Objective To estimate the risk for stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse surgery related to vaginal birth or cesarean delivery. Study Design A cohort study of all women having their ...first and all subsequent deliveries by cesarean (n = 33,167), and an age-matched sample of women only having vaginal deliveries (n = 63,229) between 1973 and 1983. Hazard ratios were calculated using Cox regression models with 95% confidence intervals. Results Women only having vaginal deliveries had increased overall risks of incontinence (hazard ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 2.4–3.6) and prolapse surgery (hazard ratio, 9.2; 95% confidence interval, 7.0–12.1) compared with women only having cesarean deliveries. Conclusion Having only vaginal childbirths was associated with a significantly increased risk of stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse surgery later in life compared with only having cesarean deliveries.
...although it is a clear advantage to have alternative measures of asthma and allergic disease, ideally, OTC sales should be considered when interpreting incidence trends. ...it is worth noting that ...the study populations were born during different time periods (1998-2011 in Denmark and 2006-2010 in Sweden). ...the Danish data cover both preschooler and school-aged children from 2006 onward, whereas the Swedish data show incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for infants only (<1 year) in 2007 and the IRR for 2010 represents 0- to 3-year-olds.
...born children had lower odds of asthma and respiratory diseases compared with first-born children with siblings but with no significant differences in the odds of diabetes, ADHD, and ...gastroenteritis. First-born children with sibling 1.00 1.00 First-born children without siblingsdouble dagger 1.03 (0.70-1.53) 0.98 (0.62-1.54) Second-born children 0.67 (0.50-0.91) 0.63 (0.45-0.89) <2 ylow * 0.99 (0.44-2.26) 0.99 (0.40-2.44) 2-4 y 0.60 (0.43-0.84) 0.55 (0.38-0.80) >=5 y 0.94 (0.54-1.65) 0.99 (0.54-1.80) Lower respiratory tract infection
In this population-based study on antibiotic treatment before, during and after pregnancy, using paternal exposure as negative control, we confirm that associations between maternal antibiotic ...exposure and childhood asthma is partly explained by familial confounding such as genes and environment.
For the early-childhood cohort, we used Cox regression with attained age as the underlying time scale to estimate hazard ratios of the association between parental age and asthma in offspring. ...Because of nonproportional hazards, age-specific hazard ratios are presented. Midchildhood Adjusted HR (95% CI)low * Adjusted HR (95% CI)dagger Adjusted HR (95% CI)double dagger Adjusted OR (95% CI)low * Adjusted OR (95% CI)dagger Adjusted OR (95% CI)double dagger Cohort analysis Cohort analysis Maternal age 0.99 (0.97-1.01) 0.95 (0.93-0.97) 0.94 (0.92-0.97) Maternal age 1.00 (0.98-1.02) 1.02 (1.00-1.04) 1.03 (1.00-1.05) Paternal age 0.95 (0.93-0.96) 0.93 (0.92-0.95) 0.94 (0.92-0.96) Paternal age 0.96 (0.95-0.98) 0.97 (0.95-0.98) 0.97 (0.96-0.99) Half-sibling analysis Half-sibling analysis Maternal age 0.92 (0.65-1.31) 0.83 (0.56-1.24) 0.45 (0.19-1.09) Maternal age 1.41 (1.02-1.96) 1.45 (0.99-2.11) 1.37 (0.83-2.25) Paternal age 0.83 (0.57-1.21) 0.83 (0.57-1.20) 0.54 (0.26-1.14) Paternal age 0.93 (0.67-1.28) 0.93 (0.68-1.29) 0.94 (0.60-1.46) Cousin analysis Cousin analysis Maternal age 0.95 (0.89-1.01) 0.88 (0.82-0.94) 0.85 (0.78-0.93) Maternal age 0.97 (0.91-1.03) 1.00 (0.94-1.06) 1.01 (0.93-1.08) Paternal age 0.97 (0.91-1.02) 0.95 (0.90-1.00) 0.95 (0.89-1.02) Paternal age 1.01 (0.96-1.06) 1.01 (0.96-1.07) 1.00 (0.95-1.07) Table I Within-family associations between parental age (per 5-year increase) and asthma in offspring from stratified Cox regression and conditional logistic regression, conditioning on half-sibling or cousin pairs HR, Hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio.
Little is known about the joint effects of maternal asthma and maternal depression on childhood asthma.
To examine whether maternal depression and maternal asthma lead to greater risk of childhood ...asthma than maternal asthma alone.
Cross-sectional studies of children (6-14 years old) in San Juan, Puerto Rico (n = 655) and Sweden (n = 6,887) were conducted. In Puerto Rico, maternal depressive symptoms were defined using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaire. In Sweden, maternal physician-diagnosed depression was derived from national registries, and maternal depressive symptoms were defined using an abbreviated CES-D questionnaire. Childhood asthma was defined as physician-diagnosed asthma plus current wheeze (in Puerto Rico) or plus medication use (in Sweden). Logistic regression was used for multivariable analysis.
Compared with Puerto Rican children whose mothers had neither asthma nor depressive symptoms, those whose mothers had asthma but no depressive symptoms had 3.2 times increased odds of asthma (95% confidence interval CI = 2.1-4.8) and those whose mothers had asthma and depressive symptoms had 6.5 times increased odds of asthma (95% CI = 3.3-13.0). Similar results were obtained for maternal depression and maternal asthma in the Swedish cohort (odds ratio for maternal asthma without maternal depression = 2.8, 95% CI = 2.1-3.7; odds ratio for maternal asthma and maternal depression = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.7-9.6). Although the estimated effect of maternal asthma on childhood asthma was increased when maternal depressive symptoms (Puerto Rico) or maternal depression (Sweden) was present, there were no statistically significant additive interactions.
Maternal depression can further increase the risk of asthma in children whose mothers have a history of asthma.
Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of surgically treated stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in relation to mode of delivery and age at first ...childbirth. Study Design This was a cohort study. Data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register on women with only cesarean delivery (n = 30,880 women) or only vaginal delivery (n = 59,585 women) were compared with the Swedish Patient Register to calculate incidence rates and hazard ratios (95% confidence interval CI) for SUI and POP surgery. Results In analyses that were stratified by age, vaginal delivery consistently increased the risks of SUI and POP surgery. Among vaginally delivered women who were ≥30 years old, incidence rates of POP surgery were 13.8 (95% CI, 12.7–15.1), and for younger women were 6.4 (95% CI, 6.0–6.8) per 10,000 person-years. Exclusion of instrumental vaginal delivery did not alter the conclusions. Conclusion Increasing age at first delivery increased the risk of subsequent SUI and POP surgery after both vaginal and cesarean delivery.
Associations Between Asthma and Puberty in Swedish Children Protudjer, Jennifer, PhD; Lundholm, Cecilia, MSc; Bergstrom, Anna, PhD ...
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY,
February 2013, Letnik:
131, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
PDF
