How can we understand secrecy as temporal processes in organization? How can we address the inherent dynamics between concealment and revelation over time? In this article, we build on an inherent ...and yet overlooked character of secrecy as temporal, and explore temporalization processes of secrecy. We suggest that secrecy should be reconceptualized as processes of simultaneous concealment and revelation in multiple temporalities. Drawing on such temporal sensitivity, we apply a history-laden analysis of four examples of archival stories as ongoingly completing processes of secrecy. The analysis sheds light on the paradoxical dynamics of secrecy in three interconnected ways: first, writing archival stories offer opportunities to mask and attack the concealed. Therefore, second, archival stories as the site and process that sustain secrecy can become the site where secrecy is revealed. In this sense, as the third way, secrecy is ongoingly and fragmentally formed, producing multiple and subjective experiences of time. This article also contributes to the methodological potential for using archival stories in organizational studies.
How do buildings contribute to an organization’s sense of what it is? In this article, we present the findings of a major archival study of an iconic university building to answer this question. ...Founded in the 19th century as a college for women, the building is analysed as a gendered space that embodies meanings that are selectively deployed and adapted by the present-day, now co-educational, university. By bringing together concepts of space and history so as to examine ‘space in history’ we show how over long periods of time what buildings ‘say’ about an organization change so that the past is both a legacy and a resource for shifting organizational identity.
The Schelling model, one of the most famous agent-based models in social physics, describes the formation of social segregated groups of agents based on their preferences. It has received significant ...attention, and various versions of the model have been extensively developed and studied as well. In this paper, we examine the impact of noise on Schelling’s metapopulation segregation model, specifically focusing on an underlying star topological structure. Our findings demonstrate that the fascinating effects caused by the star topology become fragile when the model is subjected to noise. We conducted theoretical analyses and numerical simulations to investigate the stationary state of the systems, their evolutionary process, and the distribution of the agents. Our results indicate that the anomaly in optimizing collective utility by egoists diminishes at a non-vanishing level of noise. On the other hand, altruists regain their ability to optimize collective utility. As the noise level increases, the resulting randomness becomes dominant in the movement of agents, leading to a reduced distinction between the two types of agents and eventually become random walkers.
Graphical abstract
The intriguing effects of Schelling’s metapopulation segregation model with underlying star topology become fragile when noise parameter is introduced.
How do we understand gossip as spatialization processes? How can we address such processes through liminal space? In this article, we challenge the trap of social determinism in understanding gossip, ...and argue that gossip should be conceptualized through the mutual constitution and contestations between social relations and space. We draw on a three-month participant observation case study to explore such interactive processes and relations through the lens of liminal space. This article contributes to the existing literature on gossip by addressing the overlooked importance of ‘space’ in theorizing and understanding gossip. We emphasize that space acts as a localized context for, and an active participant in, enabling or constraining social interactions for gossip. In doing so, we explore the theoretical potential and empirical possibility of theory blending of liminal space and gossip that can shed light on future research on unmanaged and marginalized social practices in organizations.
The numbers of cases and deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are continuously increasing. Many people are concerned about the efficacy and safety of the COVID-19 vaccines. We performed a ...comprehensive analysis of the published trials of COVID-19 vaccines and the real-world data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Globally, our research found that the efficacy of all vaccines exceeded 70%, and RNA-based vaccines had the highest efficacy of 94.29%; moreover, Black or African American people, young people, and males may experience greater vaccine efficacy. The spectrum of vaccine-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is extremely broad, and the most frequent ADRs are pain, fatigue, and headache. Most ADRs are tolerable and are mainly grade 1 or 2 in severity. Some severe ADRs have been identified (thromboembolic events, 21–75 cases per million doses; myocarditis/pericarditis, 2–3 cases per million doses). In summary, vaccines are a powerful tool that can be used to control the COVID-19 pandemic, with high efficacy and tolerable ADRs. In addition, the spectrum of ADRs associated with the vaccines is broad, and most of the reactions appear within a week, although some may be delayed. Therefore, ADRs after vaccination need to be identified and addressed in a timely manner.
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The numbers of cases and deaths from COVID-19 are continuously increasing. Cai et al. are the first to comprehensively analyze the efficacy of the existing COVID-19 vaccines and the incidence, spectrum, timing, and clinical features of adverse reactions associated with the COVID-19 vaccines, which can provide reference for general public.
