We take a process perspective to review the literature on corporate responses to social activism and argue that theoretical advances have not kept pace with the extensive and expanding scope of the ...literature. We identify three critical assumptions in the literature, which we believe can be traced back to two overarching issues: a mechanistic conceptualization that ascribes limited reflexivity to managers and an overreliance on variance theorizing. In order to tackle these challenges and propel future research, we suggest a research agenda that revolves around an enhanced role for managerial reflexivity in theory development and a stronger emphasis on the process-oriented view of the relationship between activism and response.
•There are higher rate of anxiety, depression, alcohol use disorder, and lower mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 epidemic.•Depression and alcohol use disorder were higher among people from Hubei ...than other provinces.•Non-significant gender differences in anxiety, depression, and mental wellbeing.•Young people, aged 21–40 years old, were psychologically more vulnerable position during the COVID-19 epidemic.
The world is experiencing pandemic of the COVID-19 now, a RNA virus that spread out from Wuhan, China. Two countries, China first and later Italy, have gone to full lock down due to rapid spread of this virus. Till to date, no epidemiological data on mental health problems due to outbreak of the COVID-19 and mass isolation were not available. To meet this need, the present study was undertaken to assess the mental health status of Chinese people. An online survey was conducted on a sample of 1074 Chinese people, majority of whom from Hubei province. Lack of adequate opportunities to conduct face to face interview, anxiety, depression, mental well-being and alcohol consumption behavior were assessed via self-reported measures. Results showed higher rate of anxiety, depression, hazardous and harmful alcohol use, and lower mental wellbeing than usual ratio. Results also revealed that young people aged 21–40 years are in more vulnerable position in terms of their mental health conditions and alcohol use. To address mental health crisis during this epidemic, it is high time to implement multi-faceted approach (i.e. forming multidisciplinary mental health team, providing psychiatric treatments and other mental health services, utilizing online counseling platforms, rehabilitation program, ensuring certain care for vulnerable groups, etc.).
In this work, the biomolecule glutathione was used to prepare cyan fluorescent carbon dots (GSH@CDs) by a hydrothermal method. The GSH@CDs were adopted as the scaffolds to synthesize fluorescent gold ...nanoclusters (GSH@CDs-Au NCs) with two independent emission peaks at 430 nm and 700 nm. A fluorescent method for the Cu
2+
and Ag
+
ion assay was established based on the fluorescence quenching or enhancement at 700 nm of GSH@CDs-Au NCs. The fluorescent test strips were successfully prepared for visual detection of Cu
2+
ions and Ag
+
ions based on GSH@CDs-Au NCs. In addition, GSH@CDs-Au NCs were found to possess well peroxidase-like activity.
Water stress seriously affects the survival of plants in natural ecosystems. Plant resistance to water stress relies on adaptive strategies, which are mainly based on plant anatomy with following ...relevant functions: (1) increase in water uptake and storage; (2) reduction of water loss; and (3) mechanical reinforcement of tissues. We measured 15 leaf-stem anatomical traits of five dominant shrub species from 12 community plots in the eastern Qaidam Basin to explore adaptive strategies based on plant leaf-stem anatomy at species and community levels. and their relationship with environmental stresses were tested.
Results showed that the combination of leaf-stem anatomical traits formed three types of adaptive strategies with the drought tolerance of leaf and stem taken as two coordinate axes. Three types of water stress were caused by environmental factors in the eastern Qaidam Basin, and the established adaptive strategy triangle could be well explained by these environmental stresses. The interpretation of the strategic triangle was as follows: (1) exploitative plant strategy, in which leaf and stem adopt the hydraulic efficiency strategy and safety strategy, respectively. This strategy is mostly applied to plants in sandy desert (i.e., Nitraria tangutorum, and Artemisia sphaerocephala) which is mainly influenced by drought stress; (2) stable plant strategy, in which both leaf/assimilation branches and stem adopt hydraulic safety strategy. This strategy is mostly applied to plants in salty desert (i.e., Kalidium foliatum and Haloxylon ammodendron) which aridity has little effect on them; and (3) opportunistic plant strategy, in which leaf and stem adopt hydraulic safety strategy and water transport efficiency strategy. This strategy is mostly applied to plants in multiple habitats (i.e., Sympegma regelii) which is mainly affected by coldness stress.
The proposed adaptive strategy system could provide a basis for elucidating the ecological adaptation mechanism of desert woody plants and the scientific management of natural vegetation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Hot spots are the subset of interface residues that account for most of the binding free energy, and they play essential roles in the stability of protein binding. Effectively identifying which ...specific interface residues of protein⁻protein complexes form the hot spots is critical for understanding the principles of protein interactions, and it has broad application prospects in protein design and drug development. Experimental methods like alanine scanning mutagenesis are labor-intensive and time-consuming. At present, the experimentally measured hot spots are very limited. Hence, the use of computational approaches to predicting hot spots is becoming increasingly important. Here, we describe the basic concepts and recent advances of machine learning applications in inferring the protein⁻protein interaction hot spots, and assess the performance of widely used features, machine learning algorithms, and existing state-of-the-art approaches. We also discuss the challenges and future directions in the prediction of hot spots.
