The prevalence of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) has become a significant public health challenge. The aim was to comprehensively estimate the national prevalence of HIV among MSM and its ...time trends through a large-scale systematic analysis.
Systematic search of Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data databases without language restriction for studies on the prevalence of HIV among MSM published before Dec.31, 2018. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were published in the peer-reviewed literature and used validated assessment methods to assess the prevalence of HIV among MSM. Estimates were pooled using random-effects analysis.
Data were extracted from 355 cross-sectional studies (571,328 individuals) covered 59 cities from 30 provinces and municipalities of China. The overall national prevalence of HIV among MSM from 2001 to 2018 was estimated to be 5.7% (95% CI: 5.4-6.1%), with high between-study heterogeneity (I
= 98.0%, P < 0.001). Our study showed an increased tendency in the HIV prevalence as time progressed by meta-regression analysis (I
= 95.9%, P < 0.0001). HIV prevalence was the highest in those aged 50 years and older with HIV prevalence of 19.3% (95%CI: 13.1-27.4%, N = 13). HIV was more prevalent in the illiterate population (16.8%), than in those who had received an education. Although the internet was a major venue for Chinese MSM seeking male sex partners (35.6, 95%CI: 32.3-39.9%, N = 101), seeking MSM in bathhouses/saunas had the highest associated prevalence of HIV (13.4, 95%CI: 10.3-17.1%, N = 22). The HIV prevalence among MSM varied by location: compared with other regions in China, HIV was highly prevalent among MSM in the southwest (10.7, 95%CI: 9.3-12.2%, N = 91). Compared to participants who sometimes or always used condoms, participants who had never used a condom in the past 6 months had a higher risk of HIV infection, with odds ratios of 0.1 (95%CI: 0.08-0.14).
Our analysis provided reliable estimates of China's HIV burden among MSM, which appears to present an increasing national public health challenge. Effective government responses are needed to address this challenge and include the implementation of HIV prevention.
Both Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas and the corresponding mesenchymal neoplasms are characterized by a variety of gene fusions involving TFE3. It has been known that tumors with different ...gene fusions may have different clinicopathologic features; however, further in-depth investigations of subtyping Xp11 translocation-associated cancers are needed in order to explore more meaningful clinicopathologic correlations. A total of 22 unusual cases of Xp11 translocation-associated cancers were selected for the current study; 20 cases were further analyzed by RNA sequencing to explore their TFE3 gene fusion partners. RNA sequencing identified 17 of 20 cases (85%) with TFE3-associated gene fusions, including 4 ASPSCR1/ASPL-TFE3, 3 PRCC-TFE3, 3 SFPQ/PSF-TFE3, 1 NONO-TFE3, 4 MED15-TFE3, 1 MATR3-TFE3, and 1 FUBP1-TFE3. The results have been verified by fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The remaining 2 cases with specific pathologic features highly suggestive of MED15-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma were identified by fusion FISH assay. We provide the detailed morphologic and immunophenotypic description of the MED15-TFE3 renal cell carcinomas, which frequently demonstrate extensively cystic architecture, similar to multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential, and expressed cathepsin K and melanotic biomarker Melan A. This is the first time to correlate the MED15-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma with specific clinicopathologic features. We also report the first case of the corresponding mesenchymal neoplasm with MED15-TFE3 gene fusion. Additional novel TFE3 gene fusion partners, MATR3 and FUBP1, were identified. Cases with ASPSCR1-TFE3, SFPQ-TFE3, PRCC-TFE3, and NONO-TFE3 gene fusion showed a wide variability in morphologic features, including invasive tubulopapillary pattern simulating collecting duct carcinoma, extensive calcification and ossification, and overlapping and high columnar cells with nuclear grooves mimicking tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Furthermore, we respectively evaluated the ability of TFE3 immunohistochemistry, TFE3 FISH, RT-PCR, and RNA sequencing to subclassify Xp11 translocation-associated cancers. In summary, our study expands the list of TFE3 gene fusion partners and the clinicopathologic features of Xp11 translocation-associated cancers, and highlights the importance of subtyping Xp11 translocation-associated cancers combining morphology, immunohistochemistry, and multiple molecular techniques.
•The effects of compositions on freeze–thaw resistance of UHPC were studied.•The SEM and MIP tests were conducted to reveal the freeze–thaw mechanism of UHPC.•The grey correlation entropy was used to ...evaluate the influence extent of factors on the freeze–thaw resistance of UHPC.
The concrete compositions have a crucial influence on the freeze–thaw resistance of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). The UHPCs with different concrete compositions were designed and prepared. Based on weight measurement and compressive strength test, the mass loss rate and compressive strength loss rate were used to evaluate the influence of different factors (water binder ratio, steel fiber, superplasticizer, silica fume and fly ash) on the freeze–thaw resistance of UHPC. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) test and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) test were carried out to reveal the freeze–thaw mechanism of UHPC. Furthermore, the grey correlation entropy method was employed to evaluate the influence extent of different factors on the freeze–thaw resistance of UHPC. The results show that the freeze–thaw resistance of UHPC can be improved with the reduction of water binder ratio, which indicates the lower average pore size and cumulative pore volume of UHPC with lower water binder ratio. The steel fiber, silica fume and fly ash can improve the freeze–thaw resistance of UHPC at a proper content. Among these factors, the most significant influencing factor is the water binder ratio, followed by the silica fume, steel fiber, superplasticizer, and the fly ash shows the least effect on the freeze–thaw resistance of UHPC.
Adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) are important for organogenesis, neurodevelopment, reproduction and other processes
. Many aGPCRs are activated by a conserved internal (tethered) ...agonist sequence known as the Stachel sequence
. Here, we report the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of two aGPCRs in complex with G
: GPR133 and GPR114. The structures indicate that the Stachel sequences of both receptors assume an α-helical-bulge-β-sheet structure and insert into a binding site formed by the transmembrane domain (TMD). A hydrophobic interaction motif (HIM) within the Stachel sequence mediates most of the intramolecular interactions with the TMD. Combined with the cryo-EM structures, biochemical characterization of the HIM motif provides insight into the cross-reactivity and selectivity of the Stachel sequences. Two interconnected mechanisms, the sensing of Stachel sequences by the conserved 'toggle switch' W
and the constitution of a hydrogen-bond network formed by Q
/Y
and the P
/V
φφG
motif (φ indicates a hydrophobic residue), are important in Stachel sequence-mediated receptor activation and G
coupling. Notably, this network stabilizes kink formation in TM helices 6 and 7 (TM6 and TM7, respectively). A common G
-binding interface is observed between the two aGPCRs, and GPR114 has an extended TM7 that forms unique interactions with G
. Our structures reveal the detailed mechanisms of aGPCR activation by Stachel sequences and their G
coupling.
•Proposing a new perspective of CS use in dyes selective and effective removal.•Constructing water- and acid-stablility composite film with simple physical modification.•Elucidating the mechanism of ...adsorption performance by CNF/CS films.
To effectively and selectively remove toxic anionic dyes which are heavily discharged and to promote them recovery, a sustainable cellulose nanofiber/chitosan (CNF/CS) composite film was elaborately designed through a facile procedure. Based on the strong supporting effect of CNF and excellent compatibility between CNF and CS, the composite film presents low swelling and acid-proof properties, which can prevent the adsorption process from the disintegration of adsorbent. Moreover, the positive electrical property of CNF/CS film increases the discrepancy in adsorption capacities for anionic and cationic dyes. The maximum adsorption capacity of anionic methyl orange (MO) on CNF/CS film reaches 655.23 mg/g with a desirable recyclability. The adsorption behavior attributed to a physico-chemical and monolayer adsorption process. This work opens a new route for the development of eco-friendly and highly efficient adsorbents on selective removal and recycling of anionic dyes from wastewater.
Higher-order topological insulators, as newly found non-trivial materials and structures, possess topological phases beyond the conventional bulk-boundary correspondence. In previous studies, in-gap ...boundary states such as the corner states were regarded as conclusive evidence for the emergence of higher-order topological insulators. Here, we present an experimental observation of a photonic higher-order topological insulator with corner states embedded into the bulk spectrum, denoted as the higher-order topological bound states in the continuum. Especially, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a new way to identify topological corner states by exciting them separately from the bulk states with photonic quantum superposition states. Our results extend the topological bound states in the continuum into higher-order cases, providing an unprecedented mechanism to achieve robust and localized states in a bulk spectrum. More importantly, our experiments exhibit the advantage of using the time evolution of quantum superposition states to identify topological corner modes, which may shed light on future exploration between quantum dynamics and higher-order topological photonics.
Typical sintering experiments were conducted to understand the spark plasma sintering (SPS) mechanisms. Based on the results of the direct visual observations and characteristic microstructure ...analysis, we believe that spark discharge does indeed occur during the SPS process. The high-temperature spark plasma could be generated in the microgaps due to the discharge effect. Fast and efficient sintering can be achieved under the combined action of spark discharge, Joule heating, electrical diffusion and plastic deformation effect in the SPS process.
The combination of mitochondrial targeting and chemodynamic therapy is a promising anti-cancer strategy. Three mitochondria targeting copper(II) complexes (Cu1-Cu3) with plumbagin and bipyridine ...ligands for enhanced chemodynamic therapy were synthesized and characterized. Their anti-proliferative activity to HeLa cells was higher than that of cisplatin, and their toxicity to normal cells was low. Cellular uptake and distribution studies indicated that Cu1 and Cu3 were mainly accumulated in mitochondria. The mechanism studies showed that Cu1 and Cu3 converted intracellular H
O
into toxic hydroxyl radicals by consuming glutathione, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Treatment with the copper complex caused ER stress and cell arrest in the S phase which resulted in apoptosis. In vivo, Cu1 and Cu3 effectively inhibited the growth of HeLa xenograft tumors without obvious toxic and side effects.
Abstract
To investigate if deep-sedated colonoscopy affects adenoma detection in certain colorectal segment. Review of colonoscopy reports, electronic images and medical records of individuals ...underwent screening colonoscopy with or without propofol sedation between October 2020 and March 2021 from seven hospitals in China. A total of 4500 individuals were analyzed. There was no significant difference in ADR between deep-sedated colonoscopy and unsedated colonoscopy 45.4% vs. 46.3%,
P
> 0.05. The APP of deep-sedated colonoscopy was lower than unsedated colonoscopy (1.76 ± 0.81 vs. 2.00 ± 1.30,
P
< 0.05). Both average number of adenomas and luminal distention score of splenic flexure and descending colon were lower in deep-sedated colonoscopy (
P
< 0.05), and average number of adenomas was positively correlated with an improved distension score in splenic flexure and descending colon (splenic flexure r = 0.031,
P
< 0.05; descending colon r = 0.312,
P
< 0.05). Linear regression model showed deep-sedated colonoscopy significantly affected luminal distention of splenic flexure and descending colon as well as average number of adenomas detected in splenic flexure (
P
< 0.05). Deep-sedated colonoscopy decreased adenoma detection in splenic flexure and the luminal distention of splenic flexure and descending colon compared with unsedated colonoscopy.
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