In this era of precision medicine, with the help of biomarkers, immunotherapy has significantly improved prognosis of many patients with malignant tumor. Deficient mismatch repair ...(dMMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI) status is used as a biomarker in clinical practice to predict favorable response to immunotherapy and prognosis. MSI is an important characteristic which facilitates mutation and improves the likelihood of a favorable response to immunotherapy. However, many patients with dMMR/MSI still respond poorly to immunotherapies, which partly results from intratumor heterogeneity propelled by dMMR/MSI. In this review, we discuss how dMMR/MSI facilitates mutations in tumor cells and generates intratumor heterogeneity, especially through type II interferon (IFN-γ) signaling and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). We discuss the mechanism of immunotherapy from the perspective of dMMR/MSI, molecular pathways and TILs, and we discuss how intratumor heterogeneity hinders the therapeutic effect of immunotherapy. Finally, we summarize present techniques and strategies to look at the tumor as a whole to design personalized regimes and achieve favorable prognosis.
This paper mainly deals with the Sturm–Liouville operator
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•A novel laccase from Klebsiella pneumoniae was cloned and the rLac was expressed in Escherichia coli.•The rLac was thermostable and pH stable and resistant toward metal ions.•The ...structure–function relationship of rLac under different conditions was analyzed by far-UV CD spectroscopy.•The rLac could decolorize tested dyes with high decolorization efficiencies.
A thermostable and pH-stable laccase from Klebsiella pneumoniae was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant laccase (rLac) achieved a specific activity of 7.12U/mg after purification by Ni-affinity chromatography. Optimal enzyme activity was observed at pH 4.0 and 35°C for 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS) oxidization and pH 8.0 and 70°C for 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6-DMP) oxidization. Thermostability and pH stability studies showed that the rLac was stable over the range of 30–70°C and pH 5.0–9.0 using 2,6-DMP as substrate. Circular dichroism analysis suggested that the secondary structure of the rLac mainly consisted of α-helix that played a vital role in maintaining laccase activity and revealed the potential mechanisms for the changes in laccase activity under varying pHs (3.0–11.0) and temperatures (20–90°C). Finally, the rLac could decolorize the tested dyes with high decolorization efficiency.
Ocean mining activities have been ongoing for nearly 70 years, making great contributions to industrialization. Given the increasing demand for energy, along with the restructuring of the energy ...supply catalyzed by efforts to achieve a low-carbon economy, deep seabed mining will play an important role in addressing energy- and resource-related problems in the future. However, deep seabed mining remains in the exploratory stage, with many challenges presented by the high-pressure, low-temperature, and complex geologic and hydrodynamic environments in deep-sea mining areas, which are inaccessible to human activities. Thus, considerable efforts are required to ensure sustainable, economic, reliable, and safe deep seabed mining. This study reviews the latest advances in marine engineering geology and the environment related to deep-sea mining activities, presents a bibliometric analysis of the development of ocean mineral resources since the 1950s, summarizes the development, theory, and issues related to techniques for the three stages of ocean mining (i.e., exploration, extraction, and closure), and discusses the engineering geology environment, geological disasters, in-situ monitoring techniques, environmental protection requirements, and environmental effects in detail. Finally, this paper gives some key conclusions and future perspectives to provide insights for subsequent studies and commercial mining operations.
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, in which tumor tissues from patients are implanted into immunocompromised or humanized mice, have shown superiority in recapitulating the characteristics of ...cancer, such as the spatial structure of cancer and the intratumor heterogeneity of cancer. Moreover, PDX models retain the genomic features of patients across different stages, subtypes, and diversified treatment backgrounds. Optimized PDX engraftment procedures and modern technologies such as multi-omics and deep learning have enabled a more comprehensive depiction of the PDX molecular landscape and boosted the utilization of PDX models. These irreplaceable advantages make PDX models an ideal choice in cancer treatment studies, such as preclinical trials of novel drugs, validating novel drug combinations, screening drug-sensitive patients, and exploring drug resistance mechanisms. In this review, we gave an overview of the history of PDX models and the process of PDX model establishment. Subsequently, the review presents the strengths and weaknesses of PDX models and highlights the integration of novel technologies in PDX model research. Finally, we delineated the broad application of PDX models in chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and other novel therapies.
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