The probabilistic Tag Allocation Model (TAM) explains social tags by modeling the latent reasoning behind each tag in order to disambiguate them and identify noise.
Amine-functionalized silica aerogel globules (AFSAGs) were first synthesized via a simple ball drop casting method followed by amine grafting. The effect of grafting time on the structure and CO2 ...adsorption performance of the AFSAGs was investigated. The CO2 adsorption performance was comprehensively studied by breakthrough curves, adsorption capacity and rates, surface amine loading and density, amine efficiency, adsorption halftime, and cyclic stability. The results demonstrate that prolonging the grafting time does not lead to a significant increase in surface amine content owing to pore space blockage by superabundant amine groups. The CO2 adsorption performance shows obvious dependence on surface amine density, determined by both the surface amine content and specific surface area, and working temperature. AFSAGs with a grafting time of 24 h (AFSAG24) with a moderate surface amine density have optimal CO2 adsorption capacities, which are 1.78 and 2.14 mmol/g at 25 °C with dry and humid 400 ppm CO2, respectively. The amine efficiency of AFSAG24 with low CO2 concentrations, 0.38–0.63 with dry 400 ppm−1% CO2, is the highest among the reported amine-functionalized adsorbents. After estimation with different diffusion models, the CO2 adsorption process of AFSAG24 is governed by film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. In the range of 1–4 mm, the ball size does not affect the CO2 adsorption capacity of AFSAG24 obviously. AFSAG24 offers significant advantages for practical direct air capture compared with its state-of-the-art counterparts, such as high dynamic adsorption capacity and amine efficiency, excellent stability, and outstanding adaptation to the environment.
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•High-efficiency adsorbent was prepared using rice straw biogas residue.•Loose lignocellulosic structure contributed to high specific surface area.•KRSB adsorbed mercury ions in ...multiple ion systems with high selectivity.•Complexation of mercury ion with KRSB as the dominant adsorption mechanism.•Adsorption process obeyed pseudo-second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm.
The unreasonable disposal of residue after anaerobic digestion seriously affects the stability of the ecosystem, and the preparation of adsorbent is an effective way to value-added utilization of the residue. In this study, a high adsorption capacity (209.65 mg/g) biochar-based adsorbent was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization and alkali modification using rice straw biogas residue. The lignocellulosic structure was destroyed after anaerobic digestion, forming porous biochar with larger specific surface area (2372.51 m2/g) and richer pore structure. Besides, the mercury ion complexed on the adsorbent surface in monovalent and divalent forms and possessed favorable selectivity in the presence of other examples of interference. The adsorption process is consistent with pseudo second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm, indicating a predominance of chemisorption. This study provides a methodology for use of rice straw biogas residue and treatment of mercury containing wastewater, which offers a fresh direction for resource utilization of biogas residue.
For the improvement of the transient driving performance of a diesel engine, it is useful to control the fuel injection timing and quantity using model-based control (MBC). The authors previously ...developed the on-board in-cylinder gas flow model and the wall heat transfer prediction model, which are a part of the models for MBC. However, the developed gas flow model contains an undecided constant called as turbulence intensity coefficient (TIC), which has the significant effect on the wall heat transfer prediction model. The present study evaluated the TIC by using the in-cylinder gas flow velocities obtained from the PIV measurements, which were measured at multiple planes and were analyzed by separating the velocity to mainstream and turbulent components. Furthermore, we compared between the heat fluxes from the experiments and those from the model with the TIC, and it was found that the model with the coefficients obtained by using velocities at the lower part of cylinder was agreed with the experiments, because the error ratio was evaluated to be -4.7%. Finally, for the identification of the TIC without any experiment, we calculated the TIC using velocities at the lower part of cylinder obtained by CFD analysis. It was obvious that the heat fluxes from the model with the TIC was agreed with the experiments, because the error ratio was evaluated to be -3.8%.
This paper introduces research work on the development of high-voltage (HV) vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs) in China from its starting point in 1989 to 2006. In this period, a 126-kV two-breaks VCB ...prototype and a 126-kV single-break VCB prototype were developed. A latest 252-kV single-break interrupter prototype is introduced. Five HV VCBs technologies are discussed, which include HV vacuum insulation, high current interrupting technology with long contact gaps, increasing nominal current, operating mechanism characteristics, and contact bouncing damping. In vacuum insulation, adding a metal ring at the electrode back can decrease breakdown possibilities in the gap between the electrode back and the main shield. A surface melting layer of contact material could have an influence on voltage withstanding capability of a vacuum gap. For interrupting high current with long contact gaps, a strong axial magnetic field (AMF) is needed for better vacuum arc control. Therefore, a single coil AMF electrode is introduced. Heat radiators are effective to increase the nominal current of VCBs. Thermal analysis can help to give appropriate design parameters. There is an optimum opening characteristic that is helpful to improve the interrupting performance of VCBs. Permanent magnet operating mechanism and spring-type operating mechanism are suitable for HV VCBs. Contact bouncing in HV VCBs can be damped by installing contact spring and bellows on the stationary end of VCBs.
