Summary
Background Nationwide data on the epidemiology of dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) were limited.
Objectives This study was to estimate the incidence, occurrence of cancer and ...mortality of DM and PM in Taiwan.
Methods Both the register of critical illness of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Dataset and the National Death Registry of Taiwan were used to calculate estimates of the incidence, cancer association, and mortality of DM and PM between 2003 and 2007.
Results A total of 803 DM and 500 PM cases were identified between 2003 and 2007. Mean age at diagnosis was 44·0 ± 18·3 years for DM and 49·2 ± 15·9 years for PM. The overall annual incidences of DM and PM were 7·1 (95% CI 6·6–7·6) and 4·4 (95% CI 4·0–4·8) cases per million population. The incidence of both DM and PM increased with age and reached a peak at age 50–59 years. One hundred and eleven (13·8%) patients with DM and 31 (6·2%) patients with PM had cancers. The diagnosis of most cancers was made after the diagnoses of DM (n = 71; 64·0%) and PM (n = 21; 67·7%). Overall, the standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for cancer were 5·36 (4·12–6·87) and 1·80 (1·10–2·79) among patients with DM and PM; however, during the first year, SIRs for cancer were 24·55 (95% CI 18·62–31·79) and 9·17 (95% CI 14·82–15·93) in patients with DM and PM, respectively. The most common types of cancer were nasopharyngeal cancer for men and breast cancer for women. Patients with DM and PM had standardized mortality ratios of 7·68 (6·41–9·01) and 5·29 (4·28–6·48).
Conclusion This study reports robust estimates of important aspects of the epidemiology of both DM and PM in Taiwan. This highlights the rarity of these diseases, and their associated cancer risks and increased mortality.
•A measuring method of discharge coefficient of each nozzle hole was proposed.•The differences in discharge coefficient of each nozzle hole were primarily studied.•Two effects on transient discharge ...coefficient of each nozzle hole were analyzed.
The objective of this paper is to propose a measuring method based on the spray momentum flux measurement of each nozzle hole that could be used to determine the transient discharge coefficient of each nozzle hole of a multi-hole diesel injector. For this purpose, a measurement system for the transient discharge coefficient of each nozzle hole was established utilizing a conventional injection system of pump-line-nozzle and a dedicated constructed experimental rig. By measuring the spray momentum flux of each nozzle hole of the multi-hole fuel injector and injection pressure of the pump-pipe-injector fuel delivery system, the discharge coefficient of each nozzle hole was obtained, and analyzed throughout the injection duration and with different injection pump speeds and cycle fuel injection quantities. The results show that the transient discharge coefficient of each nozzle hole changes constantly, meanwhile, the variations of the transient discharge coefficient of the nozzle holes were similar. However, the discharge coefficient of the nozzle holes were not uniform at the same operating condition and that of the No.5 was apparently lower than that of the others. With increasing cam speed, the fluctuations of the discharge coefficients were variably stable at the maximum needle position.The fluctuations of the discharge coefficients of the nozzle holes were higher for the smaller cycle fuel injection quantity, but as the fluctuation gradually became smaller, the mean discharge coefficient of each nozzle hole increased slightly with increasing cycle fuel injection quantity.
Capability of satellite-aided ballistic capture Luo, Z.-F.; Topputo, F.
Communications in nonlinear science & numerical simulation,
July 2017, 2017-07-00, 20170701, Letnik:
48
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
•An existing method is modified to account for the presence of planets’ natural moons.•The role of the moons in improving ballistic capture orbits is discussed with case studies.•Comparisons against ...the case of moon-free scenario are given.
