Water is one of the five elements that man has been in connection with in a continuous, special and profound way throughout history. By its structure, an angle between atoms, polarity, binding, no ...doubt it is a fascinating element. Water comes in three aggregate states; it is a universal solvent and, interestingly, a rare substance on Earth whose density is decreased if water temperature is below 4 °C. This is why ice
floats on water surface and what makes life possible. Recent very interesting studies have been made that point out the ability of water to store and transfer information. Aquaphotomics studies a so-far unknown world of water in a scientific way. There seems to be an influence on water and its structure through words, music, DNA, etc., via electromagnetic signals. The last four decades gave us an interesting insight through some interesting experiments. This should guide us not just to see the water in its chemical composition, but to see its spatial order of molecules too. Having this knowledge we should examine ourselves, fundamentally, based on the information we share and transmit. All human communication, negative or positive, and human action with and towards water can be reflected in the functioning of the
human organism, other living beings, and the ecosystems that they are part of and interfere in.
With its quantities of groundwater, the Zagreb aquifer is an irreplaceable water-supply resource that forms the basis of the water-supply of Zagreb, the capital and largest city of the Republic of ...Croatia. The depth of the Zagreb aquifer system is about 100 m at the deepest part, and the two main aquifers of the aquifer system can be separated vertically by low-permeable clay deposits. In the area of the Zagreb aquifer, there are several active and reserve public water-supply sites, the largest of which are Mala Mlaka and Petruševec. The groundwater level of the Zagreb aquifer is directly related to the water levels of the Sava River, so any erosive change in the Sava riverbed decreases the groundwater levels in the aquifer. In the last 50 years, the groundwater levels in the Zagreb aquifer have decreased significantly, being most pronounced in the area of the Mala Mlaka water-supply site. This has affected the normal functioning of the public water-supply because the suction baskets of the pumps in the dug wells at the Mala Mlaka water-supply site occasionally remain partially or completely in the unsaturated aquifer zone during low groundwater levels, which reduces capacity or prevents pumping from these water-supply facilities. Immediately next to the Mala Mlaka water-supply site is the Sava-Odra Canal, which was built to protect Zagreb from flooding and into which the Sava River flows when its flow rate exceeds 2350 m3/s. This reduces the flow rate of the Sava River near Zagreb and the possibility of flooding urban areas. To prevent problems with groundwater levels at the Mala Mlaka water-supply facilities and to enable normal water-supply, even in extremely dry periods, several variants of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) are proposed here. In order to determine the optimal solution for MAR and to enable the normal functioning of one of the main sites of water-supply in the Zagreb water-supply system. Groundwater flow for the period of 2006 to 2010 was simulated for six different variants of MAR. One assumes a constant potential in the Sava-Odra Canal, three are related to recharge from the Sava-Odra Canal with different backwater levels in the infiltration facility (elevations of 114, 114.5, and 115 m a.s.l.), and two with three absorption wells upstream of the Mala Mlaka water pumping station (injection of 300 L/s each and 500 L/s each). The most favorable method to recharge artificially the Zagreb aquifer near the Mala Mlaka pumping station is achieved with an infiltration facility using an elevation of 115 m a.s.l. The use of such a facility will enable the smooth operation of the water pumping station and the possibility of increasing the pumping quantities at the Mala Mlaka water pumping station for the future development of the area.
This paper establishes hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical characteristics of a wider area of the regional well field Eastern Slavonia - Sikirevci. The research was conducted based on data gathered ...from the area of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia. The aquifer Velika Kopanica is situated at the territory of the Republic of Croatia in the triangular region formed between Kopanica, Gundinci and Krusevica. The River Sava partially flows through it and the aquifer extends beneath the river to the territory of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina from Donji Svilaj in the West to Domaljevac in the East where its yield is the highest. The thickness of the aquifer decreases towards the water body Odzak. It was determined that the groundwater which is extracted from wells of the wider area of the regional well field contains iron, manganese, natural ammonia and arsenic in values exceeding the maximum allowable concentration for drinking water. The increased values of these parameters are a result of mineral composition and reductive conditions in the aquifer environment. By means of a multivariate statistic cluster analysis, an overview of groups of elements is provided based on geochemical affinity and/or origin.
Application of the SINTACS method for assessment of the intrinsic vulnerability of an aquifer is demonstrated in the catchment areas of the Jadro and Zrnovnica springs. Both springs provide drinking ...water, supplying the population of Split and the surrounding settlements. Rapid economic expansion in the catchment area, accompanied with an increasing trend in the quantity of a number of contaminants in the spring water, prompted comprehensive investigations in order to finalise the Water Management Study of the Jadro and Zrnovnica springs. Results of the Study were analysed by GIS tools and employed as input data for production of the groundwater vulnerability map of the Jadro and Zrnovnica catchment areas. In addition to the standard method of defining the C factor which, in this case, is represented by the values of C(a), a modification is also introduced which takes into account analysis of sinkhole density.
