We conducted a case-control study of the association between SIL and HPV among whites (W), African Americans (AA), and Hispanics (H) in Harris County, Texas. Cases were identified at M.D. Anderson ...Cancer Center Colposcopy Clinic. Controls were identified among women obtaining routine Pap screening at two Harris County Health Department Clinics. HPV was detected by a PCR-based fluorescent assay. Dichotomous and polytomous logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odd ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for SIL among racial/ethnic groups and grade of disease. Prevalence of HPV infection was 64% in low grade SIL (LSIL), 84% in high grade SIL (HSIL), and 19% in controls. Risk of SIL was higher in H than in W and AA, AOR 29.5 (12.4-70.5), 15.3 (6.0-33.8), and 5.8 (2.6-12.6), respectively. Similarly, racial/ethnic differences were observed for both LSIL (AOR = 16.6, 7.7, and 4.3, respectively) and HSIL (AOR = 78.6, 34.6, and 14.2, respectively). Findings support the association between SIL and HPV and differences in the strength of the association with LSILs and HSILs. Data also suggest a higher risk for H and a lower risk for AA.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is associated with perinatal inflammatory triggers. Methods targeting bacterial rRNA may improve detection of microbial colonization in premature infants. We ...hypothesize that respiratory microbiota differs between preterm infants who develop BPD and those unaffected and correlates with inflammatory mediator concentrations.
Twenty-five infants, born at ≤32 wk of gestation and intubated in the first 24 h, were enrolled. Tracheal aspirates were obtained at intubation and on days 3, 7, and 28. Bacterial DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced. Concentrations of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12), tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) were measured. Chorioamnionitis was diagnosed by histology. BPD was defined as an oxygen requirement at 36 wk postmenstrual age.
Acinetobacter was the predominant genus in the airways of all infants at birth. Ten infants developed BPD and showed reduced bacterial diversity at birth. No differences were detected in bacterial diversity, cytokines, LPS, and LTA from infants with and without exposure to chorioamnionitis.
The airways of premature infants are not sterile at birth. Reduced diversity of the microbiome may be an important factor in the development of BPD and is not associated with differences in inflammatory mediators.
We sought to determine whether a low fermentable substrate diet (LFSD) decreases abdominal pain frequency in children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to identify potential microbial factors ...related to diet efficacy. Pain symptoms, stooling characteristics, breath hydrogen and methane, whole intestinal transit time, stool microbiome, and metabolite composition were collected and/or documented in eight children with IBS at baseline and during one week of an LFSD intervention. Pain frequency (P < 0.05), pain severity (P < 0.05), and pain-related interference with activities (P < 0.05) decreased in the subjects while on the LFSD. Responders vs. non-responders: four children (50%) were identified as responders (>50% decrease in abdominal pain frequency while on the LFSD). There were no differences between responders and non-responders with respect to hydrogen production, methane production, stooling characteristics, or gut transit time. Responders were characterized by increased pre-LFSD abundance of bacterial taxa belonging to the genera Sporobacter (P < 0.05) and Subdoligranulum (P < 0.02) and decreased abundance of taxa belonging to Bacteroides (P < 0.05) relative to non-responders. In parallel, stool metabolites differed between responders and non-responders and were associated with differences in microbiome composition. These pilot study results suggest that an LFSD may be effective in decreasing GI symptoms in children with IBS. Microbial factors such as gut microbiome composition and stool metabolites while on the diet may relate to LFSD efficacy.
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