Background
. This study evaluated whether large venous-arterial CO
2
gap (PCO
2
gap) preoperatively is associated to poor outcome.
Method
. Prospective study which included adult high-risk surgical ...patients. The patients were pooled into two groups: wide P(v-a)CO
2
versus narrow P(v-a)CO
2
. In order to determine the best value to discriminate hospital mortality, it was applied a ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve for the P(v-a)CO
2
values collected preoperatively, and the most accurate value was chosen as cut-off to define the groups.
Results
. The study included 66 patients. The P(v-a)CO
2
value preoperatively that best discriminated hospital mortality was 5.0 mmHg,
area
=
0.73
. Preoperative patients with P(v-a)CO
2
more than 5.0 mmHg presented a higher hospital mortality (36.4% versus 4.5%
P
=
0.004
), higher prevalence of circulatory shock (56.8% versus 22.7%
P
=
0.01
) and acute renal failure postoperatively (27.3% versus 4.5%
P
=
0.02
), and longer hospital length of stays 20.0 (14.0–30.0) versus 13.5 (9.0–25.0) days
P
=
0.01
.
Conclusions
. The PCO
2
gap values more than 5.0 mmHg preoperatively were associated with worse postoperatively outcome.
The addition of subarachnoid clonidine (alpha-agonist) prolongs the analgesia produced by the combination of sufentanil and isobaric bupivacaine in combined labor analgesia(1). The objective of this ...study was to compare the quality of analgesia and the prevalence of side effects after the addition of subarachnoid clonidine to the anesthetic solution in labor analgesia.
After approval by the Ethics Commission, 22 pregnant women in labor were randomly assigned to the subarachnoid administration of either 2.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (CLON/HYPER Group; n = 11) or 2.5 mg of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine (CLON/ISO Group; n = 11) associated with 2.5 microg of sufentanil and 30 microg of clonidine. Pain, evaluated by the Visual Analogue Scale, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure were assessed every 5 minutes during the first 15 minutes, and then every 15 minutes afterwards until delivery. The prevalence of side effects (nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and sedation) was evaluated. The study was terminated whenever the patient needed supplemental epidural analgesia (pain > 3) or upon delivery of the fetus. The Student t test, Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements were used in the statistical analysis and a p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Anthropometric data, duration of analgesia (70.9 +/- 32.9 vs. 85.4 +/- 39.5), heart rate, and the incidence of pruritus, sedation, nausea, and vomiting were similar in both groups. Mean arterial pressure was significantly lower in the CLON/ISO Group than in the CLON/HYPER Group at 15, 30, and 45 minutes (p < 0.05).
Under the conditions of the present study, the association of a small dose of clonidine (30 microg) with sufentanil caused a higher incidence of hypotension when the isobaric solution of the local anesthetic was used. For all other side effects, both hyperbaric and isobaric solutions showed similar behavior.
OBJETIVO: Questões relativas a quais pacientes/doenças que efetivamente deveriam ser submetidos ao tratamento endovascular ainda geram controvérsias. O objetivo deste trabalho visa a questionar o ...tratamento endovascular nas dissecções crônicas tipo B de Stanford. MÉTODOS: No período de 2003 a 2006, 11 pacientes portadores de dissecção crônica da aorta tipo B de Stanford com dilatação somente no tórax (diâmetro > 5,5cm), foram submetidos à colocação de prótese endovascular autoexpansível pela artéria femoral. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à angiotomografia de controle com 6 meses, 1 ano e após, anualmente, com o intuito de avaliar a presença de fluxo na falsa luz e estudar a evolução dos diâmetros da aorta torácica descendente e abdominal no decorrer do tempo. Para esta análise foram utilizados os testes Anova de duas vias para medidas repetidas e o qui-quadrado com o programa SPSS 13. RESULTADOS: Não houve mortalidade hospitalar. Nenhum paciente apresentou endoleak imediatamente após a operação. Durante o período de seguimento médio de 28 meses/paciente, não houve óbitos, um paciente foi submetido à substituição da aorta tóraco-abdominal e dois aguardam esta mesma intervenção. A endoprótese interrompeu o fluxo na falsa luz no tórax em 72,7% dos pacientes e, no abdome, somente em 18,2%, porém isto não implicou na redução dos diâmetros da aorta torácica nem abdominal. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento endovascular nas dissecções crônicas tipo B de Stanford parece não ser suficiente para tratar esses pacientes no curto/médio prazo, apesar do tamanho reduzido da amostra estudada.OBJECTIVE: Questions regarding the specific patient/disease that should be submitted to the endovascular procedure still remain unclear. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the endovascular treatment in chronic type B aortic dissections. METHODS: Between 2003 and 2006, 11 patients with chronic type B aortic dissection were submitted to endovascular procedure through femoral artery. All of them were monitored with CT within 6 months, 1 year and afterwars anually. We prospectively evaluated false lumen patency and thoracic and abdominal aortic diameters in each time point. The data comparisons were made using Anova and chi-square tests with SPSS 13. RESULTS: The endovascular stent-graft deployment was technically successful for all patients, with no hospital mortality. During the follow-up period the false lumen flows remained persistent in the thorax in 27.3% of the patients and in the abdomen in 81.8%. However, in all patients, in both segments, the aorta diameter was not significantly changed in size and shape. CONCLUSION: Despite the small number of studied patients, the endovascular procedure for chronic type B aortic dissections does not appear to be an option for the treatment of these patients.
