To solve the problems of local optimum, slow convergence speed and low search efficiency in ant colony algorithm, an improved ant colony optimization algorithm is proposed. The unequal allocation ...initial pheromone is constructed to avoid the blindness search at early planning. A pseudo-random state transition rule is used to select path, the state transition probability is calculated according to the current optimal solution and the number of iterations, and the proportion of determined or random selections is adjusted adaptively. The optimal solution and the worst solution are introduced to improve the global pheromone updating method. Dynamic punishment method is introduced to solve the problem of deadlock. Compared with other ant colony algorithms in different robot mobile simulation environments, the results showed that the global optimal search ability and the convergence speed have been improved greatly and the number of lost ants is less than one-third of others. It is verified the effectiveness and superiority of the improved ant colony algorithm.
The mass gaps existing in the discovered single heavy flavor baryons are analyzed, which show some universal behaviors. Under the framework of a constituent quark model, we quantitatively explain why ...such interesting phenomenon happens, when these established excited heavy baryons are regarded as the
λ
-mode excitations. Based on the universal behaviors of the discussed mass gaps, we may have three implications including the prediction of the masses of excited
Ξ
b
0
baryons which are still missing in the experiment. For completeness, we also discuss the mass gaps of these
ρ
-mode excited single heavy flavor baryons.
Resolving the low mass puzzle of Λc(2940) Luo, Si-Qiang; Chen, Bing; Liu, Zhan-Wei ...
European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
04/2020, Letnik:
80, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
For the long standing low mass puzzle of
Λ
c
(
2940
)
+
, we propose an unquenched picture. Our calculation explicitly shows that the mass of the
Λ
c
(
2
P
,
3
/
2
-
)
state can be lowered down to be ...consistent with the experimental data of
Λ
c
(
2940
)
+
by introducing the
D
∗
N
channel contribution. It means that the low mass puzzle of
Λ
c
(
2940
)
+
can be solved. What is more important is that we predict a mass inversion relation for the 2
P
Λ
c
+
states, i.e., the
Λ
c
(
2
P
,
1
/
2
-
)
state is higher than the
Λ
c
(
2
P
,
3
/
2
-
)
, which is totally different from the result of conventional quenched quark model. It provides a criterion to test such an unquenched scenario for
Λ
c
(
2940
)
+
. We expect the future experimental progress from the LHCb and Belle II.
The evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis and the novel weapons hypothesis (NWH) are two non-mutually exclusive mechanisms for exotic plant invasions, but few studies have ...simultaneously tested these hypotheses. Here we aimed to integrate them in the context of Chromolaena odorata invasion.
We conducted two common garden experiments in order to test the EICA hypothesis, and two laboratory experiments in order to test the NWH.
In common conditions, C. odorata plants from the nonnative range were better competitors but not larger than plants from the native range, either with or without the experimental manipulation of consumers. Chromolaena odorata plants from the nonnative range were more poorly defended against aboveground herbivores but better defended against soilborne enemies. Chromolaena odorata plants from the nonnative range produced more odoratin (Eupatorium) (a unique compound of C. odorata with both allelopathic and defensive activities) and elicited stronger allelopathic effects on species native to China, the nonnative range of the invader, than on natives of Mexico, the native range of the invader.
Our results suggest that invasive plants may evolve increased competitive ability after being introduced by increasing the production of novel allelochemicals, potentially in response to naïve competitors and new enemy regimes.