In a rapidly changing and uncertain business environment, individuals with high entrepreneurial intention (HEI) inevitably need to compete or cooperate with others to maximize their gains. However, ...the effects of competition and cooperation on the risky decision-making and neural mechanisms of individuals with HEI are not clear. By combining the modified Devil Task and electroencephalogram (EEG) technology, the current study showed that a competition context is more likely to motivate optimal decisions and enhance the total decision gains for individuals with HEI than a cooperation context. A positive relationship between the frequency of optimal decisions and the total gains of decision-making for individuals with HEI was also found, and this relationship was mediated by the degree of entrepreneurial intention. The EEG results showed that individuals with HEI made decisions in the competition context with greater P2 amplitude of frontal regions than in the cooperation context, and source localization analyses revealed that this difference in brain activity was manifested in the medial prefrontal cortex. Finally, the results revealed a positive relationship between the P2 amplitude and the degree of entrepreneurial intention of individuals with HEI. Overall, the study suggests that competition is an effective way to motivate individuals with HEI to make optimal decisions and, thus, maximize their profits, providing new perspectives on ways to promote successful entrepreneurship.
•Competition promotes optimal decision in high-entrepreneurial-intention (HEI) group.•Entrepreneurial intention mediates the effect of decision on return in HEI group.•Competition elicits stronger P2 amplitude and MPFC activation in HEI group.•Entrepreneurial intention is positively correlated with P2 amplitude in HEI group.
Wearable healthcare presents exciting opportunities for continuous, real‐time, and noninvasive monitoring of health status. Even though electrochemical and optical sensing have already made great ...advances, there is still an urgent demand for alternative signal transformation in terms of miniaturization, wearability, conformability, and stretchability. Mechano‐based transductive sensing, referred to the efficient transformation of biosignals into measureable mechanical signals, is claimed to exhibit the aforementioned desirable properties, and ultrasensitivity. In this Concept, a focus on pressure, strain, deflection, and swelling transductive principles based on micro‐/nanostructures for wearable healthcare is presented. Special attention is paid to biophysical sensors based on pressure/strain, and biochemical sensors based on microfluidic pressure, microcantilever, and photonic crystals. There are still many challenges to be confronted in terms of sample collection, miniaturization, and wireless data readout. With continuing efforts toward solving those problems, it is anticipated that mechano‐based transduction will provide an accessible route for multimode wearable healthcare systems integrated with physical, electrophysiological, and biochemical sensors.
Mechano‐based transduction of biological signals has become an important route for wearable healthcare. This Concept provides an overview of recent advances, critical challenges, future development of pressure, strain, deflection, and swelling transductive principles for wearable healthcare devices. Special attention is paid to monitoring biophysical signals via pressure and strain sensors, and biochemical signals via microfluidic pressure, microcantilever, and photonic crystal sensors.
Self-certified signcryption can remove key escrow problem and certification management problem. Based on Boneh and Boyen＇s short signature scheme, a secure self-certified sign- cryption scheme is ...proposed. Under the strong Diffie-Hellman assumption, the new scheme is proved secure, in which it satisfies public verifiability and existential unforgeablity. Furthermore, performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme only re- quires two pairing evaluations, so it can be used in the power and bandwidth limited environments.
Under “double carbon” policies, the shift towards bus electrification is unavoidable but is hindered by operational challenges due to electric buses’ limited range. These challenges are intensified ...by heterogenous bus fleets, inadequate charging facilities, and depot limitations. This paper introduces a pragmatic approach to address the multi-depot electric bus scheduling problem, comprehensively addressing all aforementioned complexities. A tailored adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) is designed to solve the problem, wherein several ingenious accelerating techniques are integrated to generate a high-quality solution within an acceptance time frame, including: 1) relaxation of hard constraints to expedite iterations; 2) specialized operators designed to enhance the diversity of neighborhood spaces; 3) the meticulous setting of operator scores to prioritize operators with higher efficiency. A small-scale case study is conducted to compare the tailored ALNS with the commercial solver. The results substantiate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm and the significant role of these accelerating techniques. Furthermore, the algorithm presents its practical applicability in large-scale scenarios. The findings reveal that the proposed approach reduces the fleet size by 35 vehicles and concurrently achieves a significant 13.61 % reduction in electricity consumption, which provides a holistic solution to real-world operational challenges and offers recommendations for operators.
•A holistic solution designed for the multi-depot electric bus scheduling problem.•Considering limitations of charging facilities and depot capacity constraints.•An adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm embedded with ingenious techniques.•Real cases verify the method enhances vehicle utilization and energy efficiency.
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•High regioselective Pd-catalyzed C3-alkylation of indoles with alcohols via hydrogen borrowing cascade.•Utilizing aliphatic alcohols to achieve C3-alkylation of indoles.•The reaction ...is carried out under solvent-free conditions.
Indole represents a privileged scaffold extensively used in drug design due to its promise to improve both binding affinity and specificity receptors. Direct functionalization of indole framework is an efficient route to achieve structurally diverse indole derivatives. Herein, highly regio-selective C3-alkylation of indoles via hydrogen borrowing methodology (HBM) has been established using alcohols as the alkylation reagents by palladium catalysis. This method enables an efficient synthesis of C3-alkylated indoles, demonstrating high group adaptability to both indole and alcohol substrates (20 examples, up to 94% yield).
