Induced membrane technique is a relatively new technique in the reconstruction of large bone defects. It involves the implantation of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement in the bone defects to ...induce the formation of membranes after radical debridement and reconstruction of bone defects using an autologous cancellous bone graft in a span of four to eight weeks. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical outcomes of the induced membrane technique for the treatment of post-traumatic osteomyelitis in 32 patients.
A total of 32 cases of post-traumatic osteomyelitis were admitted to our department between August 2011 and October 2012. This retrospective study included 22 men and ten women, with a mean age of 40 years (19 to 70). Within this group there were 20 tibias and 12 femurs with a mean defect of 5 cm (1.5 to 12.5). Antibiotic-loaded PMMA cement was inserted into the defects after radical debridement. After approximately eight weeks, the defects were implanted with bone graft.
The patients were followed for 27.5 months (24 to 32). Radiographic bone union occurred at six months for 26 cases (81%) and clinical healing occurred in 29 cases (90%) at ten months. A total of six cases had a second debridement before bone grafting because of recurrence of infection and one patient required a third debridement. No cases of osteomyelitis had recurred at the time of the last follow-up visit.
The induced membrane technique for the treatment of post-traumatic osteomyelitis is a simple, reliable method, with good early results. However, there are many challenges in determining the scope of the debridement, type of limb fixation and source of bone graft to be used.Cite this article: Dr Z. Xie. Induced membrane technique for the treatment of bone defects due to post-traumatic osteomyelitis. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:101-105. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.53.2000487.
Water vapor plays the key role in the global hydrologic cycle and climate change. However, the distribution and variability of water vapor in the troposphere is not understood well in the globe, ...particularly the high-resolution variation. In this paper, 13-year 2-h precipitable water vapors (PWV) are derived from globally distributed 155 Global Positioning System sites observations and global three-hourly surface weather data and six-hourly National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis products, which are the first used to investigate multiscale water-vapor variability on a global scale. It has been found that the distinct seasonal cycles are in summer with a maximum water vapor and in winter with a minimum water vapor. The higher amplitudes of annual PWV variations are located in midlatitudes with about 10-20 \pm 0.5 mm, and the lower amplitudes are found in high latitudes and equatorial areas with about 5 \pm 0.5 mm. The larger differences of mean PWV between in summer and winter are located in midlatitudes with about 10-30 mm, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. The semiannual variation amplitudes are relatively weaker with about 0.5 \pm 0.2 mm. In addition, significant diurnal variations of PWV are found over most International Global Navigation Satellite Systems Service stations. The diurnal (24 h) cycle has amplitude of 0.2-1.2 \pm 0.1 mm, and the peak time is from the noon to midnight. The semidiurnal (12 h) cycle is weaker, with amplitude of less than 0.3 mm.
•PODE shows an almost identical injection behavior compared to base diesel fuel.•The deviations from cycle to cycle are very small.•A correlation between the discharge coefficient and the Reynolds ...number for different energizing times was determined empirically.•PODE could be used as a suitable replacement for diesel as pilot fuel in dual fuel engines.
The aim of this study was to investigate the hydraulic stability of micro injections when using polyoxymethylenedimethylether (PODE) as pilot fuel for a dual fuel heavy-duty stationary engine. A two-layered 8-hole solenoid injector with an injection angle of 75° was used for the investigation. The challenge with regard to the investigated type of diesel-ignited gas engines is that the injector has to provide a stable injection for both full-diesel mode and dual fuel mode. The stability of the injection was evaluated using the following values: The injection rate, injection gravimetric quantity, injected amount of energy, standard deviation of the injection quantity, coefficient of variation of the injected quantity, the momentum flux, injection duration and injection delay at various pressures and energizing times with neat base diesel fuel, neat PODE and a 50- vol-% PODE-diesel-blend. PODE was found to have a similar gravimetric total injection rates of all holes compared to base diesel fuel with almost the same standard deviation. At higher injection pressures and longer energizing times, the influence of the fuel on the injection quantity becomes more relevant. The influence of the fuel on the injection delay and injection duration was found to be small. An empiric correlation between the discharge coefficient and the Reynolds number was determined which can be used to calculate the discharge coefficient. In summary, we can conclude that with regard to the hydraulic injection characteristics, PODE could be used as a suitable replacement for diesel as pilot fuel in dual fuel engines.
