Forgiveness, as an important content in the field of morality, means that the offended person overcomes the negative emotion, cognition, and behavior toward the offender and replaces it with positive ...emotion, cognition, and behavior. Based on the theory of the limitation of psychological resources, ego depletion (ED) will lead to the weakening of self-regulation function, thus making some immoral behaviors, which is not conducive to individual forgiveness. In order to explore the influence of ED on individual forgiveness in different interpersonal offense situations, this study used the Stroop task to manipulate the level of ED and used imaginary situations to distinguish offending situations. We found that the level of forgiveness in a serious offense situation was significantly lower than that in a mild offense situation,
p
< 0.001, partial η
2
= 0.158. In different interpersonal offense situations, ED has different effects on forgiveness. In the severe offense situation, the forgiveness level of high-ED individuals was significantly lower than that of the low-ED individuals,
p
= 0.023, partial η
2
= 0.144; in the mild offense situation, the forgiveness level of high-ED individuals was significantly higher than that of low-ED individuals,
p
= 0.029, partial η
2
= 0.140. The results showed that different levels of ED have no consistent effect on forgiveness in different interpersonal offense situations; high ED hinders individual forgiveness in serious offense situations but can promote individual forgiveness in mild offense situations.
Inconsistent data indicates that there is conflicted information in the data, which can be formalized as the violations of given semantic constraints. To improve data quality, repair means to make ...the data consistent by modifying the original data. Using the feedbacks of users to direct the repair operations is a popular solution. Under the setting of big data, it is unrealistic to let users give their feedbacks on the whole data set. In this paper, the repair position selection problem (RPS for short) is formally defined and studied. Intuitively, the RPS problem tries to find an optimal set of repair positions under the limitation of repairing cost such that we can obtain consistent data as many as possible. First, the RPS problem is formalized. Then, by considering three different repair strategies, the complexities and approximabilities of the corresponding RPS problems are studied.
Purpose
This study explores the relationship between corruption and shadow economy (SE) by examining the potential links and interactions between these two phenomena to see whether it is a one-way or ...two-way relationship and a complementarity or substitution linkage.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a dataset comprised of 145 countries all over the world between 1996 and 2015, the authors apply the simultaneous two-step system generalized method of moments approach to address the research question.
Findings
The study findings support a positive bidirectional relationship between corruption and SE. As such, this study has provided evidence supporting the complementarity association. In the authors' further analyses, they point out that several factors can moderate this positive bidirectional linkage. In particular, while Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows strengthen it, it is weakened by other institutional factors such as civil liberties and political rights. Finally, by splitting the full sample into three different subsamples and then examining countries at varying stages of economic development, the authors can gain valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of the relationship between corruption and SE. Specifically, while the authors observe that the positive direction of corruption to SE remains unchanged across different nations, they observe that the positive influence of SE on corruption is strongest among developed economies only.
Practical implications
The study findings provide an important policy implication. This study highlights the synergistic relationship between SE and corruption, indicating that reducing corruption will reduce the size of the SE. Consequently, this reduction in the SE can mitigate the adverse effects of corruption on economic development.
Originality/value
This paper is among the first empirical studies that critically investigate the interrelationship between SE and corruption. It then explores how this two-way linkage is conditional on some factors, such as economic development levels and institutional quality indicators.
In this work, normal manufacture of a B-bearing steel was hampered by cracks in steel. In order to control these cracks, the formation mechanism has been examined through a comprehensive analysis of ...crack morphology, element segregation, high temperature mechanical properties, and precipitates. The high-temperature thermoplastic capabilities of the steel were found to be reduced by boron nitride particles precipitated at grain boundary. This led to the formation of a brittle zone in the straightening zone of the continuous casting process, which in turn caused cracks. Based on the formation mechanism of these cracks, the cracks were successfully controlled by adding an appropriate amount of Ti element to the steel and reducing the charging temperature of the heating furnace.
Water and soil samples were collected along the Hun River to study the concentrations of Cr, Cu and Zn during the dry season, medium season and wet season in 2013. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, and ...Zn in Hun River were 0.0010 to 0.1298, 0.0057 to 0.1533 and 0.0162 to 0.5004 mg/L, respectively. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, and Zn in soil from around the Dahuofang reservoir were 0.0033 to 0.2149, 0.0054 to 0.2218 and 0.0135 to 0.3544 mg/g, respectively. The results indicated that the concentrations of Cr, Cu and Zn in water from the Hun River and soil from around the Dahuofang reservoir were significantly different at different sample stations and seasons. The pollution indexes of Cr, Cu and Zn in water and soil along the Hun River were calculated using principal component analysis in order to enact future measures against heavy metal pollution. According to the pollution characteristics of heavy metals along the Hun River, a treatment strategy was formulated to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution along the Hun River.
