The maintenance of oral hygiene for hospitalized patients, particularly medically compromised and immune compromised patients, may reduce the risk of oral and systemic infection. Foam brushes have ...been recommended for use in these populations, however, the use of a foam brush has not been shown to be an acceptable alternative to the use of a toothbrush. In this study, we demonstrate that the use of a foam brush saturated with chlorhexidine was equally effective in measures of plaque levels and gingivitis as was the use of a toothbrush. Therefore if a toothbrush cannot be used in hospitalized patients, an alternative may be the use of chlorhexidine applied with a foam brush.
Wide quantum dots were fabricated from multiple quantum-well (MQW) structures based on Zn
1−
x
Mn
x
Te/ZnTe (
x = 0.076) dilute magnetic semiconductors and were investigated via photoluminescence ...(PL) in a magnetic field. Calculations taking into account the strain in the two types of structure enabled the PL transitions to be identified and show that the dominant emission in the MQWs is from heavy-hole (hh) excitons whereas in the quantum dots, the removal of the strain in the barrier layers generates a large biaxial tensile strain in the quantum wells which shifts the light-hole (lh) exciton to lower energy than the hh exciton. The lh exciton σ
+ transition is virtually independent of magnetic field whilst the hh exciton is field-dependent. Thus, at fields of 1–2 T, the hh exciton σ
+ transition again becomes the lowest-energy transition of the quantum dots. These observations are described by a model with a chemical valence band offset of 30% for Zn
1−
x
J:Mn
x
Te/ZnTe.
The preparation and biological evaluation of a series of 7 beta-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2(Z)-methoximinoacetamidocep halosporins, substituted at the 3'-position with monocyclic or bicyclic ...nitrogen-containing heterocycles are described. The resulting family of parenteral compounds displays a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Some compounds exhibit a similar level of Gram-negative activity to that of the "third-generation" cephalosporins with increased staphylococcal activity. The in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity, structure-activity relationships, beta-lactamase stability, and in vitro and in vivo pharmacological evaluations are presented.
Fifty-one chronically infected lactating dairy cows were used to evaluate the efficacy of extended pirlimycin therapy regimens for treatment of intramammary infections by environmental Streptococcus ...spp and Staphylococcus aureus. Cows (n = 47) with one or more infected mammary quarters were blocked by parity and randomly allocated to one of three groups for treatment with pirlimycin (50 mg/mammary quarter) as follows: one treatment per day for 2 days (n = 36 infected mammary quarters); one treatment per day for 5 days (n = 36 infected mammary quarters); and one treatment per day for 8 days (n = 20 infected mammary quarters). Four cows with nine infected mammary quarters were included as untreated controls. Milk samples from each mammary quarter were collected 7 days before treatment, immediately before treatment, and weekly for 4 weeks after the final treatment for microbiological evaluation. A bacteriologic cure was defined as a treated, infected quarter that was bacteriologically negative for the presence of previously identified bacteria at weekly intervals after treatment. Efficacy of pirlimycin therapy against intramammary infections caused by environmental Streptococcus spp and S. aureus was 44.4%, 61.1%, and 95.0% for the 2-, 5-, and 8-day treatment regimens, respectively. None of the infections in the untreated control quarters was cured. Significant differences in efficacy were detected between all pirlimycin groups and the untreated control group, between the 8- and 2-day treatment regimens, and between the 8-day and 5-day treatment regimens (P < or = .05). Results of this study indicate that extended pirlimycin therapy was effective in eliminating intramammary infections caused by environmental streptococci and S. aureus in lactating dairy cows.
Rabbit polyclonal antibody was raised to a chemically synthesized nonapeptide (Trp-Ala-Glu-Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-Lys) corresponding to the active-site sequence of Escherichia coli thioredoxin. The ...antiserum efficiently inhibited thioredoxin activity in the standard thioredoxin reductase/NADPH coupled assay. This inhibition was blocked by preincubation of the antiserum with the nonapeptide. Tight association of the E. coli thioredoxin to the active-site antibody required SDS denaturation. These results suggest that thioredoxin reductase (NADPH: oxidized-thioredoxin oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.5) alters the conformation of thioredoxin sufficiently to permit binding to the antibody. The antiserum bound to plant and liver thioredoxins. Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, whose active site (Gly-Pro-Cys-Lys) is homologous to that of thioredoxin, also competes for the active-site antibody. This result led to experiments showing that thioredoxin can inhibit the digestion of cytochrome c by trypsin. The ability of thioredoxin to act as a trypsin inhibitor analogue provides a rationale for thioredoxin's resistance to digestion by trypsin.
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