The paper delves into stereotypes and prejudice surrounding the initial female students at Zagreb’s Royal University of Francis Joseph I during the early 20th century. Across the region, including ...Croatia, access to universities was a challenge for women due to debates concerning their perceived roles. Although women gained admission to the University in 1895, it was limited to part-time status. However, a positive turn occurred in September 1901, allowing women to enroll as full-time students at the Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb. Examining contemporary stereotypes and prejudices, this contribution explores whether these women conformed to prevailing biases or navigated past them based on their experiences. Additionally, the paper will explore the reactions triggered by their presence at the university. Drawing from private sources like correspondence and memoirs, the paper will shed light on the firsthand experiences of these pioneering female students in an academic setting predominantly male. It aims to discuss women’s higher education in Croatia within the context of prevailing European stereotypes, particularly in Central Europe.
Rad se bavi obilježavanjem kulta Zrinskog i Frankopana među hrvatskom sveučilišnom mladeži na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu i na austrijskim sveučilištima. Na temelju izvora iz Arhiva Rektorata Sveučilišta u ...Zagrebu, Arhiva Filozofskog fakulteta te informacija iz onodobnih studentskih glasila, prikazuju se glavne studentske aktivnosti kojima se obilježavala obljetnica smrti P. Zrinskog i F. K. Frankopana (proslave, akademije, mise zadušnice i odlasci na grob u Bečko Novo Mjesto). U radu se obraća pozornost i na odnos sveučilišnih i civilnih vlasti prema tim studentskim manifestacijama te na priključivanje novih studentskih grupa tim proslavama, s obzirom na to da se na početku radilo isključivo o pravaškim sveučilištarcima, među kojima je kult Zrinskog i Frankopana bio osobito slavljen.
U radu je napravljena kvantitativna analiza zagrebačkih studenata Pravnog fakulteta porijeklom iz Dalmacije u razdoblju od osnutka modernog sveučilišta u Zagrebu 1874. do raspada Austro-Ugarske 1918. ...godine. Temelj istraživanja su studentski upisni listovi (nacijonali), iz kojih su detektirani oni studenti koji su kao svoje mjesto rođenja i/ili zavičajnosti naveli grad ili selo na području tadašnje austrijske pokrajine Dalmacije. Na temelju studentskih osobnih podataka bilo je moguće napraviti analizu njihove socijalne, vjerske, jezične strukture, prethodnog obrazovanja, duljine studiranja, pitanje stipendija i plaćanja školarine, a sve u kontekstu tadašnjih društveno-političkih prilika u zemlji.
This work examines the lenght of studies undertaken, as well as taking of exams which marked the culmination of studies: the 'rigorozi' and state exams for professors at secondary schools during the ...period from the creation of the University of Zagreb in 1874 to the beginning of the First World War.
Na temelju podataka iz upisnih nacionala iz Arhiva Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, u radu će se analizirati grupa studenata iz grada Splita koja je u razdoblju od osnutka modernog ...sveučilišta u Zagrebu 1874. do početka Prvog svjetskog rata 1914. studirala na Filozofskom (Mudroslovnom) fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Na temelju dostupnih osobnih podataka i podataka o obrazovanju, korištenjem kvantitativne metode napravljena je analiza njihova socijalnog podrijetla, zavičajne i obrazovne strukture, te analiza osnovnih obilježja njihova studija u Zagrebu.
Author analyzes university days of Bozena Kralj, married Dezelic, one of the first female students at Royal University of Franz Joseph I. in Zagreb. In the society of that time she made a ...breakthrough into strictly manly world--in 1911 she became the first girl accepted in the Croatian Catholic Academic Association >>Domagoj<<. This, naturally, provoked numerous reactions but in spite of isolation her contacts from that period remained stabile even in her later days when she became teacher in high school, wife of Velimir Dezelic Jr. and active member of female section of Catholic seniorate. Beside her activities in the social section of >>Domagoj<< Bozena Kralj during her university days worked on literacy of illiterate persons within >>ABC club<< at the University. With such a social life, which was followed with many rumors within conservative bourgeois environment, Bozena Kralj also won many battles in the academic field. She was supported by her family and friends, and managed to graduate at Faculty of philosophy in Zagreb. Soon after she also defended doctoral dissertation and became doctor of philosophy. During her studies she received bursary from Foundation of Julije Bubanovic of Yugoslavian Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was indicated as the best candidate for specialization in Slavic studies at University in Moscow in 1912/1913. Although, in contemporary Russia girls were not allowed to study at University, and their higher education was organized on level of High courses for girls, Bozena Kralj was permitted to study at Moscow Imperial University as a part-time student. KEY WORDS: Bozena Kralj, Dezelic family, 20th century, Croatian Catholic Academic Association >>Domagoj<<, higher education, gender history. U tekstu se govori o studentskim danima jedne odpripadnicaprvih generacija studentica koje su upisale Kraljevsko sveuciliste Franje Josipa I. u Zagrebu Bozene Kralj, udane Dezelic, kasnije clanice zenske sekcije Hrvatskoga katolickog seniorata. Studentica slavistike na zagrebackom Filozofskom fakultetu, bila je prva djevojka stipendistica tadasnje Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti na Sveucilistu u Moskvi, gdje odlazi na specijalizaciju, te izvanredno studira na Imperatorskom moskovskom univerzitetu u vrijeme dok u Rusiji djevojkama nije bio dozvoljen studij (1912./1913.). Jos jedna od barijera koju je probila bila je i clanstvo u Hrvatskome katolickom akademskom drustvu Domagoj 1911. godine, u kojem je bila prva primljena zenska clanica. Zapisi o njezinu studiranju zapravo otkrivaju niz podataka o zivotu djevojaka u akademskom svijetu pocetkom 20. stoljeca, o drustvenom zivotu katolicke mladezi ali i o predrasudama okoline s kojima se susretala. KLJUCNE RIJECI: Bozena Kralj, Dezelici, 20. st., HKAD >>Domagoj<<, visoko obrazovanje, zenska povijest.
