Human behavior has the positive and negative impact on ecosystem. To study the interaction between ecosystem and behavior system, per-capita energy ecological footprint (EEF) is selected as the ...ecosystem threshold. Elasticity coefficient of environmental investment (ECEI) and elasticity coefficient of energy consumption (ECEC) represent the positive and negative human impact on ecosystem, respectively. It takes Shanghai, China as the empirical area to implement grey relational analysis of per-capita EEF (consist of coal, coke, fuel oil, and electricity), ECEC and ECEI from 1978 to 2010. The grey correlation coefficients show that negative behavior of energy consumption has the closer influence on the ecosystem than positive behavior of environmental protection. Electricity is the most significant factor of the energy consumption and the highest sensitive indicator to the environmental capital input–output. From the perspective of government policy, “energy saving” is more efficient than “emission reduction”. Reducing the negative activities is imminent in the current process of development.
► We demonstrate the interaction between ecosystem and behavior system by grey analysis. ► We calculate the grey correlation coefficients between ECEI, ECEC and EEF in Shanghai. ► Electricity is the key indicator to energy consumption and environmental protection. ► Negative behavior has more significant impact on ecosystem than positive behavior. ► Reducing the negative activities is imminent in the current process of development
Enormous efforts have been devoted to the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) by utilizing various driving forces, such as heat, electricity, and radiation. However, the efficient reduction of CO2 is ...still challenging because of sluggish kinetics. Recent pioneering studies from several groups, including us, have demonstrated that the coupling of solar energy and thermal energy offers a novel and promising strategy to promote the activity and/or manipulate selectivity in CO2 reduction. Herein, we clarify the definition and principles of coupling solar energy and thermal energy, and comprehensively review the status and prospects of CO2 reduction by coupling solar energy and thermal energy. Catalyst design, reactor configuration, photo‐mediated activity/selectivity, and mechanism studies in photo‐thermo CO2 reduction will be emphasized. The aim of this Review is to promote understanding towards CO2 activation and provide guidelines for the design of new catalysts for the efficient reduction of CO2.
A bundle of energy: The coupling of solar energy and thermal energy is a promising strategy to mediate the activity and/or selectivity of CO2 reduction. The status and prospects of this topic are reviewed, with the aim of providing guidelines for the design of new catalysts.
Heat waves (HWs) and urban heat islands (UHIs) can potentially interact. The mechanisms behind their synergy are not fully disclosed. Starting from the localized UHI phenomenon, this study aims i) to ...reveal their associated impacts on human thermal comfort through three different definitions of HW events, based on air temperature (airT), wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and human-perceived temperature (AppT) respectively, and ii) to understand the role of air moisture and wind. The analysis was conducted in four districts (NH, JD, MH and XJH) with different urban development patterns and geographic conditions, in the megacity of Shanghai with a subtropical humid climate.
Results evidenced the localized interplay between HWs and UHIs. The results indicate that less urbanized districts were generally more sensitive to the synergies. JD district recorded the highest urban heat island intensity (UHII) amplification, regardless of the specific HW definition. Notably, during AppT-HWs, the increment was observed in terms of maximum (1.3 °C), daily average (0.8 °C), diurnal (0.4 °C) and nocturnal UHII (1.0 °C). Nevertheless, localized synergies between HWs and UHIs at different stations also exhibited some commonalities. Under airT-HW, the UHII was amplified throughout the day at all stations. Under WBGT-HW, diurnal UHII (especially at 11:00–17:00 LST) was consistently amplified at all stations. Under AppT-HW conditions, the nocturnal UHII was slightly amplified at all stations. Air moisture and wind alleviated the synergistic heat exacerbation to the benefit of thermal comfort. The extent depended on geographic condition, diurnal and nocturnal scenarios, temperature type and HW/normal conditions. Stronger HW-UHI synergies indicate the necessity to develop specific urban heat emergency response plans, able to capture and intervene on the underlying mechanisms. This study paves to way to their identification.
In this study, a hierarchical Bi2O3/TiO2 fibrous composite was in-situ fabricated on an electrospun TiO2 nanofiber at ambient temperature. In the Bi2O3/TiO2 composite, S-scheme electron migration ...occurred between Bi2O3 and TiO2. In the photocatalytic degradation of phenol under simulated sunlight, the as-prepared Bi2O3/TiO2 nanofibers considerably outperformed Bi2O3 nanoparticles and TiO2 nanofibers. This improvement is contributed by maintaining and effectively utilizing the useful carriers and consuming the useless holes and electrons, realized by the S-scheme heterojunction and hierarchical structure. This study also provides an alternative design fashion for photocatalysts.
Anthocyanins contribute to the quality and flavour of fruits. They are produced through the phenylpropanoid pathway, which is regulated by specific key genes that have been identified in many ...species. The dominant anthocyanin forms are reversibly transformed at different pH states, thus forming different colours in aqueous solutions. In plants, anthocyanins are controlled by specific factors of the biosynthetic pathway: light, temperature, phytohormones and transcription factors. Although great progress in research on anthocyanin structures and the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis has been made, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in different plants remain less clear. In addition, the co-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis is poorly understood. In this review, we summarise previous findings on anthocyanin biosynthesis, including the biochemical and biological features of anthocyanins; differences in anthocyanin biosynthesis among fruit species, i.e., apple, red pear, and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana; and the developmental and environmental regulation of anthocyanin accumulation. This review reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in different plant species and provides valuable information for the development of anthocyanin-rich red-skinned and red-fleshed apple and pear varieties.
