For multi-sensor integrated systems, such as the mobile mapping system (MMS), data fusion at sensor-level, i.e., the 2D-3D registration between an optical camera and LiDAR, is a prerequisite for ...higher level fusion and further applications. This paper proposes a line-based registration method for panoramic images and a LiDAR point cloud collected by a MMS. We first introduce the system configuration and specification, including the coordinate systems of the MMS, the 3D LiDAR scanners, and the two panoramic camera models. We then establish the line-based transformation model for the panoramic camera. Finally, the proposed registration method is evaluated for two types of camera models by visual inspection and quantitative comparison. The results demonstrate that the line-based registration method can significantly improve the alignment of the panoramic image and the LiDAR datasets under either the ideal spherical or the rigorous panoramic camera model, with the latter being more reliable.
Occludin is a key structural component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that has recently become an important focus of research in BBB damages. Many studies have demonstrated that occludin could ...regulate the integrity and permeability of the BBB. The function of BBB depends on the level of occludin protein expression in brain endothelial cells. Moreover, occludin may serve as a potential biomarker for hemorrhage transformation after acute ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarize the role of occludin in BBB integrity and the regulatory mechanisms of occludin in the permeability of BBB after ischemic stroke. Multiple factors have been found to regulate occludin protein functions in maintaining BBB permeability, such as Matrix metalloproteinas-mediated cleavage, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and related inflammatory factors. In addition, various signaling pathways participate in regulating the occludin expression, including nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, protein kinase c, RhoK, and ERK1/2. Emerging therapeutic interventions for ischemic stroke targeting occludin are described, including normobaric hyperoxia, Chinese medicine, chemical drugs, genes, steroid hormones, small molecular peptides, and other therapies. Since occludin has been shown to play a critical role in regulating BBB integrity, further preclinical studies will help evaluate and validate occludin as a viable therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Pig counting is an important task in pig sales and breeding supervision. Currently, manual counting is low-efficiency and high-cost and presents challenges in terms of statistical analysis. In ...response to the difficulties faced in pig part feature detection, the loss of tracking due to rapid movement, and the large counting deviation in pig video tracking and counting research, this paper proposes an improved pig counting algorithm (Mobile Pig Counting Algorithm with YOLOv5xpig and DeepSORTPig (MPC-YD)) based on YOLOv5 + DeepSORT model. The algorithm improves the detection rate of pig body parts by adding two different sizes of SPP networks and using SoftPool instead of MaxPool operations in YOLOv5x. In addition, the algorithm includes a pig reidentification network, a pig-tracking method based on spatial state correction, and a pig counting method based on frame number judgment on the DeepSORT algorithm to improve pig tracking accuracy. Experimental analysis shows that the MPC-YD algorithm achieves an average precision of 99.24% in pig object detection and an accuracy of 85.32% in multitarget pig tracking. In the aisle environment of the slaughterhouse, the MPC-YD algorithm achieves a correlation coefficient (R
) of 98.14% in pig counting from video, and it achieves stable pig counting in a breeding environment. The algorithm has a wide range of application prospects.
•A549 and BEAS–2B cells were exposed to cigarette smoke at the air-liquid interface.•BEAS–2B is more sensitive to whole smoke induced cytotoxicity than A549 cells.•Oxidative stress was induced in ...A549 and BEAS–2B cells exposed to whole smoke.
Cigarette smoke is a complex and oxidative aerosol. Previous researches on the hazards of cigarette smoke mainly focused on the adverse bioeffects induced by its condensates or gas vapor phase, which ignored the dynamic processes of smoking and the cigarette smoke aging. To overcome these disadvantages, we performed air-liquid interface exposure of whole smoke, which used native and unmodified smoke and ensured the exposure similar to physiological inhalation. Our results indicated that whole cigarette smoke induced lung epithelial cells (A549) and bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) damages in cytotoxicity assays (methyl thiazoly tetrazolium and neutral red uptake assays). In addition, A549 and BEAS–2B cells showed oxidative damages in whole smoke exposure, with concentration change of several biomarkers (reduced and oxidized glutathione, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxyhydroxy-2-nonenal, extracellular superoxide dismutase, and 8-hydroxyl deoxyguanosine). These results indicate that whole smoke-induced oxidative stress occurs in two different kinds of cells at air-liquid interface.
Ischemic brain injury is a severe medical condition with high incidences in elderly people without effective treatment for the resulting neural damages. Using a unilateral mouse stroke model, we ...analyze single-cell transcriptomes of ipsilateral and contralateral cortical penumbra regions to objectively reveal molecular events with single-cell resolution at 4 h and 1, 3, and 7 days post-injury. Here, we report that neurons are among the first cells that sense the lack of blood supplies by elevated expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ). To our surprise, the canonical inflammatory cytokine gene targets for C/EBPβ, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), are subsequently induced also in neuronal cells. Neuronal-specific silencing of C/EBPβ or IL-1β and TNF-α substantially alleviates downstream inflammatory injury responses and is profoundly neural protective. Taken together, our findings reveal a neuronal inflammatory mechanism underlying early pathological triggers of ischemic brain injury.
