Across three studies, we integrate relational leadership theory with affective events theory to examine the leader perspective in dyadic relationships and how this perspective influences differential ...leader behaviors directed toward each subordinate in terms of safety enforcement. First, in two field studies with different high-risk contexts, we delineate a curvilinear relationship between supervisor-rated leader–member exchange (SLMX) and safety enforcement. In our second field study we also examine the moderating role of leaders’ safety commitment as well as the linkage between safety enforcement and accidents. Finally, in a fully randomized experiment, we explore three relational dynamics as mechanisms of the effect of SLMX on safety enforcement—trust, consideration, and liking. Through these efforts, we offer rare direct tests of the theoretical assertion that leader–member exchange includes differential treatment based on affective relationship cues within a leader-and-subordinate relationship. Our two field studies reveal that leaders are likely to monitor safety most closely for low- and high-SLMX subordinates, but mid-SLMX subordinates are most likely to be overlooked. This U-shaped relationship emerges only for less committed leaders, and safety enforcement translates these effects to actual accidents. Our experimental study reveals a similar U shape between liking and enforcement, but a positive relationship emerges between distrust and enforcement, as well as between consideration on enforcement. These results shed insight into theoretical and practical implications for how leaders can foster a safer workplace for all.
In this study, we compare family and nonfamily firms with respect to their exit due to financial reasons. We suggest that the principal dimensions of Transaction Cost Theory (TCT) (i.e., asset ...specificity, risk aversion, opportunism, and trust) may underlie governance decisions such as family vs. non-family firm and home-based spousal ownership in family firms which can consequently impact firm success/failure. Given the wide variations in the goals and internal structures of family firms, we specifically suggest that home-based family firms with spousal ownership will be less prone to exit than other firms. Indeed, the findings show that family firms are less likely to exit than non-family firms, and the interaction effects of spousal ownership and home-based business further reduce the exit probability of family firms. We conclude by discussing future research implications.
Purpose
Using munificence, real options and ambidexterity theories, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the differential between home and host market environmental conditions affects US ...international franchising expansion.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors used firm-level panel data for 151 US-based franchising firms, from Bond’s Guide for Franchise Opportunities, for the years 1994-2008 plus macroeconomic data on the environment, to explain the probability of franchising.
Findings
The paper finds that the differential in economic growth and economic uncertainty impacts franchisors’ desire to expand abroad on a continual basis.
Research limitations/implications
Researchers in international franchising should not only focus on host market environmental variables (pull factors), but also on conditions in the home market (push factors).
Originality/value
The paper adds to environmental explanations of international franchising by focusing on the differential in munificence and uncertainty between home and host countries.
•The impact of policy-related economic uncertainty on hotel operating performance is investigated.•Economic policy uncertainty index and STR’s property-level hotel data are used for data ...analysis.•Three operating performance measures are used: Occupancy rate, ADR, and RevPAR. GEE method is used for estimations.•Increase in contemporaneous policy-related economic uncertainty leads to decreases in the future occupancy, ADR and RevPAR.•Negative effect of economic policy uncertainty on performance is less severe for owner-operated hotels and luxury hotels.
Entrepreneurship research tends to focus on individuals and their actions. However, some entrepreneurial activities are borne and maintained through the efforts of several parties in entrepreneurial ...partnerships such as franchisor-franchisee relationships. Due to their very nature, these partnerships include economic and social exchanges. Such exchanges received limited attention in entrepreneurship literature. To address this omission, this study first delves into the theories of economic and social exchange to illuminate their relevance for entrepreneurial partnerships. Next, this paper puts forward an agenda for future research agenda based on the tenets of interdependent reciprocal exchange in entrepreneurial partnerships. This research effort has a potential to spur future studies on the use reciprocity in other areas of entrepreneurship such as social entrepreneurship and international entrepreneurship.
This study examines the effect of meeting space capacity on hotel operating performance. We use Resource-Based View (RBV) of the firm as the theoretical foundation. We employ a national-level dataset ...with more than 20,000 hotels in the United States for the 2007–2012 period. We find that meeting space has a non-linear effect on hotel operating performance. That is, at low levels of meeting space, meeting space capacity is negatively related to hotel operating performance. At high levels of meeting space, meeting space capacity has a positive influence on operating performance. These findings provide insights for hotel owners, developers and practitioners in planning hotel meeting space capacity.