In this paper we study a special instance of ballistic capture dynamics: the case in which the capture orbit about a planet experiences a close passage to one or more of its natural satellites. The capability of the satellites in improving ballistic capture is assessed. The dynamical framework considers at least the gravitational attractions of the Sun, the planet, and its satellites, all acting on a massless particle. The effect of the satellites is introduced explicitly by modifying a previously developed method, which relies on three-dimensional stable sets and n-body dynamics with precise ephemeris. Once a stability criterium is defined, initial conditions defined over a computational grid are integrated forward and backward. This allows us to classify orbits into different sets. Ballistic capture orbits with prescribed features are generated by manipulating these sets. Two indices, namely the hyperbolic velocity and the stability index, are used to assess the performance of pre- and post-capture portions, respectively. A Pareto frontier is used to extract orbits of practical interest. Case studies are performed in the context of Earth and Jupiter environments. Comparing to the situation with no moons, the satellite-aided ballistic capture can evidently increase the pre-capture energy and post-capture stability, so making it possible to have permanent capture of a particle at zero-cost. This is a desirable feature in mission design.
Intestinal fistula is one of the common diseases and complications in abdominal surgery. It does not only cause severe abdominal infections but also leads to obstruction, bleeding, malnutrition, and ...may develop into complex intestinal fistulas, resulting in increased challenges in treatment, elevated treatment costs, and increased risk of patient mortality. At present, the treatment of intestinal fistula mainly adopts a three-stage approach: (1) early diagnosis, (2) mid-term nutritional support treatment, and (3) definitive surgical treatment. Nutritional support treatment can significantly reduce patient mortality and improve recovery. Due to the difficulty, complexity, and diversity of intestinal fistula treatment, and the fact that complex intestinal fistulas are currently a challenge in the treatment of intestinal fistulas, this article will introduce the progress and difficulties at different stages, and explore the future treatment direction of intestinal fistulas from the perspective of interdisciplina
Thermosensitive hydrogels are very important biomaterials used in drug delivery systems (DDSs), which gained increasing attention of researchers. Thermosensitive hydrogels have great potential in ...various applications, such as drug delivery, cell encapsulation, tissue engineering, and etc. Especially, injectable thermosensitive hydrogels with lower sol-gel transition temperature around physiological temperature have been extensively studied. By in vivo injection, the hydrogels formed non-flowing gel at body temperature. Upon incorporation of pharmaceutical agents, the hydrogel systems could act as sustained drug release depot in situ. Injectable thermosensitive hydrogel systems have a number of advantages, including simplicity of drug formulation, protective environment for drugs, prolonged and localized drug delivery, and ease of application. The objective of this review is to summarize fundamentals, applications, and recent advances of injectable thermosensitive hydrogel as DDSs, including chitosan and related derivatives, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based (PNIPAAM) copolymers, poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(propylene oxide) (PEO/PPO) copolymers and its derivatives, and poly(ethylene glycol)/ biodegradable polyester copolymers.
•To assess the role played by the dynamical model and planetary eccentricity in the ballistic capture about a planet.•To study the effect of planet true anomaly, in a quantitative and qualitative ...way.•To evaluate the effect of spatial distribution on ballistic capture orbits.
Analysis of ballistic capture orbits in Sun–planet systems is conducted in this paper. This mechanism utilizes purely gravitational forces, and may occur in non-Keplerian regimes. Ballistic capture orbits are generated by proper manipulation of sets of initial conditions that satisfy a simple definition of stability. Six Sun–planet systems are considered, including the inner planets, Jupiter, and Saturn. The role of planets orbital eccentricity, their true anomaly, and mass ratios is investigated. Moreover, the influence of the post-capture orbit in terms of inclination and orientation is also assessed. Analyses are performed from qualitative and quantitative perspective. The quality of capture orbits is measured by means of the stability index, whereas the capture ratio gives information on their statistical occurrence. Some underlying principles on the selection of the dynamical model, the initial true anomaly, and inclination are obtained. These provide a reference for practical cases.
•Mo-containing RCCAs have in general a higher σy1000 than those RCCAs not containing Mo.•The effect of Mo on σy1000is attributed to its large χ rather than to its high Tm.•The large electronegativity ...of Mo also favors the σy25 of single-bcc-phase RCCAs.