In this work, a series of biodegradable triblock poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PCL-PEG, PECE) copolymers were successfully synthesized by ring-opening ...copolymerization, and were characterized by
1H NMR, FT-IR, GPC, and DSC. Aqueous solutions of PECE copolymers underwent thermosensitive sol–gel–sol transition as temperature increases when the concentration was above corresponding critical gel concentration (CGC). Sol–gel–sol phase transition diagrams were recorded using test tube inverting method, which depended on hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance in macromolecular structure, as well as some other factors, including topology of triblock copolymers and solution composition of the hydrogel. As a result, the sol–gel–sol transition temperature range could be varied, which might be very useful for its application as injectable drug delivery systems. The
in vivo gel formation and degradation behavior was conducted by injecting aqueous PECE solution into KunMing mice subcutaneously.
In vitro degradation behavior,
in vitro drug release behavior, and cytotoxicity were also investigated in this paper. Therefore, owing to great thermosensitivity and biodegradability of these copolymers, PECE hydrogel is believed to be promising for
in situ gel-forming controlled drug delivery system.
Likelihood analysis of the minimal AMSB model Bagnaschi, E.; Borsato, M.; Sakurai, K. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
04/2017, Letnik:
77, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We perform a likelihood analysis of the minimal anomaly-mediated supersymmetry-breaking (mAMSB) model using constraints from cosmology and accelerator experiments. We find that either a wino-like or ...a Higgsino-like neutralino LSP,
χ
~
1
0
, may provide the cold dark matter (DM), both with similar likelihoods. The upper limit on the DM density from Planck and other experiments enforces
m
χ
~
1
0
≲
3
TeV
after the inclusion of Sommerfeld enhancement in its annihilations. If most of the cold DM density is provided by the
χ
~
1
0
, the measured value of the Higgs mass favours a limited range of
tan
β
∼
5
(and also for
tan
β
∼
45
if
μ
>
0
) but the scalar mass
m
0
is poorly constrained. In the wino-LSP case,
m
3
/
2
is constrained to about
900
TeV
and
m
χ
~
1
0
to
2.9
±
0.1
TeV
, whereas in the Higgsino-LSP case
m
3
/
2
has just a lower limit
≳
650
TeV
(
≳
480
TeV
) and
m
χ
~
1
0
is constrained to
1.12
(
1.13
)
±
0.02
TeV
in the
μ
>
0
(
μ
<
0
) scenario. In neither case can the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon,
(
g
-
2
)
μ
, be improved significantly relative to its Standard Model (SM) value, nor do flavour measurements constrain the model significantly, and there are poor prospects for discovering supersymmetric particles at the LHC, though there are some prospects for direct DM detection. On the other hand, if the
χ
~
1
0
contributes only a fraction of the cold DM density, future LHC
-based searches for gluinos, squarks and heavier chargino and neutralino states as well as disappearing track searches in the wino-like LSP region will be relevant, and interference effects enable
BR
(
B
s
,
d
→
μ
+
μ
-
)
to agree with the data better than in the SM in the case of wino-like DM with
μ
>
0
.
The microwave drying performance of lignite thin layer in a bench-scale setup was highlighted in terms of three additives with 10% dosage. The dielectric loss for dried lignite, raw lignite, ...lignite/coal fly ash, lignite/Na
2
SO
4
, and lignite/Na
2
CO
3
at 2,450 MHz were 0.06, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, and 0.18. In comparison with raw lignite, the average temperature rising of the thin layer at 385 W for lignite blending with sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, and coal fly ash was about 10, 7, and 2°C. The apparent activation energies of both falling rate periods for lignite blending with three additives were less than that of raw lignite. Sodium carbonate among three additives could be preferable one, followed by sodium sulfate and coal fly ash. The energy efficiency increased with the addition of sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, and coal fly ash. The required electricity energy for lignite/Na
2
CO
3
blend at 385 W was reduced by about one half compared with the raw lignite.
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