Les excavacions realitzades al jaciment de la Cova d' en Pardo han permés diferenciar dues inhumacions en fossa fetes posteriorment a l' època en què s' usava la cavitat com a necròpolis d' inhumació ...múltiple. La datació d' una d' auqestes permet proposar la seua vinculació a la primeria del bronze final. Des d' una perspectiva pluridisciplinária es presenten dades que ens aproximen al context d' una pràctica fuberària, probablement vinvculada a l' ús de la cavitar per part de gent ramadera.
The lag phase has been widely studied for years in an effort to contribute to the improvement of food safety. Many analytical models have been built and tested by several authors. The use of ...Individual-based Modelling (IbM) allows us to probe deeper into the behaviour of individual cells; it is a bridge between theories and experiments when needed. INDividual DIScrete SIMulation (INDISIM) has been developed and coded by our group as an IbM simulator and used to study bacterial growth, including the microscopic causes of the lag phase. First of all, the evolution of cellular masses, specifically the mean mass and biomass distribution, is shown to be a determining factor in the beginning of the exponential phase. Secondly, whenever there is a need for an enzyme synthesis, its rate has a direct effect on the lag duration. The variability of the lag phase with different factors is also studied. The known decrease of the lag phase with an increase in the temperature is also observed in the simulations. An initial study of the relationship between individual and collective lag phases is presented, as a complement to the studies already published. One important result is the variability of the individual lag times and generation times. It has also been found that the mean of the individual lags is greater than the population lag. This is the first in a series of studies of the lag phase that we are carrying out. Therefore, the present work addresses a generic system by making a simple set of assumptions.
Malaria is still one of the most fatal diseases in the world. Development of an effective treatment or vaccine requires the cultivation of the parasite that causes it: Plasmodium falciparum. Several ...methods for in vitro cultivation of P. falciparum infected erythrocytes have been successfully developed and described in the last 30 years. Some problems arising from the current harvests are the low parasitaemia
and daily human supervision requirements. The lack of a suitable model for global culture behavior makes the assay of new
methodologies a costly and tenuous task. In this paper we present a model and simulation tool for these systems. We use the INDividual
DIScrete SIMulation protocol (INDISIM) to qualitatively reproduce the temporal evolution of the erythrocyte and merozoite
populations. Whole system dynamics are inferred by setting the rules of behavior for each individual red blood cell, such as the nutrient uptake, metabolism and infection processes, as well as the properties and rules for the culture medium: composition, diffusion and external manipulation. We set the individual description parameters according to the values in published data, and allow population heterogeneity. Cells are arranged in a three-dimensional grid and the study is focused on the geometric constraints and physical design of experimental sets. Several published experimental cultures have been reproduced with computer simulations of this model, showing that the observed experimental behavior can be explained by means of individual interactions and statistical laws.
This study evaluated the efficacy of switching to didanosine in patients who were clinically or immunologically progressing despite zidovudine therapy. This multicenter, open-label study involved 400 ...patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex (ARC), who had tolerated zidovudine for at least 12 weeks and had signs of clinical or immunological disease progression. They were randomly assigned to receive 600 mg/d of zidovudine (n = 133), 500 mg/d of didanosine (n = 131), or 200 mg/d of didanosine (n = 136). The primary end point was a new AIDS-defining event or death. The study was prematurely terminated, after the first interim analysis, mainly owing to results of two controlled studies demonstrating that a change to didanosine was associated with an improved outcome in patients with advanced HIV-1 disease. The median duration of follow-up was 53 weeks. The primary end point rates were 41, 58, and 59 (per 100 person-years) in the didanosine 500 mg, didanosine 200 mg, and zidovudine groups (zidovudine vs. didanosine 500 mg, relative risk 1.28, 95% confidence interval, 0.88-1.86, p = 0.19; didanosine 200 vs. 500 mg, relative risk 1.24, 95% confidence interval, 0.85-1.79, p = 0.26). In subjects with a baseline CD4 count of 100/mm super(3) or more, the primary end point rates were 8, 29, and 25 (per 100 person-years) in the didanosine 500 mg, didanosine 200 mg, and zidovudine groups, respectively (zidovudine vs. didanosine 500 mg, relative risk 2.96, 95% confidence interval 0.91-9.62, p = 0.07). No difference was seen in survival. In the didanosine 500 mg group, more patients had a 50% increase in CD4 cells (10% vs. 1% in zidovudine group, p = 0.01) and an increase of greater than or equal to 2.5 kg in body weight (2% versus 3%). Fatal pancreatitis developed in one patient assigned to didanosine 500 mg and in one to zidovudine. Our data suggest that switching from zidovudine to currently recommended doses of didanosine in subjects with ARC or AIDS who show evidence of clinical and laboratory disease progression can be associated with improvements in clinical outcome as well as in surrogate markers of HIV disease progression. This effect tended to be greater among individuals with higher CD4 counts (>100/mm super(3)).
