioxidant system through upregulating the expression of SOD, CAT, and APX genes to scavenge excess ROS. Last, H2S induces Ca2+ influx in the roots under waterlogging. Our results provide the better understanding of the role of H2S in adaptation of mangrove plants to the coastal intertidal environment from the mitochondrial aspect.
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is known to be involved in both developmental and adult angiogenesis; however, its role in tumor angiogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, the role of ...vascular CXCR4 in regulating vascular structure in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was assessd, and the clinical value of CXCR4 was explored.
The expression of CXCR4 in HCC was determined by IHC and immunofluorescence. Characteristics of CXCR4
cells were determined by
and mice experiments. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to determine the correlation of CXCR4 expression with prognosis.
We found that CXCR4 is selectively expressed on a fraction of tumor endothelial cells (TECs) in HCC tissues, but not on the hepatic endothelium in peritumoral area. High levels of CXCR4 on TECs tended to develop a sinusoidal vasculature in tumors and predicted poor prognosis for patients with HCC. CXCR4
endothelial cells (EC) displayed the functional features of tip cells, with increased expression of tip cell-related markers. Functional studies revealed that CXCR4 could directly promote vessel sprouting
and
Interestingly, sorafenib treatment reduced the frequency of CXCR4
ECs in culture and inhibited the formation of sinusoidal vasculature and growth of CXCR4
xenograft tumors. Moreover, high CXCR4 vascular density in resected tumor tissues before sorafenib treatment was associated with prolonged survival in patients with advanced HCC treated with sorafenib.
These data revealed that CXCR4 is a novel HCC vascular marker for vessel sprouting and could serve as a potential therapeutic target and a predictive factor for sorafenib treatment in patients with HCC.
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