On the basis of the articles published in the journal Luc author aims to reconstruct social life and activities of laic and clerical youth in Croatia in comparison with some other foreign university ...centres with Catholic academic organizations. Thus, social life of laic Catholic youth was organized through several Catholic associations, among which the most prominent were >>Hrvatska<< Croatia in Vienna and >>Domagoj<< in Zagreb. At the same time social life of young theologians (clerical youth) was organized by >>Zbor duhovne mladezi<< Association of spiritual youth. As at that time Catholic movement in Croatia was in expansion, this youth organized in above-mentioned organizations gathered under slogan >>God--People--social justice<< and stood up to defend Christian values. Their main purpose was to join together high-school and university youth that at that time largely accepted liberal ideas. However, except these activities that aimed towards religious life and broadening up their organization (the peak of this process was organization of >>Hrvatski katolicki dacki savez<< Croatian Catholic pupils' association), this Catholic youth expressed open interest regarding social justice and socially beneficial work among the lowest social strata. For example, many of them followed courses about social skills--especially under influence of Slovenian Janez Ev. Krek and his ideas about the Christian socialism--and put their efforts into literacy of the lower social strata. Similarly, they organized public lectures and fought against alcoholism. Moreover, they organized work of Drustvo sv. Jeronima Society of St. Jerome that spread literacy and literature among various social layers. Beside this, journal Luc reveals many information that helps to reconstruct, at least partially, leisure time of the Catholic youth in this period. The analysis of this data revealed that Catholic youth regarding the leisure followed path of joy-time of their mates who were members of other groups, but with the underlined Christian attributes. KEY WORDS: journal Luc, Catholic youth, Catholic associations, ecclesiastical history, social life, history of everyday life, 20th century. Stranice lista katolicke mladezi Luc donose bogate podatke o dokolici i drustvenom zivotu katolicke mladezi pocetkom 20. stoljeca. Casopis Luc redovito je pratio drustveni zivot i aktivnosti domace svjetovne i bogoslovne mladezi u Hrvatskoj, ali i u inozemnim sveucilisnim sredistima, gdje su postojale akademske katolicke organizacije. Drustveni zivot svjetovne katolicke mladezi odvijao se u okviru nekoliko organiziranih katolickih drustava kao i po ferijalnim katolickim drustvima, dok su bogoslovi svoje drustvene aktivnosti vodili u >>Zboru duhovne mladezi<<. Promatra se niz aktivnosti mladih i njihovo organiziranje, ali prije svega njihovo usmjerenje na drustveno-koristan rad medu pukom (drzanje tecajeva za opismenjivanje, puckih predavanja, osnivanje knjiznica, borba protiv alkoholizma i sl.). Osim toga Luc donosi i niz zanimljivih podataka koji pomazu barem djelomicno rekonstruirati provodenje slobodnog vremena katolicke mladezi u tom razdoblju. KLJUCNE RIJECI: casopis Luc, katolicka mladez, katolicka drustva, crkvena povijest, drustveni zivot, povijest svakodnevlja, 20. stoljece.
The issue of university education for women in Croatia was definitely positively solved when in September 1901 women were allowed to enrol as full-time students at the Faculty of Philosophy at the ...University in Zagreb by the decree of the Department for Theology and Teaching of the Royal Croatian-Slavonian-Dalmatian country government. As we have seen, teachers of the female boarding school in Zagreb, the first female education institution in Croatia where girls could get higher general education to prepare for studies, were the first to encourage the discussion about the university female education. Since 1895, women could be admitted to the University, but only as part-time students. It has to be emphasised that these important steps forward in female education happened shortly after other European Universities had opened their doors to women.
In the then atmosphere about the female education, the most acceptable opinion is that the study was almost an ideal solution for those girls from the upper classes who did not get married and thus would get a profession which will bring them financial independence. But, at the same time, in the then professional part of the public, there were also various positive and negative opinions about reasons why women should not be admitted to the university, about their intellectual abilities, about subjects for which they were more or less “predetermined”, etc. In any case, from quite frequent newspaper discussions, it can be seen that the society still became sensible about the issue of the female education.