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•Single-cell transcriptomic analyses reveal molecular events after MCAO•Neurons are among the first cells that sense ischemia by elevated C/EBPβ expression•Neuronal-specific silencing of C/EBPβ or IL-1β and TNF-α reduced ischemic injury•Neuronal C/EBPβ is a potential target for the treatment of ischemic brain injury
Single-cell transcriptomic analyses reveal molecular events after hypoxic ischemia. Wu et al. show that neurons respond acutely to ischemic injury by increasing expression of C/EBPβ, which triggers inflammatory brain damage by elevating expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in neurons.
Experimentally, we found the percentage of low valence cations, the ionization energy of cations in film, and the band gap of substrates to be decisive for the formation of two-dimensional electron ...gas at the interface of amorphous/crystalline oxide (a-2DEG). Considering these findings, we inferred that the charge transfer from the film to the interface should be the main mechanism of a-2DEG formation. This charge transfer is induced by oxygen defects in film and can be eliminated by the electron-absorbing process of cations in the film. Based on this, we propose a simple dipole model that successfully explains the origin of a-2DEG, our experimental findings, and some important properties of a-2DEG.
Modelling both long- and short-term user interests from historical data is crucial for generating accurate recommendations. However, unifying these metrics across multiple application domains can be ...challenging, and existing approaches often rely on complex, intertwined models which can be difficult to interpret. To address this issue, we propose a lightweight, plug-and-play interest enhancement module that fuses interest vectors from two independent models. After analyzing the dataset, we identify deviations in the recommendation performance of long- and short-term interest models. To compensate for these differences, we use feature enhancement and loss correction during training. In the fusion process, we explicitly split long-term interest features with longer duration into multiple local features. We then use a shared attention mechanism to fuse multiple local features with short-term interest features to obtain interaction features. To correct for bias between models, we introduce a comparison learning task that monitors the similarity between local features, short-term features, and interaction features. This adaptively reduces the distance between similar features. Our proposed module combines and compares multiple independent long-term and short-term interest models on multiple domain datasets. As a result, it not only accelerates the convergence of the models but also achieves outstanding performance in challenging recommendation scenarios.
Insulators play a crucial role in ensuring the normal operation of the power system, and the creepage distance is an important electrical parameter of insulators. Most available solutions focus ...mainly on offline measurement methods, and online measurement for insulator creepage distance on transmission lines remains a challenging task. To address this issue and to further improve the corresponding work efficiency, an online measurement method for insulator creepage distance is presented in this paper. Considering the glass material of the insulator and the long measuring distance, this method recognizes the insulator type indirectly by calculating the structural parameters of the insulators based on their geometric features, and then obtaining the creepage distance. Accordingly, a measurement system, which mainly includes an electronic total station and a camera with a telephoto lens, is designed in this paper. Moreover, this paper also proposes an error analysis model aimed at reducing the errors caused by the layout of this system. In the conducted experiments, this proposed method effectively obtains the creepage distance and the error correction model can further improve the measurement accuracy of structural parameters.
Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have been reported to boost plant growth, while the mechanism that CNPs enhanced potassium uptake for plant growth has not been reported so far.
In this study, the ...function that CNPs promoted potassium uptake in BY-2 cells was established and the potassium accumulated in cells had a significant correlation with the fresh biomass of BY-2 cells. The K
accumulation in cells increased with the increasing concentration of CNPs. The K
influx reached high level after treatment with CNPs and was significantly higher than that of the control group and the negative group treated with K
channels blocker, tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA
). The K
accumulation was not reduced in the presence of CNPs inhibitors. In the presence of potassium channel blocker TEA
or CNPs inhibitors, the NKT1 gene expression was changed compared with the control group. The CNPs were found to preferentially transport K
than other cations determined by rectification of ion current assay (RIC) in a conical nanocapillary.
These results indicated that CNPs upregulated potassium gene expression to enhance K
accumulation in BY-2 cells. Moreover, it was speculated that the CNPs simulated protein of ion channels via bulk of carboxyl for K
permeating. These findings will provide support for improving plant growth by carbon nanoparticles.
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability. Fear of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) has been the primary reason for withholding tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and thrombectomy, the ...only two widely accepted treatments for ischemic stroke. Thrombolysis treatment is only allowed in a very narrow time window (within 4.5-6 h). However, so far, other than the time window guideline, there is no reliable indicator available in the clinic to predict ICH before thrombolysis treatment. Recently, extensive research efforts have been devoted to the development of reliable indicators to predict ICH and safely guide the thrombolysis treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests that ischemic brain regions with a compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) before tPA treatment develop ICH at the later time during thrombolytic reperfusion. Assessing BBB damage before thrombolysis could potentially help predict the risk of ICH after thrombolysis. This article reviews the literature reports on BBB damage biomarkers that have been developed in recent years, including biochemical markers such as BBB structural proteins, circulating brain microvascular endothelial cells, plasma albumin, and brain parenchyma proteins, as well as image markers such as magnetic resonance imaging assessment for BBB damage.
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