Divergently selected chicken breeds are of great interest not only from an economic point of view, but also in terms of sustaining diversity of the global poultry gene pool. In this regard, it is ...essential to evaluate the classification (clustering) of varied chicken breeds using methods and models based on phenotypic and genotypic breed differences. It is also important to implement new mathematical indicators and approaches. Accordingly, we set the objectives to test and improve clustering algorithms and models to discriminate between various chicken breeds. A representative portion of the global chicken gene pool including 39 different breeds was examined in terms of an integral performance index, i.e., specific egg mass yield relative to body weight of females. The generated dataset was evaluated within the traditional, phenotypic and genotypic classification/clustering models using the k-means method, inflection points clustering, and admixture analysis. The latter embraced SNP genotype datasets including a specific one focused on the performance-associated NCAPG-LCORL locus. The k-means and inflection points analyses showed certain discrepancies between the tested models/submodels and flaws in the produced cluster configurations. On the other hand, 11 core breeds were identified that were shared between the examined models and demonstrated more adequate clustering and admixture patterns. These findings will lay the foundation for future research to improve methods for clustering as well as genome- and phenome-wide association/mediation analyses.
Results of LiNbO3:Zn researches often diverge because sharp changes in physicochemical characteristics of the system melt‐crystal that occur at doping are usually not taken into consideration. When a ...series of doped crystals is grown Zn is usually added to the melt with step 1.5‐2 mol%. This obstructs detection of exact threshold concentration. We have grown LiNbO3:Zn crystals doped by 4.0÷9.0 mol% ZnO with step ~1 mol%. Around the dopant, threshold concentration step was narrowed to ~0.1 mol%. We have researched physicochemical properties of the system melt‐crystal and structure evolution by Raman spectroscopy and full‐profile analysis of XRD. We have detected exact threshold concentration for LiNbO3:Zn and concluded that crystals doped by prethreshold concentrations of ZnO are the best for most applications because of the higher optical homogeneity.
To adjust breeding programs for local, commercial, and fancy breeds, and to implement molecular (marker-assisted) breeding, a proper comprehension of phenotypic and genotypic variation is a sine qua ...non for breeding progress in animal production. Here, we investigated an evolutionary subdivision of domestic chickens based on their phenotypic and genotypic variability using a wide sample of 49 different breeds/populations. These represent a significant proportion of the global chicken gene pool and all major purposes of breed use (according to their traditional classification model), with many of them being characterized by a synthetic genetic structure and notable admixture. We assessed their phenotypic variability in terms of body weight, body measurements, and egg production. From this, we proposed a phenotypic clustering model (PCM) including six evolutionary lineages of breed formation: egg-type, meat-type, dual purpose (egg-meat and meat-egg), game, fancy, and Bantam. Estimation of genotypic variability was carried out using the analysis of five SNPs, i.e., at the level of genomic variation at the NCAPG-LCORL locus. Based on these data, two generally similar genotypic clustering models (GCM1 and GCM2) were inferred that also had several overlaps with PCM. Further research for SNPs associated with economically important traits can be instrumental in marker-assisted breeding programs.
Current Approaches to Epigenetic Therapy Griazeva, Ekaterina D; Fedoseeva, Daria M; Radion, Elizaveta I ...
Epigenomes,
09/2023, Letnik:
7, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Epigenetic therapy is a promising tool for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Several fundamental epigenetic approaches have been proposed. Firstly, the use of small molecules as epigenetic ...effectors, as the most developed pharmacological method, has contributed to the introduction of a number of drugs into clinical practice. Secondly, various innovative epigenetic approaches based on dCas9 and the use of small non-coding RNAs as therapeutic agents are also under extensive research. In this review, we present the current state of research in the field of epigenetic therapy, considering the prospects for its application and possible limitations.
•Selection-driven chicken phenome embraces varied phenotypes including pectoral angle.•We studied PA variation across divergently selected chicken breeds.•Patterns of PA relationship with performance ...traits were analysed.•We propose a promising PA-based auxiliary index for using in layer selection.
An appreciation of the synergy between genome and phenome of poultry breed is essential for a complete understanding of their biology. Phenotypic traits are shaped under the influence of artificial, production-oriented, selection that often acts contrary to that which would occur during natural selection. In this comparative study, we analysed the phenotypic diversity of 39 chicken breeds and populations that make up a significant part of the world gene pool. Grouping patterns of breeds found within the traditional, phenotypic models of their classification/clustering required in-depth analysis using sophisticated mathematical approaches. As a result of studying performance and conformation phenotypes, a phenomenon of previously underestimated variability in pectoral angle (PA) was revealed. Moreover, patterns of PA relationship with productive traits were analysed. We propose using PA measurement as a promising new auxiliary index for selecting hens and roosters of breeding flocks in egg production improvement programs.
Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of the results of organ-preserving laparoscopic operations performed for uterine fibroids with the use of plastic containers for morcellation and without it.
