Siemens was the largest electrotechnical company operating in Russia before 1914. Beginning during World War I, and finally as a result of the Bolshevik industrial nationalization, Siemens lost its ...Russian property. But even after the October Revolution there was common ground for business relations between the Soviet government and Siemens. Soviet Russia on the one hand depended on foreign trade to accomplish its industrialization and electrification goals. Siemens, on the other hand, was looking for new markets to lower the negative effects of the economic crisis in Germany and the loss of Western markets during World War I. Bilateral German-Soviet relations were gradually established after 1921 and provided a framework of treaties for these business relations. However, the actual establishment of these trade relations between the German company and Soviet Russia remained difficult. Siemens was skeptical about even beginning to communicate with the Bolsheviks and very critical about the general perspectives of Soviet trade. Based on the assumptions of the New Institutional Economics theory, this article focuses on the establishment of communication and business relations between Siemens and Soviet Russia. It will be argued that information, cultural knowledge and trust had a significant influence on the corporate strategy. The establishment of business relations between Siemens and Soviet Russia will therefore be interpreted in this article as an institution building process. Abstract printed by permission of the publisher
L -Serine methyl ester hydrochloride Schouten, Arie; Lutz, Martin
Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online,
12/2009, Letnik:
65, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
In the enantiopure crystal of the title compound, C4H10NO3+·Cl−, intermolecular O—H...Cl and N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds link the molecules into layers parallel to (001).
The chiral prolinol-derived ligands Py(ProOH)
2 and Py(ProPh
2OH)
2 form diastereopure hexa-coordinated Fe(II) complexes with one labile coordination side. These complexes are able to oxidize alkenes ...to epoxides with modest product selectivities. In addition, sulfides are oxidized to sulfoxides with high product selectivities, but with low ee’s.
Mononuclear iron(II) complexes of enantiopure Py(ProOH)
2 (
2) and Py(ProPh
2OH)
2 (
3) ligands have been prepared with FeCl
2 and Fe(OTf)
2
·
2MeCN. Both ligands coordinate to the metal in a pentadentate fashion. Next to the meridional
N,
N′,
N-coordination of the ligand, additional coordination of the oxygen atoms of both hydroxyl groups to the metal is found in complexes
4–
7. Complex FeCl(
2)(Cl) (
4) shows an octahedral geometry as determined by X-ray diffraction and is formed as a single diastereoisomer. The solution structures of complexes
4–
7 were characterized by means of UV–Vis, IR, ESI-MS, conductivity and CD measurements. The catalytic potential of these complexes in the oxidation of alkenes and sulfides in the presence of H
2O
2 is presented.
The synthesis and structural characterization of
para-OH functionalized ECE pincer complexes are reported. These complexes were found to self-assemble by means of hydrogen bonding between the ...metal–halide or cationic metal fragment and the hydroxy group to form polymers or dimers, respectively.
Various
para-OH functionalized ECE–pincer metal complexes MX(ECE–OH)L
n
(ECE–OH
=
C
6H
2(CH
2E)
2-2,6-OH-4
−, E
=
NMe
2, PPh
2 and SPh) were synthesized. The X-ray crystal structures of neutral PdCl(SCS–OH), PdCl(NCN–OH), and cationic Pd(PCP–OH)(MeCN)(BF
4) are reported. The neutral halide complexes exhibit self-assembly to form polymeric chains
via H-bonding involving the
para-OH group as donors and the halide ligand on the metal as acceptors. Moreover, the halide ligand can be replaced by a monomeric aryloxy-O ligand leading to the formation of a covalently bonded dimer. The crystal structure of such a dimer derived from PdI(NCN–OH) is reported. Furthermore, these pincer–metal complexes were tethered through a carbamate linker to a siloxane functionality with the aim to be immobilized on a silica support. The crystal structure of a siloxane-functionalized PtI(NCN–Z) complex exemplifies how other H-bonding interactions not involving the metal–halide groupings can lead to polymeric networks as well.
Reaction of o-diethynylbenzene with transition metal-complexed primary phosphines gives in a single base-induced step stable phosphepine complexes as confirmed by X-ray data. At 75−80 °C these ...phosphepines undergo clean cheletropic elimination of naphthalene to give transient carbene-like phosphinidene complexes that can be trapped in high yield by alkenes, alkynes, and alcohols.
The first cooperative catalytic reactivity of neutral Cu(PNP)-complexes (PNP=2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)pyridine) is reported. An all-inclusive CuI precursor can be successfully employed in ...Cu-catalyzed azide–alkyne cyclization reactions. We have extended this strategy to bidentate PN-ligands as well. The molecular structure for the dimeric CuBr-complex of 2-methyl-6-di-tert-buytlphosphinomethylpyridine is also reported. Display omitted
► Synthesis and coordination chemistry with Cu(I) of new bidentate P,N-ligand. ► First description of noninnocence in PN-ligand backbone. ► Molecular structure of dimeric copper(I)-complex of new P,N-ligand. ► Cooperative catalysis in click reaction with two all-inclusive Cu(I) species.
We describe the synthesis and characterization of compound L1H, 2-di(tert-butyl)phosphinomethyl-6-methylpyridine, and the first dimeric CuI complex 3 with this novel bidentate NPtBu ligand. We also demonstrate for the first time that this ligand scaffold exhibits noninnocent reactivity through dearomatization behavior, similar to its well-studied tridentate analog L2H, 2,6-bis((di-tert-butylphosphino)methyl)pyridine PNPtBu. The molecular structure of Cu(CCPh)(L2H)2 is reported, which is a rare case of a crystallographically characterized copper-acetylide dimer. We also demonstrate that copper(I) complexes with either ligand L1H or L2H or their dearomatized counterparts may act as active, cooperative catalysts for the 2+3 polar cycloaddition of azides and acetylenes. These results represent the first indications of selective Cu-based cooperative catalysis, using non-innocent lutidine-based PNP backbone and catalysts 2 and 5 could thus be termed all-inclusive systems for this reaction.
The pincer complex Ni(OAc)(
PNP
tBu
)OTf has a room temperature structure with
Z′
=
1, which shows signs of disorder. During a phase transition between 230 and 210
K the unit cell volume increases by ...a factor of six, accompanied by large structural changes, resulting in a well ordered structure with
Z′
=
6.
At ambient temperature, the complex Ni(OAc)(
PNP
tBu
)OTf has one independent molecule in the asymmetric unit of the crystal structure with very large anisotropic displacement parameters. During cooling a fully reversible solid–solid phase transition occurs at a discrete temperature in the range 210–230
K. The low-temperature phase has six independent, well ordered molecules in the asymmetric unit. The
P2
1/
a space group symmetry of the high-temperature phase changes to
P2
1/
n for the low-temperature phase and the
c-axis increases by a factor of six. The acetate ligand is shown to be coordinated in a
η
1-fashion through one of the oxygen atoms, with the sterically encumbered, tridentate
PNP
tBu
ligand completing the square planar geometry around the Ni
II ion. The synthesis and full characterization of the complex is reported.
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