Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a member of the
family, represents a persistent menace to the global pig industry, causing reproductive failure and respiratory disease in ...pigs. In this study, we delved into the role of histone deacetylases (HDAC2) during PRRSV infection. Our findings revealed that HDAC2 expression is downregulated upon PRRSV infection. Notably, suppressing HDAC2 activity through specific small interfering RNA led to an increase in virus production, whereas overexpressing HDAC2 effectively inhibited PRRSV replication by boosting the expression of IFN-regulated antiviral molecules. Furthermore, we identified the virus's nonstructural protein 11 (nsp11) as a key player in reducing HDAC2 levels. Mutagenic analyses of PRRSV nsp11 revealed that its antagonistic effect on the antiviral activity of HDAC2 is dependent on its endonuclease activity. In summary, our research uncovered a novel immune evasion mechanism employed by PRRSV, providing crucial insights into the pathogenesis of this virus and guiding the development of innovative prevention strategies against PRRSV infection.
Glycometabolism is a distinctive aspect of energy metabolism in breast cancer, and key glycometabolism enzymes/pathways (glycolysis, hexosamine biosynthetic pathway, and pentose phosphate pathway) ...may directly or indirectly affect the clinical features. In this study, we analyzed the particular correlation between the altered glycometabolism and clinical features of breast cancer to instruct research and clinical treatment. Tissue microarrays containing 189 hollow needle aspiration samples and 295 triple-negative breast cancer tissues were used to test the expression of M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2), glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1 (GFPT1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and p53 by immunohistochemistry and the intensity of these glycometabolism-related protein was evaluated. Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier estimates, and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze the relationship between the expression of these factors and major clinical features. PKM2, GFPT1, and G6PD affect the pathologic complete response rate of neoadjuvant chemotherapy patients in different ways; pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2 (PKM2) and G6PD are closely associated with the molecular subtypes, whereas GFPT1 is correlated with cancer size. All these three factors as well as p53 have impacts on the progression-free survival and overall survival of triple-negative breast cancer patients. Cancer size shows significant association with PKM2 and GFPT1 expression, while the pN stage and grade are associated with PKM2 and G6PD expression. Our study support that clinical characteristics are reflections of specific glycometabolism pathways, so their relationships may shed light on the orientation of research or clinical treatment. The expression of PKM2, GFPT1, and G6PD are hazardous factors for prognosis: high expression of these proteins predict worse progression-free survival and overall survival in triple-negative breast cancer, as well as worse pathologic complete response rate in neoadjuvant chemotherapy breast cancer. However, p53 appears as a protective factor only in the patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All the four proteins, PKM2, GFPT1, G6PD and p53, are prognostic markers of breast cancer. The correlation among them suggests that there may be crosstalk of the four proteins in breast cancer.
To compare the trueness of incisal guidance of implant-supported single crowns designed by patient-specific motion (PSM) with that designed by average-value virtual articulator (AVA).
The study had ...recruited 12 participants with complete dentition and stable incisal guidance. An intraoral scanner was used to scan digital casts and record two types of patient-specific motion (data only including protrusive movement, and data including protrusive movement and lateral protrusive movement). The lingual surfaces of the maxillary incisors which guided the protrusive movement was selected and elevated to create a reference cast. A maxillary central incisor of original casts was vir-tually extracted and implanted to generate a working cast. The Dental system software program was used to design implant-supported single crowns with the anatomical coping design method. The incisal guidance was designed by different methods. The incisal guidance in control group was designed by the average-value virtual articulator. The
Cancer patients exhibit fear of COVID-19, which could lead to serious consequences. However, minimal information is available about the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of cancer ...patients. Therefore, this study aims to examine the fear level of COVID-19 among cancer patients in Henan Province, Central China and to identify its causes, results, and coping factors.
An online survey was conducted among 1,067 cancer patients. The participants reported their individual fear level of COVID-19, risk of COVID-19 infection, risk of death from COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccination concerns, influence level of COVID-19 pandemic on their disease treatment, loneliness due to COVID-19, economic burden from COVID-19, quality of life, safety behavior, information regarding COVID-19 vaccination, psychological guidance, physical activities, and demographic characteristics. Chi-square and cumulative logistic regression were used to determine the predictors of COVID-19 fear level.
This study indicates that cancer patients report moderate fear level of COVID-19 in Central China (66.9%). The six cause factors (risk of COVID-19 infection, risk of death from COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccination concerns, influence level of COVID-19 pandemic on disease treatment, loneliness due to COVID-19, and economic burden from COVID-19) were positively associated with COVID-19 fear level. Three coping factors (information regarding COVID-19 vaccination, psychological guidance, and physical activities) were negatively associated with COVID-19 fear level. COVID-19 fear level was negatively associated with quality of life and positively associated with safety behavior.
Our results suggest that governments should improve access to personalized vaccine counseling and psychological guidance by undertaking the responsibility of patients' attending physicians and increasing publicity. Physical activities should be included in the treatment program to help cancer patients better recover their physical and mental health.
A54145 is a family of antibacterial cyclic lipodepsipeptides structurally resembling daptomycin. Since its discovery in 1990, only the ambiguous structures of the methoxy-aspartic acid (MeO-Asp) and ...the hydroxy-asparagine (HO-Asn) have been reported. We have developed efficient routes to obtain the fully protected l-MeO-Asp and l-HO-Asn building blocks compatible with Fmoc-SPPS, and a total synthesis of A54145 that enabled us to establish its structure, consisting of l-3S-HO-Asn and l-3R-MeO-Asp, revising the wrongly proposed structure of l-3S-MeO-Asp.