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Adição de clonidina subaracnóidea (±-agonista) prolonga a ação analgésica da combinação sufentanil e bupivacaína isobárica em analgesia combinada para o trabalho de parto ...¹. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a qualidade de analgesia e a prevalência de efeitos colaterais após a adição de clonidina subaracnóidea à solução anestésica em gestantes durante trabalho de parto. MÉTODO: Após aprovação da Comissão de Ética, 22 gestantes em trabalho de parto receberam aleatoriamente no espaço subaracnóideo 2,5 mg de bupivacaína hiperbárica 0,5% (grupo CLON/HIPER; n = 11) ou 2,5 mg de bupivacaína isobárica 0,5% (grupo CLON/ISO; n = 11) em associação ao sufentanil 2,5 µg e à clonidina 30 µg. A dor avaliada pela Escala Analógica Visual, a freqüência cardíaca e a pressão arterial média foram estudadas a cada 5 minutos nos primeiros 15 minutos e, a seguir, a cada 15 minutos até o nascimento. Foi avaliada a prevalência de efeitos colaterais (náusea, vômito, prurido e sedação). O estudo foi encerrado no momento em que foi necessária complementação analgésica peridural (dor > 3 cm) ou ao nascimento. A análise estatística foi realizada pelos testes t de Student, Qui-quadrado, Fisher e ANOVA de duas vias para medidas repetidas, considerando como significativo p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os grupos CLON/HIPER e CLON/ISO foram semelhantes com relação a dados antropométricos, duração da analgesia (70,9 ± 32,9 vs. 85,4 ± 39,5), freqüência cardíaca, ocorrência de prurido, sedação, náusea e vômitos. No grupo CLON/ISO houve diminuição significativa da pressão arterial média com relação ao grupo CLON/HIPER nos momentos 15, 30 e 45 minutos (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Nas condições estudadas, a adição de clonidina em baixa dose (30 ¼g), associada ao sufentanil, determinou maior ocorrência de hipotensão quando administrada com soluções isobáricas de anestésico local. Com relação aos demais efeitos colaterais, as soluções hiperbáricas e isobáricas comportam-se de maneira semelhante.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La adición de la clonidina subaracnoidea (±-agonista), prolonga la acción analgésica de la combinación sufentanil y bupivacaína isobárica en analgesia combinada para el trabajo de parto ¹. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la calidad de analgesia y la prevalencia de los efectos colaterales, después de la adición de clonidina subaracnoidea a la solución anestésica en gestantes durante el parto. MÉTODO: Después de la aprobación de la Comisión de Ética, 22 gestantes en trabajo de parto recibieron aleatoriamente en el espacio subaracnoideo 2,5 mg de bupivacaína hiperbárica 0,5% (grupo CLON/HIPER; n = 11) o 2,5 mg de bupivacaína isobárica 0,5% (grupo CLON/ISO; n = 11) en asociación con el sufentanil 2,5 µg y la clonidina 30 µg. El dolor evaluado por la Escala Analógica Visual, la frecuencia cardíaca y la presión arterial promedio, fueron estudiados a cada 5 minutos en los primeros 15 minutos y a continuación, a cada 15 minutos hasta el nacimiento. Fue evaluada la prevalencia de efectos colaterales (náusea, vómito, prurito y sedación). El estudio fue terminado en el momento en que se hizo necesaria la complementación analgésica epidural (dolor > 3 cm) o al nacimiento. El análisis estadístico fue realizado a través de los tests t de Student, Chi-cuadrado, Fisher y ANOVA de dos vías para medidas repetidas, considerando como significativo p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Los grupos CLON/HIPER y CLON/ISO fueron similares con relación a los datos antropométricos, duración de la analgesia (70,9 ± 32,9 vs. 85,4 ± 39,5), frecuencia cardíaca, incidencia de prurito, sedación, náusea y vómitos. En el grupo CLON/ISO hubo una disminución significativa de la presión arterial promedio con relación al grupo CLON/HIPER en los momentos 15, 30, y 45 minutos (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: En las condiciones estudiadas, la adición de clonidina en baja dosis (30 ¼g), asociada al sufentanil, determinó una mayor incidencia de hipotensión cuando se administró con soluciones isobáricas de anestésico local. Con relación a los demás efectos colaterales, las soluciones hiperbáricas e isobáricas se comportan de manera similar.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The addition of subarachnoid clonidine (α-agonist) prolongs the analgesia produced by the combination of sufentanil and isobaric bupivacaine in combined labor analgesia¹. The objective of this study was to compare the quality of analgesia and the prevalence of side effects after the addition of subarachnoid clonidine to the anesthetic solution in labor analgesia. METHODS: After approval by the Ethics Commission, 22 pregnant women in labor were randomly assigned to the subarachnoid administration of either 2.5 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (CLON/HYPER Group; n = 11) or 2.5 mg of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine (CLON/ISO Group; n = 11) associated with 2.5 µg of sufentanil and 30 µg of clonidine. Pain, evaluated by the Visual Analogue Scale, heart rate, and mean arterial pressure were assessed every 5 minutes during the first 15 minutes, and then every 15 minutes afterwards until delivery. The prevalence of side effects (nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and sedation) was evaluated. The study was terminated whenever the patient needed supplemental epidural analgesia (pain > 3) or upon delivery of the fetus. The Student t test, Chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements were used in the statistical analysis and a p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Anthropometric data, duration of analgesia (70.9 ± 32.9 vs. 85.4 ± 39.5), heart rate, and the incidence of pruritus, sedation, nausea, and vomiting were similar in both groups. Mean arterial pressure was significantly lower in the CLON/ISO Group than in the CLON/HYPER Group at 15, 30, and 45 minutes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of the present study, the association of a small dose of clonidine (30 µg) with sufentanil caused a higher incidence of hypotension when the isobaric solution of the local anesthetic was used. For all other side effects, both hyperbaric and isobaric solutions showed similar behavior.