Karst aquifers in the Dinaric karst are very rich with groundwater and are a very important resource for public water supply. The characteristics of the Dinaric karst are the lack, or very thin ...layer, of covering deposits, large amounts of precipitations, high groundwater velocities, very deep groundwater flow with a lot of faults and fault zones, pits to groundwater, concentrated sinking and large karst springs, making them extremely vulnerable to all anthropogenic influences, which are very quickly transmitted to the aquifer. Numerous multiparameter methods have been developed in the last 20 years to determine the level of vulnerability of aquifers. Each of them has its own specifics and is well adapted to the climate and region for which it was developed. The Karst Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment (KAVA) method was developed in accordance with all the characteristics of the deep karst aquifers of the Dinaric karst and tested on several basins in the area. It was developed as a part of the Global Environment Facility United Nations Environmental Programme – the Mediterranean Action Plan Strategic Partnership for the Mediterranean Sea Large Marine Ecosystem (GEF UNEP/MAP MedPartnership Project). This paper presents the KAVA method and its application to two characteristic karst basins of the Dinaric karst: the Novljanska Žrnovnica spring catchment area and the Bakar Bay catchment area.
Rad pruža osvrt na potrebu uvođenja kolegija koji bi se bavio bioetičkim konceptima u visokoškolskom obrazovanju na primjeru studijskog programa Inženjerstvo okoliša na Geotehničkom fakultetu ...Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Radi se o studiju iz polja Temeljnih tehničkih znanosti gdje se moralno-etički principi često samo načelno podrazumijevaju, najčešće u vidu tehničke etike. Iako profit tu igra veliku ulogu, moramo sagledati struku u širem kontekstu. U sklopu studija postoje kolegiji koji se u određenoj mjeri dotiču integrirane bioetičke tematike, ali u nedovoljnoj mjeri. U posljednje vrijeme počinje se prepoznavati mjesto koje bi bioetika mogla i trebala zauzimati u obrazovanju budućih inženjera okoliša s obzirom na to da će oni svoj profesionalni rad usmjeravati prema različitim aspektima. Pri tome treba imati na umu da njihovo inženjersko djelovanje utječe na kvalitetu života i zdravlje ljudi, kao i na dobrobit drugih živih bića s kojima smo neraskidivo povezani.
This paper offers a reflection on the need to introduce a course that would deal with bioethical concepts in higher education, based on the example of the Environmental Engineering study programme at the Faculty of Geotechnical Engineering, University of Zagreb. This study programme is in the field of fundamental technical sciences, where moral and ethical principles are often only generally implied as technical ethics. Although profit plays a huge role here, the profession needs to be viewed in a broader context. Currently, there are some courses which, in a certain measure, touch the integrative bioethical subjects, but that is not enough. Nowadays, it is obvious that bioethics could and should take place in the education of future environmental engineers since they will direct their profession towards different aspects. By doing so, they must be aware that their actions influence the quality and health of human life, as well as the wellbeing of other living creatures.
Zdrav međuodnos ljudi i životinja Žubčić, Damir; Loborec, Jelena; Zavrtnik, Saša
JAHR (Rijeka ),
12/2020, Letnik:
11, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Međuodnos ljudi i životinja prisutan je od osvita civilizacija. Kao što nam povijesni zapisi
ukazuju, nekada je on bio puno dublji i dalekosežniji. Da bi taj odnos bio zdrav, zasigurno mu temelj mora ...predstavljati empatija – suosjećanje. Tu su primjeri drevnih kultura poput starih Hebreja, Sjevernoameričkih Indijanaca ili Eskima. Svakodnevica kultura staroga vijeka, njihov odnos s bližnjima, živim svijetom, životinjama, bio je neraskidivo povezan. Iz tog se međuodnosa učilo, njega se poštovalo, isto se prenosilo na sljedeće generacije, što kao takvo evidentno predstavlja bioetički vid cjelovitijeg sagledavanja živoga i života, nasuprot današnjem segmentiranom i seciranom pristupu. Uistinu, naši su stari u praktičnom življenju prekrasno i puno govorili da su im životinje stvarno bile blago, a upravo to otkriva se i kroz spomenuti primjer pozivajući nas ne na neke nove, suvremene perspektive tog odnosa, nego na prisjećanje i primjenu onih starih i prokušanih pogleda i naputaka zapisanih, primjerice, u hebrejskom Zakonu, odnosno Tori. Danas nam je u našoj svekolikoj otuđenosti od živoga svijeta u njegovu izvornom prirodnom obliku, koji smo utoliko industrijalizirali i pretvorili u potrošački proizvod, potreban optimalan odnos u kojem na određeni način obje strane mogu biti zadovoljene s obzirom na svoje biološke potrebe te na bioetički aspekt kao pogled na život u cjelini u kojem smo svi umreženi. Ase u tom nazoru tkanja života takne ili potrga jedna nit, neminovno je da će se titraji, ako ne i same rupe, proširiti čitavim tkanjem i odraziti se na izgled i funkcioniranje života kakav poznajemo. Zato je prijeko potrebno preispitivanje i obrazovanje o njemu na temelju tisućljetnih prokušanih principa.