Through a facile and effective strategy by employing lithium molten salts the controlled synthesis of 2H‐ and 1T‐MoS2 monolayers with high‐yield production is achieved. Both phases of MoS2 monolayers ...exhibit high stabilities. When used as a catalyst for hydrogen evolution, these phased MoS2 monolayers deliver respective advantages in the field of electro‐ and photo‐catalytic hydrogen evolution.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has tremendous success in health care, smart city, industrial production and so on. Protected agriculture is one of the fields which has broad application prospects of ...IoT. Protected agriculture is a mode of highly efficient development of modern agriculture that uses artificial techniques to change climatic factors such as temperature, to create environmental conditions suitable for the growth of animals and plants. This review aims to gain insight into the state-of-the-art of IoT applications in protected agriculture and to identify the system structure and key technologies. Therefore, we completed a systematic literature review of IoT research and deployments in protected agriculture over the past 10 years and evaluated the contributions made by different academicians and organizations. Selected references were clustered into three application domains corresponding to plant management, animal farming and food/agricultural product supply traceability. Furthermore, we discussed the challenges along with future research prospects, to help new researchers of this domain understand the current research progress of IoT in protected agriculture and to propose more novel and innovative ideas in the future.
Energy Performance Contracting, a type of contractual arrangements between clients and Energy Service Companies, is nowadays a key vehicle to implement energy efficiency measures in existing ...buildings. As well-designed contracts contribute to establishing partnerships between clients and Energy Service Companies and to promoting the Energy Performance Contracting's further development, this work was aimed to figure out the optimal solutions of the contract terms under two typical business models (the Shared Savings Model and the Guaranteed Savings Model). Based on game-theoretical methods, the non-cooperative scenario was considered at first because both the client and the Energy Service Companies are self-profit-oriented. However, the non-cooperative contracts are not so efficient as they cannot bring the maximal project profit. Thus, the cooperative game models where the maximal project profits were allocated between the contract parties were set up. The differences between the non-cooperative and the cooperative scenarios and the impacts of the parameters in the models were also discussed. The frameworks presented possible solutions for the contract-design problem under the Energy Performance Contracting and instructed the contract parties to conclude the most proper contracts.
Based on formation testing data of more than 40 wells with industrial oil flow, systematic observation of 1 010.26 m long cores taken from 4 wells and test data of over 10 000 core samples combining ...with drilling and pilot fracturing data of multiple wells, the geological characteristics of the upper submember of the Sha 4 Member to the lower submember of the Sha 3 Member of Paleogene (Es4s-Es3x) in the Jiyang Depression were investigated to find out factors controlling the enrichment of shale oil and the accumulation model of shale oil, and a comprehensive evaluation method for shale oil sweet spots was established. It is found through the study that the target shale layer is characterized by strong heterogeneity, weak diagenesis, low thermal evolution and high content of clay and carbonate minerals. Shale lithofacies, microcrack, thin interlayer and abnormal pressure are the main factors affecting enrichment and stable production of shale oil, the organic rich laminar shale has the best storage and oil-bearing capacity, microcrack network system improve the storage capacity and permeability of the shale, the thin interlayer is the main flow channel for stable shale oil production, and the abnormal high pressure layer is rich in free state shale oil and high in oil content. The shale oil layers in the target section were divided into three types: matrix, interlayer and fracture ones. According to the occurrence state and exploration practice of shale oil at home and abroad, it is concluded that the interlayer shale oil is the most profitable type at present. The selection parameters for the different types of shale oil were determined, and accordingly the favorable areas were pointed out by comprehensive evaluation of multiple factors. Vertical wells in the interlayer shale oil reservoir, such as Fan 159, Fan 143 and GX 26, were stimulated by volume fracturing and high conductivity channel fracturing jointly. After fracturing, they had a daily oil production of over 6 t, up to 44 t, and stable productivity. Shale oil is expected to become an important replacement energy resource in the Jiyang Depression.
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•AgNPs act as effective catalyzer to further enhance the ECL property of luminol-H2O2 system.•Electrochemiluminescence aptasensor based on AgNPs catalyzed chemiluminescent reaction ...between luminol and H2O2 was constructed.•As-proposed aptasensor was applied to detect kanamycin in milk samples.
An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor for detection of kanamycin (KAN) was constructed by using the chemiluminescence properties of luminol-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in alkaline solution. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) could act as effective catalyzer to accelerate H2O2 decomposition to produce various intermediate reactive oxygen species for signal amplification and thus increased the ECL intensity of luminol. When the target KAN was in the presence, ECL signal decreased obviously owing to the specific interaction between KAN and aptamer. Thus, the concentration of KAN could be determined according to the intensity of ECL. To further demonstrate the effect of aptasensor, we had conducted cyclic voltammetry on an electrochemical workstation and electrogenerated chemiluminescence analyzer, respectively. Upon the optimization of assay conditions, the proposed aptasensor displayed a wide linear range from 0.5 to 100 ng mL−1 with limit of detection of 0.06 ng mL−1. The as-proposed aptasensor was not only capable of achieving a satisfactorily low detection limit but also possessed advantages of excellent accuracy, specificity and stability. Furthermore, this constructed ECL sensing platform was successfully applied to detect KAN in real samples and it would be of excellent potential to detect other antibiotics using the proposed method.
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