...Materials and methods. We examined 57 patients with a diagnosis of uterine fibroids who were admitted to the Department of Innovative Oncology and Gynecology of the Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology for organ-preserving surgical treatment. To achieve the goal of the study, the patients were divided into the following groups: the main group 29 patients who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy and morcellation of removed nodes using plastic containers. The control group consisted of 28 patients who underwent morcellation during laparoscopic myomectomy without the use of plastic containers.
Results. The duration of laparoscopic operations performed using plastic containers main group was 85.6925.87 minutes. Laparoscopic conservative myomectomies, performed without the use of limiting systems, took a slightly longer amount of time control group 88.7530.36 minutes. There were no statistically significant differences, but in the second group, more prolonged sanitation of the abdominal cavity and removal of small fragments of myomatous nodes after morcellation outside the sacs were required. Autoinfusion was used in 6 (20.69%) patients in the main group, in 7 (25%) patients in the control group. Blood transfusion was not used in any case. Average blood loss was 120.6967.50 ml in the main group, 125.0099.54 ml in the control. The duration of hospitalization in the main group was 4.661.76 days, in the control group 5.793.62 days. In the main group, histological examination revealed leiomyoma in all cases, leiomyoma was detected in 96.4% (27 patients) of cases in the control group, and leiomyosarcoma in 1 patient (3.6%).
Conclusion. In all groups of patients, there was a favorable course of the postoperative period, early activation of patients. In the group of laparoscopic operations, one patient (3.6%) after morcellation of the myomatous node without the use of a plastic container was found to have leiomyosarcoma. The use of plastic containers in our study did not increase the duration of operations and did not affect the volume of blood loss, the frequency of intra- and postoperative complications. In contrast, the operation time was slightly higher among patients who were operated without the use of containers. In all likelihood, this was due to the fact that the morcellation stage itself took longer, since it was required to extract small fragments of myomatous nodes, as well as thorough and prolonged sanitation of the abdominal cavity. It should be noted that the use of plastic containers, of course, requires the development of certain skills from the surgeon, taking less and less time in parallel with the learning curve. Of course, further studies are required to assess the risk of tumor spread in patients undergoing surgery using plastic containers, but preliminary data indicate that ablastic morcellation can and should be used in organ-preserving surgery for uterine myoma.
Abstract
Commercial breeds of chickens are staying under strong selection pressure on increasing of production level. Meanwhile aboriginal breeds are conserving unique adaptation traits, helping them ...to survive in severe climate. Local breeds combining high resistance, but lower productivity traits are widely kept in smallholders of developing countries. Improving of egg traits in such breeds should be done by selection, not crossing with commercial breeds. Aim of our studies was genetic change of QTL loci linked with yolk size (YS) and egg mass (EM) in resource chicken breeds. Studies were done using 293 samples from Pushkin, Rhode-Island, Amroks, Chinese Silk, Yurlow crawl and Russian White (RW) breeds kept in RRIFAGB Collective Use Centre ‘Genetic Collection of Rare and Endangered Chicken Breeds. EM was recorded in age of 30 weeks. YS was evaluated using ultra sound scanner. Genotyping was performed using illumina 60K Chicken Bead Chip. GWAS studies were performed on RW breed. Sufficient associations of EM were found on chromosome 4 (rs14201361, P < 1.6e-5 & GGaluGA152718, P < 3.3e-5). Correlation of YS and EM were calculated within breeds, difference were from 0.29 to 0.65. Haploblocks were analyzed in QTL region on chromosome 11 linked with YS. Due to selection and genetic drift different haplotype blocks were formed in breeds having different YS. Shown results could be used for improving egg traits in aboriginal domestic breeds. Studies were founded by RFFI project 18-016-00114 A.
To study the isolates with acquired resistance to bedaquiline and linezolid that were obtained from patients enrolled in a clinical study of a novel therapy regimen for drug-resistant TB in Moscow, ...Russia.
Linezolid resistance was detected using MGIT 960 with a critical concentration of 1 mg/L. The MIC of bedaquiline was determined using the proportion method. To identify genetic determinants of resistance, sequencing of the mmpR ( Rv0678 ), atpE , atpC , pepQ , Rv1979c , rrl , rplC and rplD loci was performed.
A total of 85 isolates from 27 patients with acquired resistance to linezolid and reduced susceptibility to bedaquiline (MIC ≥0.06 mg/L) were tested. Most mutations associated with a high MIC of bedaquiline were found in the mmpR gene. We identified for the first time two patients whose clinical isolates had substitutions D28N and A63V in AtpE, which had previously been found only in in vitro -selected strains. Several patients had isolates with elevated MICs of bedaquiline prior to treatment; four of them also bore mutations in mmpR , indicating the presence of some hidden factors in bedaquiline resistance acquisition. The C154R substitution in ribosomal protein L3 was the most frequent in the linezolid-resistant strains. Mutations in the 23S rRNA gene (g2294a and g2814t) associated with linezolid resistance were also found in two isolates. Heteroresistance was identified in ∼40% of samples, which reflects the complex nature of resistance acquisition.
The introduction of novel drugs into treatment must be accompanied by continuous phenotypic susceptibility testing and the analysis of genetic determinants of resistance.
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