Endured, low‐cost, and high‐performance flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) featuring lightweight and mechanical flexibility have attracted tremendous attention for portable power source ...applications. However, flexible PSCs typically use expensive and fragile indium–tin oxide as transparent anode and high‐vacuum processed noble metal as cathode, resulting in dramatic performance degradation after continuous bending or thermal stress. Here, all‐carbon‐electrode‐based flexible PSCs are fabricated employing graphene as transparent anode and carbon nanotubes as cathode. All‐carbon‐electrode‐based flexible devices with and without spiro‐OMeTAD (2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis‐(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene) hole conductor achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 11.9% and 8.4%, respectively. The flexible carbon‐electrode‐based solar cells demonstrate superior robustness against mechanical deformation in comparison with their counterparts fabricated on flexible indium–tin oxide substrates. Moreover, all carbon‐electrode‐based flexible PSCs also show significantly enhanced stability compared to the flexible devices with gold and silver cathodes under continuous light soaking or 60 °C thermal stress in air, retaining over 90% of their original PCEs after 1000 h. The promising durability and stability highlight that flexible PSCs are fully compatible with carbon materials and pave the way toward the realization of rollable and low‐cost flexible perovskite photovoltaic devices.
An endurable all‐carbon‐electrode‐based flexible perovskite solar cell is developed, employing graphene as front transparent electrode and carbon nanotubes as back electrode. All‐carbon‐electrode‐based flexible perovskite solar cells with and without the spiro‐OMeTAD (2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis‐(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene) hole transport material show power conversion efficiencies of 11.8% and 8.3%, respectively. Moreover, flexible devices demonstrate outstanding bending durability and thermal stability.
Spectroscopic behavior of fully heavy tetraquarks An, Hong-Tao; Luo, Si-Qiang; Liu, Zhan-Wei ...
European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
08/2023, Letnik:
83, Številka:
8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Stimulated by the observation of the
X
(6900) from LHCb in 2020 and the recent results from CMS and ATLAS in the di-
J
/
ψ
invariant mass spectrum, in this work we systematically study all possible ...configurations for the ground states of fully heavy tetraquark in the constituent quark model. By our calculation, we present their spectroscopic behaviors including binding energy, lowest meson–meson thresholds, specific wave function, magnetic moment, transition magnetic moment, radiative decay width, rearrangement strong width ratio, internal mass contributions, relative lengths between (anti)quarks, and the spatial distribution of four valence (anti)quarks. We cannot find a stable S-wave state for the fully heavy tetraquark system. We hope that our results will be valuable to further experimental exploration of fully heavy tetraquark states.
Dynamic reconfiguration of the human brain is characterized by the nature of complexity. The purpose of this study was to measure such complexity and also analyze its association with age. We modeled ...the dynamic reconfiguration process by dynamic functional connectivity, which was established by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, and we measured complexity within the dynamic functional connectivity by sample entropy (SampEn). A brainwide map of SampEn in healthy subjects shows larger values in the caudate, the olfactory gyrus, the amygdala, and the hippocampus, and lower values in primary sensorimotor and visual areas. Association analysis in healthy subjects indicated that SampEn of the amygdala-cortical connectivity decreases with advancing age. Such age-related loss of SampEn, however, disappears in patients with schizophrenia. These findings suggest that SampEn of the dynamic functional connectivity is a promising indicator of normal aging.
With the aging of the population, sarcopenia has become more common. Studies have shown a broad association between liver disease and sarcopenia. However, this link remains unclear. Our study ...explored the link between NAFLD and sarcopenia and predicting the pathogenesis. To begin, we investigated the causal relationship and genetic correlation between them using MR and LDSC. Second, each GWAS was annotated by MAGMA. The annotated genes were analyzed for pleiotropy using the PLACO approach. Finally, functional analysis was conducted on the identified pleiotropic genes. We observed a significant genetic correlation between NAFLD and sarcopenia. Subsequently, we conducted gene-level pleiotropy analysis using PLACO and identified a total of 153 genes with pleiotropic effects. Functional analysis revealed enrichment of these genes in various tissues, including pancreas, liver, heart, blood, brain, and muscle, with involvement in cellular regulation, intracellular function, and antigen response. Moreover, our MR analysis provided evidence of a causal relationship between NAFLD and sarcopenia. Our study has discovered the genetic and causal relationships between NAFLD and sarcopenia, providing further insights into their pathophysiological mechanisms. The identification of pleiotropic genes also offers potential targets for future drug therapies aimed at controlling or treating NAFLD and sarcopenia.
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