The interrelationship between man and animals has been present since the dawn of civilisations. It was deeper and broader before than it is now. For this relationship to be healthy, empathy must be the foundation for it. In the society of Eskimos, North American Indians, and old Hebrews, we can find an example of this. They had everyday life interconnected with a fellow man, the living world and animals. From that relationship they could learn, they respected it, transmitted it to the next generations. As our forefathers beautifully said, animals were a treasure for them. Today, we need an optimal relationship for both sides to be satisfied in a biological sense as well as in bioethical one when we see life as a whole in which we all are interconnected. If in this weaving of life, we touch or tear one thread, the shudders and even holes will spread through life as we know it. That is why reconsideration and education in this sense are more than needed.
Neupitna je iznimno važna uloga koju pčele imaju u prirodi kao oprašivači biljaka i proizvođači određenih nezamjenjivih prirodnih proizvoda. No, u posljednje vrijeme sve se češće pčele spominju kao ...žrtve onečišćenja okoliša koje predstavlja stvarnu prijetnju njihovom opstanku. Pčele su opnokrilasti kukci koji broje oko 20 000 poznatih vrsta, a nama najpoznatija i najbliža je medonosna pčela, odnosno siva kranjska pčela (Apis mellifera carnica). Pčele su zaslužne za 87,5 % oprašivanja kod biljaka cvjetnjača, što je posebno važno u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji, dok se direktna korist od medonosnih pčela očituje i u pčelinjim proizvodima kao što su: med, vosak, propolis, pelud, otrov, matična mliječ. Stoga je ključno otkriti i pratiti na koji način i u kojoj mjeri onečišćivala poput teških metala i pesticida, iz vode, tla i zraka dospijevaju u biljke i njihove produkte kao i u same pčele. Sve se ono što pčele proizvode za sebe i ljudsku uporabu može odraziti na njihovo i na ljudsko zdravlje. Ovdje je potrebno sagledati cjelokupnu povezanost između, uvjetno rečeno, nežive prirode, tvari u vodi, tlu i zraku, s okolišnim uvjetima poput sve izraženije promjene staništa i klimatskih promjena te cjelokupni utjecaj na pčelinje populacije koje su se pokazale kao neprocjenjivi biopokazatelji u biomonitoringu onečišćenja okoliša.
https://doi.org/10.21860/j.10.2.9 Rad pruža osvrt na potrebu uvoÄ‘enja kolegija koji bi se bavio bioetiÄkim konceptima u visokoÅ¡kolskom obrazovanju na primjeru studijskog programa Inženjerstvo ...okoliÅ¡a na GeotehniÄkom fakultetu SveuÄiliÅ¡ta u Zagrebu. Radi se o studiju iz polja Temeljnih tehniÄkih znanosti gdje se moralno-etiÄki principi Äesto samo naÄelno podrazumijevaju, najÄešće u vidu tehniÄke etike. Iako profit tu igra veliku ulogu, moramo sagledati struku u Å¡irem kontekstu. U sklopu studija postoje kolegiji koji se u odreÄ‘enoj mjeri dotiÄu integrirane bioetiÄke tematike, ali u nedovoljnoj mjeri. U posljednje vrijeme poÄinje se prepoznavati mjesto koje bi bioetika mogla i trebala zauzimati u obrazovanju budućih inženjera okoliÅ¡a s obzirom na to da će oni svoj profesionalni rad usmjeravati prema razliÄitim aspektima. Pri tome treba imati na umu da njihovo inženjersko djelovanje utjeÄe na kvalitetu života i zdravlje ljudi, kao i na dobrobit drugih živih bića s kojima smo neraskidivo povezani. KljuÄne rijeÄi: etika, bioetika, obrazovanje, Inženjerstvo okoliÅ¡a
The catchment area of the Jadro and Žrnovnica springs, which is a typical Dinaric karst aquifer that supplies water to the city of Split and its surroundings, is studied in the paper. The trend of ...typical spring-water pollution indicators is analysed, water quality is estimated, and anthropogenic impact is assessed based on the COST 620 procedure, through analysis of hazards threatening to pollute water in this drainage area.
PDF