Integrated battery chargers are highly effective for saving costs and improving the power density of on-board chargers in electric vehicles (EVs), However, achieving torque elimination of the ...commonly used three-phase (3p) motors during the fast-charging process is challenging. In this paper, the general torque cancelation law applied in 3p permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) and induction motors (IMs) is derived to design high power density integrated fast battery chargers. Two novel integrated systems with fast-charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capabilities are proposed based on this law. The main advantages of the proposed systems are: (1) Two filter inductors are constituted by the stator windings while charging, and only one external inductor and several contactors are supplemented to the motor-drive circuit. Therefore, the proposed integrated systems possess high power density; (2) The 3p open-winding (OW) motor is employed, with no need to modify the propulsion system or redesign the interior structure of the motor; (3) Employing an individual controller for each phase of the inner current loop control, the proposed systems realize unity power factors and low current harmonics in the fast-charging and V2G mode. Simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed topologies and control strategies.
The elderly comprises over one-third of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, however, they are not adequately represented in prognostic studies. The study aims to determine the prognostic ...significance of the preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and develop nomograms for predicting their recurrence-free and overall survival (RFS and OS). The study consisted of 282 elderly patients (aged ≥ 65 years) with early-stage HCC (China Liver Cancer Staging System: I-IIA) after curative resection (R0). They were randomly divided into a training (n = 197) and a test cohort (n = 85). The patients were stratified into two groups: PNI-low (PNI ≤ 49.05) and PNI-high (PNI > 49.05) based on a cut-off value. Most patients' demographics and perioperative outcomes were comparable, while patients in the PNI-high group were younger (P = 0.002), heavier (P < 0.001), and had lower comorbidity rates (P = 0.003). Although the tumor stages were earlier in the PNI-low group (P < 0.001), patients' OS (5-year OS: 48.9% vs. 93.1%) and RFS (5-year RFS: 27.3% vs. 75.7%) were significantly worse compared to the PNI-high group (both P < 0.0001). Patients' OS and RFS nomograms were developed by incorporating independent survival predictors including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), age ≥ 75 years, PNI-low, tumor presence of satellite nodules, capsule, and microvascular invasion. The nomograms showed good calibration and discrimination, with all C-indexes ≥ 0.75 and calibration plots essentially coinciding with the diagonal. In conclusion, for elderly HCC patients, COPD, age ≥ 75 years, PNI-low, and tumor presence of satellite nodules, capsule, and microvascular invasion were independent prognostic factors. The nomogram could accurately predict the prognosis of these patients.
Heavy metal contamination of soil is a serious environmental problem worldwide. With improving ecological awareness, phytoremediation has attracted increasing attention as an economic, efficient, and ...environmentally friendly method to address heavy metal pollution.
Hydrangea
plants are not only colorful and aesthetically pleasing, but they also grow vigorously. In this study, we examined the responses of three
Hydrangea
cultivars to different levels of lead (Pb) stress in terms of their growth responses, biochemical changes, and heavy metal accumulation. We found that (1) no visual heavy metal toxicity symptoms were observed in the three
Hydrangea
cultivars under any Pb treatment. (2) At low concentrations of Pb (100–200 mg kg
−1
), the root length of the three cultivars increased significantly compared with that of the control; no significant change was found in shoot biomass in the three cultivars under any Pb treatment. (3) The biochemical changes in response to Pb stress differed between the cultivars. (4) Under all Pb treatments, the Pb concentrations in the roots were significantly higher than those in the shoots of the cultivars, with translocation factor (TF) values < 1. Our results suggest that all three
Hydrangea
cultivars tested have the potential to tolerate high Pb levels in soil and showed Pb phytostabilization tendencies with features essential for phytoextraction.
Clinically, endodontic disease is the most common oral disease, with root canal therapy being the mainstay of treatment at present. However, the choice between single-visit versus multiple-visit root ...canal therapy remains controversial. In this study, we compared the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent single- or multiple-visit root canal therapy and found no difference in the overall response rate between the two groups. Single-visit root canal therapy led to markedly reduced scores on the gingival bleeding index and plaque index, a lower incidence of adverse reactions, milder inflammatory reactions, and less oxidative stress damage, indicating a higher clinical safety profile compared to multiple-visit root canal therapy. Additionally, the nutritional status of patients was better after single-visit root canal therapy. Therefore, single-visit root canal therapy demonstrates greater clinical utility for the treatment of endodontic disease. Keywords: Endodontic disease, Multiple-visit root canal therapy, Nutritional status, Oxidative stress injury, Single-visit root canal therapy Abbreviations Used: Albumin, ALB; C-reactive protein, CRP; Gingival bleeding index, GBI; lnterleukin-6, IL-6; Malondialdehyde, MDA; Nutrition Risk Screening, NRS2002; Plaque index, PLI; Prealbumin, PAB; Root canal therapy, RCT; Superoxide dismutase, SOD; Transferrin, TRF; Tumor necrosis factor-a, TNF-alpha. Corresponding Author: Dr. Chenguang Qiu, Department of Stomatology, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang-212002, China; E-mail: d.charlie@163.com
In this paper using fixed point methods we establish some existence theorems of positive (nontrivial) solutions for integral boundary value problems of nonlinear Hadamard fractional differential ...equations.
PDF