Digital economy is an important starting point for China’s high-quality economic development, which may have an impact on the level of industrial structure. This paper calculates the development ...level of digital economy by entropy weight method, selects the relevant data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2012 to 2019, and uses the method of empirical test to analyze the impact of the development of digital economy on the upgrading of China’s industrial structure. The result shows that the development of digital economy can promote the upgrading of China’s overall industrial structure, which is significant at the level of 1%. Further research shows that the development of digital economy has regional heterogeneity on the upgrading of industrial structure in the eastern, central and western regions of China. The research of this paper has important practical significance for the high-quality development of China’s economy.
Drinking water arsenic poisoning has been a health concern, however the importance of dietary arsenic exposure to health also needs to be taken into account. The aim of this study was to conduct a ...comprehensive health risk assessment of arsenic-contaminated substances in drinking water and wheat-based food intake in the Guanzhong Plain, China. 87 samples of wheat and 150 samples of water were randomly selected from the research region and examined. The level of arsenic in 89.33% of the water samples in the region exceeded the limit for drinking water (10 μg/L), with an average concentration of 29.98 μg/L. The arsenic in 2.13% of the wheat samples exceeded the food limit (0.5 mg/kg) with an average concentration of 0.24 mg/kg. Under the situation of different exposure pathways, two scenarios of deterministic and probabilistic health risk assessments were compared and analyzed. By contrast, the probabilistic health risk assessment can ensure a certain degree of confidence in the assessment results. The findings of this study indicated that the total cancer risk value faced by the population aged 3–79 years, except for those aged 4–6 years, was 1.03E-4–1.21E-3, which exceeded the 10E-6–10E-4 range of thresholds usually used by USEPA as guidance recommendations for determination. And the non-cancer risk experienced by the population aged 6 months to 79 years was higher than the acceptable threshold (1), with children aged 9 months to 1 year having the highest total non-cancer risk of 7.25. The potential health risks of the exposed population were mainly due to the drinking water route, and consumption of arsenic-containing wheat increased both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. Finally, the sensitivity analysis revealed that the assessment findings were most significantly influenced by exposure time. The amount of intake was the second influencing factor in the health risk assessment from drinking water and dietary intakes of arsenic, and arsenic concentration was the second influencing factor in the health risk assessment due to dermal exposure to arsenic. The findings of this study can aid in understanding the negative health consequences of arsenic pollution to local residents and in adopting focused remediation strategies to alleviate environmental concerns.
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•This is a comprehensive health risk assessment of people divided into 14 age groups.•This study gives exposure parameter values of Chinese people to improve credibility.•Comparing the health risk contribution of arsenic exposure to water and wheat.
This study aimed to investigate the roles of adipose mesenchymal stem cell (AMSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) binding with chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) in cartilage injury, as well as the ...related mechanisms.
IL-1β treatment significantly inhibited the viability and migration of chondrocytes and enhanced cell apoptosis (P < 0.05), while chitosan oligosaccharides and extracellular vesicles-chitosan oligosaccharide conjugates (EVs-COS/EVs-COS conjugates) reversed the changes induced by IL-1β (P < 0.05), and the effects of extracellular vesicles-chitosan oligosaccharide conjugates were better than those of chitosan oligosaccharides (P < 0.05). After cartilage damage, IL-1β, OPN, and p53 were significantly upregulated, COL1A1, COL2A1, OCN, RUNX2, p-Akt/Akt, PI3K, c-Myc, and Bcl2 were markedly downregulated, and extracellular vesicles-chitosan oligosaccharide conjugates reversed the expression induced by cartilage injury. Through sequencing, 760 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) clustered into four expression patterns were associated with negative regulation of the canonical Wnt, PI3K-Akt, AMPK, and MAPK signaling pathways.
Extracellular vesicles-chitosan oligosaccharide conjugates may serve as a new cell-free biomaterial to facilitate cartilage injury repair and improve osteoarthritis.
The process-based model of policing garnered considerable support in the discourse on police legitimacy. However, findings are largely based on Western contexts, and little attention has been paid to ...the model advanced by Tyler that police legitimacy helps promote compliance. Using a high school sample (N = 711) from China, we follow Tankebe’s operationalization and examine the role of legitimacy in youth support for the police and whether legitimacy helps predict compliance with the law. Findings indicate that procedural justice and shared values are strong predictors of youth support to the police, and this support positively predicts compliance with the law. Distributive fairness exerts an independent effect on compliance while having been questioned by the police is negatively related to compliance.
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