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•Halloysite sorbents with isothiouronium groups are synthesized for U(VI).•The maximum sorption capacity of sorbent 157 mg U/g.•The sorption of U(VI) from acidic aqueous solutions ...with 12–20% efficiency.•R-S-C(=NH)(NH2)n = 1-2(UO22+) complexes interacting with silanols.•Oligomeric hydroxy complexes (UO2)3(OH)5+ and (UO2)4(OH)7+ in the sorbent interior.
Elimination of U(VI) from nuclear wastes and from the underground water near the uranium mines is the serious problem. Therefore search for new sorbents for U(VI) is still a big challenge for the scientists. This paper investigates of U(VI) ions sorption on halloysite modified with the isothiouronium salts: S-dodecaneisothiouronium bromide (ligand 1), S,S'-dodecane-1,12-diylbis(isothiouronium bromide) (ligand 2), S-hexadecaneisothiouronium chloride (ligand 3), S,S'-naphthalene-1,4-diylbis(methylisothiouronium) dichloride (ligand 4), and S,S'-2,5-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diylbis(methylisothiouronium) dichloride (ligand 5). It was established that halloysite modified by the ligands with four nitrogen atoms in their structure (ligand-5, 2 and 4) was characterized by higher sorption capacity compared with that modified by the ligands with two donor nitrogens (ligand-1 and 3). The maximum sorption capacity of halloysite-5 toward U(VI) was 157 mg U/g and this places the modified mineral among the most effective sorbents for U(VI) removal from wastes. As follows from ATR, XPS and thermal degradation spectra of the sorption products R-S-C(NH)(NH2)n = 1-2(UO22+) complexes are formed on the external surface of the halloysite whereas oligomeric hydroxy complexes (UO2)3(OH)5+ and (UO2)4(OH)7+ are present in the interior of halloysite structure and interact predominantly with aluminols.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is clinically divided into a spectrum of severities, with mild TBI being the least severe form and a frequent occurrence in contact sports, such as ice hockey, American ...football, rugby, horse riding and boxing. Mild TBI is caused by blunt nonpenetrating head trauma that causes movement of the brain and stretching and tearing of axons, with diffuse axonal injury being a central pathogenic mechanism. Mild TBI is in principle synonymous with concussion; both have similar criteria in which the most important elements are acute alteration or loss of consciousness and/or post‐traumatic amnesia following head trauma and no apparent brain changes on standard neuroimaging. Symptoms in mild TBI are highly variable and there are no validated imaging or fluid biomarkers to determine whether or not a patient with a normal computerized tomography scan of the brain has neuronal damage. Mild TBI typically resolves within a few weeks but 10–15% of concussion patients develop postconcussive syndrome. Repetitive mild TBI, which is frequent in contact sports, is a risk factor for a complicated recovery process. This overview paper discusses the relationships between repetitive head impacts in contact sports, mild TBI and chronic neurological symptoms. What are these conditions, how common are they, how are they linked and can they be objectified using imaging or fluid‐based biomarkers? It gives an update on the current state of research on these questions with a specific focus on clinical characteristics, epidemiology and biomarkers.
Content List ‐ Read more articles from the symposium: “Head Trauma in Sports and Risk for Dementia”.
The adsorption of phosphorus (P) from rapeseed oil on acid-activated sepiolite (AAS) was investigated for different AAS dosages and bleaching temperatures. The P concentration in the oil was reduced ...from 29.7 to 1.11
mg/kg at the optimal conditions: bleaching temperature −100
°C, AAS dosage −1.5%. The adsorption capacity of AAS in relation to P and mean adsorption energy were calculated according to Langmuir and Freundlich models and the former was found to be better. The negative values of free energy of adsorption (
Δ
G
ads
o
) show that the adsorption is spontaneous, whereas the positive value of the entropy of adsorption (
Δ
S
ads
o
) probably results from the reorganisation in the internal structure of the adsorbent appearing during adsorption of P on AAS. The low value of adsorption enthalpy (
Δ
H
ads
o
) indicates a relatively weak adsorbate–adsorbent affinity probably due to hydrogen bond formation. The division of phospholipids and phosphates between external surface and micropores of the sepiolite is suggested.
Objective
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are rare small to medium-size vessel systemic diseases. As their clinical picture, organ involvement, and factors ...influencing outcome may differ between countries and geographical areas, we decided to describe a large cohort of Polish AAV patients coming from several referral centers—members of the Scientific Consortium of the Polish Vasculitis Registry (POLVAS).
Methods
We conducted a systematic multicenter retrospective study of adult patients diagnosed with AAV between Jan 1990 and Dec 2016 to analyze their clinical picture, organ involvement, and factors influencing outcome. Patients were enrolled to the study by nine centers (14 clinical wards) from seven Voivodeships populated by 22.3 mln inhabitants (58.2% of the Polish population).
Results
Participating centers included 625 AAV patients into the registry. Their distribution was as follows: 417 patients (66.7%) with GPA, 106 (17.0%) with MPA, and 102 (16.3%) with EGPA. Male-to-female ratios were almost 1:1 for GPA (210/207) and MPA (54/52), but EGPA was twice more frequent among women (34/68). Clinical manifestations and organ involvement were analyzed by clinical phenotype. Their clinical manifestations seem very similar to other European countries, but interestingly, men with GPA appeared to follow a more severe course than the women. Fifty five patients died. In GPA, two variables were significantly associated with death: permanent renal replacement therapy (PRRT) and respiratory involvement (univariate analysis). In multivariate analysis, PRRT (OR = 5.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.3–12.2), respiratory involvement (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.06–9.7), and, in addition, age > 65 (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.05–6.6) were independently associated with death. In MPA, also three variables were observed to be independent predictors of death: PRRT (OR = 5.7; 95% CI = 1.3–25.5), skin involvement (OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 1.02–19.6), and age > 65 (OR = 6.3; 95% CI = 1.18–33.7).
Conclusions
In this first multicenter retrospective study of the Polish AAV patients, we have shown that their demographic characteristics, disease manifestations, and predictors of fatal outcome follow the same pattern as those from other European countries, with men possibly suffering from more severe course of the disease.
Objective: Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs) are an important type of injury in terms of both morbidity and mortality. Road Traffic Incidents are one of the most frequent causes of TBI. This analysis ...seeks to quantify the number of such injuries occurring in the Slovak Republic, and examine patterns of TBI according to mode of transport and seasonality.
Methods: Data concerning total numbers of TBIs occurring from the years 1996-2015 were obtained from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. The events caused by road incidents were examined separately according the external cause stated on death certification. Events were classified into seasons according to the month of death. Summary statistics were produced concerning numbers of deaths according to sex, mode of transport and season. Analyses were performed to examine trends in TBI by season and type of road user.
Results: During a period of 20 years from 1996, there were 17,047 recorded deaths involving TBI in the Slovak Republic. Of these, 5,370 were caused by road traffic incidents (RTIs). Age standardized rates tended to decrease from 8.3/100,000/year (1996) to 2.5/100,000/year (2015). Males made up approximately 79% of road traffic-caused TBIs. Summer and autumn showed significantly more events than any other season, with motorcyclists and cyclists in particular being more frequently injured at this time of year.
Conclusions: The results show that Slovakia, like many countries, suffers a considerable burden of TBI and that RTIs are a major contributor to this, especially among young adults. Rates of TBI vary by season in Slovakia, and users of different modes of transport appear more or less likely to suffer such injury during different seasons. Considerable variability in rates of injury exists between road users and times of year. Improved understanding of the timing and sufferers of injuries may allow better planning of response and care services. Further research into transport modes and policies aimed at safer driving should be explored.
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