Background. This study evaluated whether large venous-arterial CO2 gap (PCO2 gap) preoperatively is associated to poor outcome. Method. Prospective study which included adult high-risk surgical ...patients. The patients were pooled into two groups: wide P(v-a)CO2 versus narrow P(v-a)CO2. In order to determine the best value to discriminate hospital mortality, it was applied a ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve for the P(v-a)CO2 values collected preoperatively, and the most accurate value was chosen as cut-off to define the groups. Results. The study included 66 patients. The P(v-a)CO2 value preoperatively that best discriminated hospital mortality was 5.0 mmHg, area=0.73. Preoperative patients with P(v-a)CO2 more than 5.0 mmHg presented a higher hospital mortality (36.4% versus 4.5% P=0.004), higher prevalence of circulatory shock (56.8% versus 22.7% P=0.01) and acute renal failure postoperatively (27.3% versus 4.5% P=0.02), and longer hospital length of stays 20.0 (14.0–30.0) versus 13.5 (9.0–25.0) days P=0.01. Conclusions. The PCO2 gap values more than 5.0 mmHg preoperatively were associated with worse postoperatively outcome.
Abstract Purpose To characterize the practices of Brazilian intensivists towards acute kidney injury (AKI) definition and management. Methods Cross-sectional survey conducted among 36 Brazilian ...hospitals. Results Out of 731 ICU physicians invited to participate, 310 (42%) responded to the survey. Nearly half of the ICU physicians (146/310) do not apply AKIN and/or RIFLE definitions to their ICU patients. Most of the respondents prescribe I.V. fluids as a first-line therapeutic intervention for AKI patients. While 38% of the surveyed physicians considered worsening of respiratory parameters to be the main criterion for stopping fluid infusion, only 15% considered daily net fluid balance as a criterion. Most of the respondents believed in the benefits of early renal replacement therapy (RRT) and considered worsening acidosis the most important criteria for starting early RRT. The main reason for a nephrologist referral was an urgently needed RRT. Conclusions Despite recent advances in AKI definition and management, most of the surveyed ICU physicians in Brazil have not incorporated them in their clinical practice. Important differences in the management of AKI patients were observed among Brazilian ICU physicians, which is relevant for educational interventions and future research.
OBJETIVO: Questões relativas a quais pacientes/doenças que efetivamente deveriam ser submetidos ao tratamento endovascular ainda geram controvérsias. O objetivo deste trabalho visa a questionar o ...tratamento endovascular nas dissecções crônicas tipo B de Stanford. MÉTODOS: No período de 2003 a 2006, 11 pacientes portadores de dissecção crônica da aorta tipo B de Stanford com dilatação somente no tórax (diâmetro > 5,5cm), foram submetidos à colocação de prótese endovascular autoexpansível pela artéria femoral. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à angiotomografia de controle com 6 meses, 1 ano e após, anualmente, com o intuito de avaliar a presença de fluxo na falsa luz e estudar a evolução dos diâmetros da aorta torácica descendente e abdominal no decorrer do tempo. Para esta análise foram utilizados os testes Anova de duas vias para medidas repetidas e o qui-quadrado com o programa SPSS 13. RESULTADOS: Não houve mortalidade hospitalar. Nenhum paciente apresentou endoleak imediatamente após a operação. Durante o período de seguimento médio de 28 meses/paciente, não houve óbitos, um paciente foi submetido à substituição da aorta tóraco-abdominal e dois aguardam esta mesma intervenção. A endoprótese interrompeu o fluxo na falsa luz no tórax em 72,7% dos pacientes e, no abdome, somente em 18,2%, porém isto não implicou na redução dos diâmetros da aorta torácica nem abdominal. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento endovascular nas dissecções crônicas tipo B de Stanford parece não ser suficiente para tratar esses pacientes no curto/médio prazo, apesar do tamanho reduzido da amostra estudada.
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