•The association between meeting space capacity and hotel operating performance is investigated.•RBV of the firm and competitive advantage concepts are used as the theoretical foundation.•A large national database is used to test the hypothesis, and models are estimated via two-way cluster regression.•Three industry-specific operating performance measures are used: Occupancy rate, ADR, and RevPAR.•Findings demonstrate a curvilinear relationship between meeting space capacity and hotel-operating performance.
•Elderly customers’ interactions with other customers have a direct effect on customer satisfaction.•Elderly customers’ interactions with other customers have a direct effect on social ...well-being.•Social interactions with other customers have direct and indirect effects on the social well-being of elderly customers.•The hospitality industry has an important role to play in addressing societal social problems.
This study highlights the valuable role the hospitality industry can play in addressing a societal problem by studying how social interactions between elderly consumers and other customers influence the satisfaction and social well-being of the former. The data were collected from 268 elderly consumers in local coffee shops in the United Kingdom using a self-administrated questionnaire. The findings reveal that elderly customers’ interactions with other customers have a direct effect both on customer satisfaction and social well-being. They also show that social interactions with other customers have both direct and indirect effects on the social well-being of elderly customers. The study provides good evidence for how commercial hospitality settings can serve as a space for social exchange that helps to alleviate social isolation.
•There is relationship between cultural intelligence and creativity of entrepreneurs.•There is relationship between emotionality and creativity of entrepreneurs.•A mediating role of emotional ...intelligence in understanding cultural intelligence.•Entrepreneurial Creativity can be nourished through the development of CI and EI.
This study investigates the effect of mental aspects of cultural intelligence through emotionality on creative behaviour in entrepreneurship. Using a sample of nascent entrepreneurs in a developing country (Kazakhstan), this study contributes to entrepreneurship literature by providing a fine-grained explanation about how emotionality serves as a mediating mechanism between cognitive and metacognitive cultural intelligence, and self-creativity. The findings of this study demonstrate that individuals who display higher levels of cognitive and metacognitive cultural intelligence tend to possess higher emotionality, which in turns has a positive influence on self-creativity. We discuss the practical and theoretical implications of the role of cultural intelligence in spurring emotionality and self-creativity.
•We aim to extend and advance the approach of previous methodologies by using the six corporate governance provisions.•We contend that neither a single provision nor the adoption of all governance ...provisions is sufficient to hurt firms’ financial structure, operations, and performance.•We use set-theoretic methods such as a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), which focuses on cases (i.e., firms) instead of variables.•The presence of all six E-index provisions was attributable to poor performance in all solutions.•Restaurant companies should include poison pill in their governance provision structures as a key ingredient to achieve high financial performance and allow the presence of classified board provisions, since these two provisions emerged as core conditions in all three paths.
This study defends the view that the adoption of corporate governance provisions should not be seen as a detriment to firms’ financial performance. On the contrary, we contend that some combinations of corporate governance provisions may indeed lead to higher firm performance among U.S. restaurant firms. Using a set-theoretic method, such as the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), our findings revealed that there are three configurations of governance provisions that lead to superior financial performance. The presence of poison pills appeared as a core condition in all solutions. Negated analysis indicates that the inappropriate bundling of governance provisions leads to poor firm performance.
PurposeThis longitudinal study assesses whether higher education has the same impact on the entrepreneurial intentions of women and men with regard to their propensity to risk-taking in ...particular.Design/methodology/approachA self-administrated survey instrument was used to collect data from students studying business and engineering at five selected universities in Turkey. The survey was carried out in two intervals: first year and fourth year of studies. A total of 215 student participated in both waves.FindingsThe findings indicate that the impact of education is stronger for women than for men as the relationship between gender and entrepreneurial intention is moderated by education and risk-taking propensity in that the entrepreneurial intention of women with high or low risk-taking propensity increases when they acquire higher education. In particular, the boost is more noticeable for women with low risk-taking propensity. On the contrary, the effect of education is negative for men with both high risk-taking propensity and low risk-taking propensity.Practical implicationsThis study has identified that the impact of education is different for women and men. Based on these findings, Turkey could offer gender-specific entrepreneurship education in higher education for individuals who could then exploit their entrepreneurial capacity and thus contribute to the social and economic well-being of the country.Originality/valueThis paper makes two distinct contributions. First, this is one of the few longitudinal studies in the literature which demonstrates the differences between females and males in terms of their entrepreneurial intention and shows how risk-taking and education influence entrepreneurial intention. Second, it offers new insights into entrepreneurship research from a developing-country but emerging-economy context.
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