Refractory complex concentrated alloys, RCCAs, show great potential for ultrahigh-temperature applications. High-temperature strength is one of the key requirements for RCCAs to qualify for that purpose. Some RCCAs already show superior high-temperature strength than that of commercial Ni-based superalloys, but many other RCCAs do not. It is thus important to identify the key factors that control the high-temperature strength of RCCAs. In this work, based on a statistic analysis of the yield strength at 1000 °C (σy1000) for 55 reported RCCAs, interestingly, it is revealed that Mo-containing RCCAs have in general a higher σy1000 than those RCCAs not containing Mo. The effect of Mo is attributed to its larger electronegativity and hence the larger electronegativity difference to other alloying elements, rather than to its higher melting point. The previously established proposal that a large electronegativity difference favoring the charge transfer and creating an atomic-level pressure that contributes to the strengthening of RCCAs at room temperature, seems effective even at a high temperature of 1000 °C. In addition, the large electronegativity difference also favors the room-temperature strength of single-bcc-phase RCCAs. The findings from this work, further verified experimentally in six new RCCAs, shed light on new research directions to develop RCCAs with decent strength at both high temperatures and room temperature, using a simple descriptor on the electronegativity difference.
Highly biodiversity communities have been shown to better resist plant invasions through complementarity effects. Species richness (SR) is a widely used biodiversity metric but lacks explanatory ...power when there are only a few species. Communities with low SR can have a wide variety of phylogenetic diversities (PD), which might allow for a better prediction of invasibility.
We assessed the effect of diversity reduction of a wetland community assemblage typical of the Beijing area on biotic resistance to invasion of the exotic weed Alternanthera philoxeroides and compared the reduction in SR and PD in predicting community invasibility.
The eight studied resident species performed similarly when grown alone and when grown in eight‐species communities together with the invasive A. philoxeroides. Variation partitioning showed that PD contributed more to variation in both A. philoxeroides traits and community indicators than SR. All A. philoxeroides traits and community indicators, except for evenness index, showed a linear relationship with PD. However, only stem length of A. philoxeroides differed between the one‐ and two‐species treatments, and the diversity index of the communities differed between the one‐ and two‐species treatments and between the one‐ and four‐species treatments.
Our results showed that in natural or semi‐natural wetlands with relatively low SR, PD may be a better predictor of invasibility than SR. When designing management strategies for mitigating A. philoxeroides invasion, deliberately raising PD is expected to be more efficient than simply increasing species number.
In natural or semi‐natural wetlands with relatively low Species richness (SR), Phylogenetic diversities (PD) may be a better predictor of invasibility than Species richness (SR).
Abstract Objective Open reduction and internal fixation of two column posterior and lateral tibial plateau fractures through a combined posterior reversed L-shaped and anterolateral approach in ...floating position in Caucasians. Indications Two column posterior and lateral tibial plateau fractures. Contraindications Tibial plateau fractures that do not involve the posterior and lateral column. Surgical technique The patient is positioned in floating position, a reversed L-shaped skin incision is made, the posterior column after lateral retraction of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle is exposed, and the posterior fragments are reduced and fixed. Subsequently, flexion and varus stress on the knee is applied, an anterolateral skin incision is made, the lateral column is exposed, and the lateral fragments are reduced and fixed. Conclusion Despite a different physique as Asians, a combined posterior reversed L-shaped and anterolateral approach in a floating position for the surgical treatment of two column posterior and lateral tibial plateau fractures is technically possible in Caucasians. In our experience, this combined approach is an excellent strategy in most patients for surgical treatment of two column posterior and lateral column fractures.
Abstract
This study simulated the process of storm surge in the Eastern China Sea (ECS) during typhoon Lekima, based on the MIKE3 wind-surge model driven by the reconstructed typhoon wind field, ...which was calculated by the Holland empirical formula. The results show that, affected by shoreline and topography, the storm surge in the Hangzhou Bay and the Taizhou Bay can be more than 3.0 m during typhoon Lekima. During the typhoon, the maximum storm surge on the right side of the track was relatively larger than that on the left side, especially along the coast. And the value of maximum current speed was more than 2.5 m/s, which can be obtained in the coast of Zhejiang. The storm current speed at stations presented logarithmic distribution along the depth generally, either the astronomical tide or storm tide. The vertical structure of current velocity responded to typhoon Lekima presented obvious layered distribution. The value of current speed inner the layers was more than that in the side of the layer.
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