A degree formula for equivariant cohomology LYNN, REBECCA
Transactions of the American Mathematical Society,
January 1, 2014, 20140101, 2014-1-00, Letnik:
366, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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The primary theorem of this paper concerns the Poincaré (Hilbert) series for the cohomology ring of a finite group G. This theorem is proved using the ideas of equivariant cohomology whereby one ...considers more generally the cohomology ring of the Borel construction H^*(EG \times _G X) is a manifold on which G. In this paper, we discuss the theorem and the method of proof.
This article explores and summarizes the characteristics and findings in Norwegian research on mentoring for inclusion, using a scoping literature review. Mentoring matches younger or less ...experienced individuals with non-parental mentors to provide support and promote skills, personal development, and/or attainment of specific goals, such as employment. Searches were conducted in databases and in grey literature, with 19 publications included in our final analyses. The included publications encompass various approaches to organizing mentoring: by public sector organizations such as NAV and by non-public organizations (ideal organizations, social entrepreneurships). Over half of the mentoring programs in the included publications had immigrants or individuals with minority backgrounds as target groups. Nearly all the included publications assessed program results, concluding that mentoring generally achieved its (often broadly defined) objectives and/or that participants were satisfied. Notably, a robust assessment of the effects of mentoring remains an area for future inquiry. The included studies provide valuable insights into mentoring for supporting welfare state institutions in inclusion of vulnerable groups. Mentoring represents an individualized and flexible approach with the potential to supplement public services. Based on the findings, future directions for research on mentoring in the welfare state context are discussed.
I denne artikkelen argumenterer vi for at politisering av velferdssektoren har medført at man i større grad utfordrer det nasjonale handlingsrommet. Vi bygger vårt teoretiske argument rundt ...betydningen av politisering av politikken. Datagrunnlaget består av to deler: Den første delen er en gjennomgang av sentrale velferdspolitiske styringsdokumenter supplert med medieoppslag. Gjennom dette viser vi hvordan velferdspolitikken i økende grad ble utsatt for politisk press frem til 2019 da «Trygdesaken» sprakk. Den andre delen består av kvalitative forskningsintervju gjennomført med byråkrater i velferdsforvaltningen i januar og februar 2023 (N = 13). Studien viser at det er en sammenheng mellom politisering av velferdspolitikken og forståelsen av handlingsrom. Dette manifesterer seg først og fremst gjennom en sterkere tendens til at velferdsbyråkrater vektlegger nasjonale føringer på bekostning av de europeiske.
Many urban American Indian community members lack access to knowledgeable participation in indigenous spiritual practices. And yet, these sacred traditional activities remain vitally important to ...their reservation‐based kin. In response, our research team partnered with an urban American Indian health center in Detroit for purposes of developing a structured program to facilitate more ready access to participation in indigenous spiritual knowledge and practices centered on the sweat lodge ceremony. Following years of preparation and consultation, we implemented a pilot version of the Urban American Indian Traditional Spirituality Program in the spring of 2016 for 10 urban AI community participants. Drawing on six first‐person accounts about this program, we reflect on its success as a function of participant meaningfulness, staff support, mitigated sensitivities, and program structure. We believe that these observations will enable other community psychologists to undertake similar program development in service to innovative and beneficial impacts on behalf of their community partners.
Highlights
Describes pilot implementation of a traditional indigenous spirituality program.
Includes perspectives from six university‐ and community‐based stakeholders about the program.
Demonstrates the updating of indigenous tradition for modern indigenous lives in urban settings.
Optogenetics has revolutionized the capability of controlling genetically modified neurons in vitro and in vivo and has become an indispensable neuroscience tool. Using light as a probe for selective ...neuronal activation or inhibition and as a means to read out neural activity has dramatically enhanced our understanding of complex neural circuits. However, a common limitation of optogenetic studies to date is their invasiveness and spatiotemporal range. Direct viral injections into the brain tissue along with implantation of optical fibers and recording electrodes can disrupt the neuronal circuitry and cause significant damage. Conventional approaches are spatially limited around the site of the direct injection and insufficient in examining large networks throughout the brain. Lastly, optogenetics is currently not easily scalable to large animals or humans. Here, we demonstrate that optogenetic excitation can be achieved entirely non-invasively through the intact skull in mice. Using a needle-free combination of focused ultrasound-mediated viral delivery and extracorporeal illumination with red light, we achieved selective neuronal activation at depths up to 4 mm in the murine brain, confirmed through cFos expression and electrophysiology measurements within the treated areas. Ultrasound treatment significantly reduced freezing time during recall in fear conditioning experiments, but remote light exposure had a moderate effect on the freezing behavior of mice treated with viral vectors. The proposed method has the potential to open new avenues of studying, but also stimulating, neuronal networks, in an effort to elucidate normal or dysfunctional brain activity and treat neurological diseases. Finally, the same non-invasive methodology could be combined with gene therapy and applied to other organs, such as the eye and the heart.
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•Optogenetics is typically an invasive and spatially-restricted procedure.•Focused ultrasound treatment and red light exposure can replace invasive procedures.•The proposed approach allows non-invasive viral delivery and neuronal excitation in vivo.•Neuronal activation was confirmed through 1D and 2D electrophysiology in vivo.•Freezing behavior was affected in mice treated with focused ultrasound.