Objective
To present the clinical characteristics of accumulated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) damage among young male patients undergoing routine exercise, and to evaluate the related risk ...factors.
Methods
A retrospective study involving ACL‐accumulated damage from June 2015 to December 2019 was conducted. Baseline characteristics, such as age, body mass index (BMI), training parameters, and clinical signs, were recorded. The results of the radiologic examinations and related standardized tests were obtained to evaluate the research outcomes. These results were compared using Student's t‐test or Chi‐square test, and the impact of risk factors on the patient's injury were analyzed.
Results
A total of 86 men with accumulated ACL damage were included in this study. Exercise pain (86 100%), synovitis (80 93.0%), and intra‐articular effusion (79 91.9%) were the most common clinical symptoms. Loosening of ligaments, decreased tension, mild hyperplasia, and intercondylar fossa effusion were observed using radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and arthroscopy. Age, BMI, training intensity, length of training, and knee hyperextension were identified as risk factors for accumulated ACL damage.
Conclusion
This study suggests that accumulated ACL damage has differentiated clinical symptoms, imaging features, and risk factors compared to common ACL injuries.
This study aimed to present the clinical characteristics of ACL accumulated damage among young male patients with routine exercise. We recognized ACL accumulated damage as a new subtype apart from typical ACL injury. We found that the duration of training experience is its principal risk factor.
To explore the impact of Core self-evaluations on job burnout of nurses, and especially to test and verify the mediator role of organizational commitment between the two variables.
Random cluster ...sampling was used to pick up participants sample, which consisted of 445 nurses of a hospital in Shanghai. Core self-evaluations questionnaire, job burnout scale and organizational commitment scale were administrated to the study participants.
There are significant relationships between Core self-evaluations and dimensions of job burnout and organizational commitment. There is a significant mediation effect of organizational commitment between Core self-evaluations and job burnout.
To enhance nurses' Core self-evaluations can reduce the incidence of job burnout.
Frequent itemset mining is an important operation to return all itemsets in the transaction table, which occur as a subset of at least a specified fraction of the transactions. The existing ...algorithms cannot compute frequent itemsets on massive data efficiently, since they either require multiple-pass scans on the table or construct complex data structures which normally exceed the available memory on massive data. This paper proposes a novel precomputation-based frequent itemset mining (PFIM) algorithm to compute the frequent itemsets quickly on massive data. PFIM treats the transaction table as two parts: the large old table storing historical data and the relatively small new table storing newly generated data. PFIM first pre-constructs the quasi-frequent itemsets on the old table whose supports are above the lower-bound of the practical support level. Given the specified support threshold, PFIM can quickly return the required frequent itemsets on the table by utilizing the quasi-frequent itemsets. Three pruning rules are presented to reduce the size of the involved candidates. An incremental update strategy is devised to efficiently re-construct the quasi-frequent itemsets when the tables are merged. The extensive experimental results, conducted on synthetic and real-life data sets, show that PFIM has a significant advantage over the existing algorithms and runs two orders of magnitude faster than the latest algorithm.
Range query is an important operation on big multi-dimensional data. This paper studies the problem of multi-dimensional range query filtering for speeding up the range query processing by avoiding ...reading the useless data. To solve the problem, a novel multi-dimensional range filter is proposed to filter the multi-dimensional range queries, while the existing one-dimensional range filters can not provide efficient filtering. Based on the multi-dimensional range filter, an efficient range query processing algorithm is presented. It can directly return the locations of the I/O units that contain the data in the query result without any access to the input dataset. The time complexity of the algorithm is <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">O(3^{m}h)</tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">h</tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of I/O units partially overlapping with a range query, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">m</tex-math></inline-formula> is the dimension number. Since <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">m</tex-math></inline-formula> is usually <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">o(\sqrt{\log n})</tex-math></inline-formula>, it is a sublinear time algorithm if <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">V=O(n)</tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">n</tex-math></inline-formula> is the size of the input dataset, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">V=\prod _{i=1}^{m}d_{i}</tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">d_{i}</tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of distinct values on the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">i</tex-math></inline-formula>-th dimension of the dataset for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">1\leq i\leq m</tex-math></inline-formula>. Experimental results show that the multi-dimensional range filter has low false positive rate and good filtering efficiency. The proposed range query processing algorithm achieves at least 3<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\sim</tex-math></inline-formula>7 times improvement compared to the one-dimensional filter based algorithms on different datasets.
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