Personal narrative is at the heart of how human beings share information, represent identity, and convey ideas. Narrative research is a form of qualitative analysis that assists researchers in ...gaining insight into the lived experiences of the persons they are studying within their unique life circumstances and contexts. Although many narrative investigations report themes from study data, there is no single, well-defined approach to data analysis in narrative research. In this article, we provide a method for analyzing the data beyond the spoken words by applying Riessman’s thematic, structural, and performance analysis. We describe how applying multiple methods of systematic evaluation to narrative data leads to a deeper and more valid insight into the told stories. The data analysis process outlined in this article contributes to the academic discourse and knowledge supporting the use of multiple methods of systematic evaluation to uncover deeper meaning and thus leading to greater validity of the findings from narrative data.
Despite decades of reporting, rates of medical student mistreatment on the surgical clerkship remains a national issue. To understand whether misaligned perceptions about what constitutes ...mistreatment were leading to the high rates of reported mistreatment at our institution, we implemented an intervention designed to educate students about the unique challenges of the surgical environment and to build consensus around the definition of mistreatment.
Medical students were recruited from the surgery clerkship to participate in a video vignette-based curriculum accompanied by a facilitated discussion. Participants completed a survey before and after the educational intervention to assess their understanding of mistreatment and their perceptions of the surgical learning environment. At the end of each clerkship block students who participated in the intervention, as well as students who did not participate, were asked to complete a questionnaire about their experiences during the clerkship.
During 6 clerkship blocks, 53 students participated in the intervention (51% of the third-year student cohort). Students who participated in the intervention were more likely to report experiencing mistreatment or witnessing mistreatment during the clerkship. Students who participated in the intervention also reported experiencing neglect more frequently than students who did not participate.
We found that using an educational intervention designed to align perceptions of what constitutes mistreatment in the surgical learning environment did not decrease rates of mistreatment reporting on the surgical clerkship at our institution. Students who participated in the intervention reported increased confidence in their ability to define and recognize mistreatment after the intervention, as well as increased comfort reporting mistreatment and turning to faculty with concerns about mistreatment.
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Objectives: To survey the causes, characteristics, and outcomes of malpractice litigation resulting from injuries sustained during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).
Study Design: A retrospective ...analysis of United States state and federal civil litigation involving injuries resulting from ESS.
Methods: Sources were state and federal court decisions and jury verdict reports accessed through a computerized legal database. The 41 cases were decided or settled between 1990 and 2003. The cases and reports were analyzed for pertinent data regarding plaintiffs, defendants, allegations of wrongdoing, resulting injury, expert witnesses, and resulting verdict or settlement. Correlation between severity of injury and case outcome was analyzed.
Results: All suits reviewed involved ESS. Many cases included multiple causes of action, or types of malpractice, including negligent technique, 31 (76%); lack of informed consent, 15 (37%); and wrongful death, 2 (5%). The defendant‐physician specialty was overwhelmingly otolaryngology, 40 (98%). The most common presenting complaint, or indication for surgery, was chronic sinusitis, 30 (73%). The injuries caused by surgery were frequently multiple, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, 10 (24%); brain damage, 6 (15%); diplopia, 7 (17%); and death, 2 (5%). The majority of cases reviewed (83%) resulted in a verdict rather than settlement. The result of the verdict or settlement was 17 (41%) in favor of the plaintiff, 23 (56%) in favor of the defendant, and 1 (2%) unknown. The average award was $751,275, with a median of $410,239 and a range of $61,000 to $2,870,000.
Conclusions: This is the first study to review malpractice litigation resulting from injuries sustained during ESS and shows a hitherto unexpected pattern between severity of injury and case outcome.
•Participatory research approaches offer new opportunities for studying mentoring and social capital.•Presents experiences with two user groups: mentoring practitioners and migrant youth ...(mentees).•Challenges in youth understanding and meaningful engagement.•Challenges in practitioner blending of roles and resource constraints.•Close researcher-practitioner collaboration provided benefits for the mentoring organization, as well as meaningful participation and benefits for a few of the youth.
Participatory approaches have gained broad interest among researchers as a vehicle for allowing participants’ experiences and voices to inform research, beyond simply being a source of data. However, participants in mentoring programs, particularly young people, often are not included in research partnerships in a meaningful way. Additionally, practitioners often struggle to translate research findings into program improvements. This paper examines the experiences of a research team collaborating with two user groups: mentoring practitioners, and youth with migrant and refugee backgrounds participating in mentoring programs. With ambitions for meaningful user involvement, our aim was to develop and test a digital intervention for supporting social capital in mentoring. The paper draws primarily upon participant observation and qualitative data from a focus group and panel discussions. While youth voices did inform and shape the research, we also experienced challenges related to youth understanding and engagement. The adult practitioners participated actively but encountered tensions due to their dual roles as co-researchers and mentoring professionals, and resource constraints. Ultimately, a close collaboration enabled the co-creation of adaptations to our research approaches, allowing meaningful participation for some of the youth, and facilitating program changes. This paper offers lessons for researchers wishing to conduct participatory research in the context of youth mentoring, as well as specific suggestions for those studying social capital. It contributes to the discussion on participatory approaches with multicultural youth, presenting critical reflections on our experiences within this mentoring context.
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