Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in critically ill patients and sepsis is the most common contributing factor. We aimed to determine the risk factors associated with AKI ...development in patients with septic shock.
Observational cohort study consisted of consecutive adults with septic shock admitted to a medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care academic hospital from July 2005 to September 2007. AKI was defined according to RIFLE criteria (urine output and creatinine criteria). Demographic, clinical, and treatment variables were reviewed. Main outcomes measured were AKI occurrence, all-cause hospital mortality, and hospital and ICU length of stay.
Three hundred ninety patients met inclusion criteria, of which 237 (61%) developed AKI. AKI development was independently associated with delay to initiation of adequate antibiotics, intra-abdominal sepsis, blood product transfusion, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin-receptor blocker, and body mass index (kg/m²). Higher baseline GFR and successful early goal directed resuscitation were associated with a decreased risk of AKI. Hospital mortality was significantly greater in patients who developed AKI (49 versus 34%).
In a contemporary cohort of patients with septic shock, both patient and health care delivery risk factors seemed to be important for AKI development.
Unexpandable lung from pleural disease Huggins, John T.; Maldonado, Fabien; Chopra, Amit ...
Respirology,
February 2018, Letnik:
23, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
ABSTRACT
Unexpandable lung is a common complication of malignant pleural effusions and inflammatory pleural diseases, such as pleural infection (e.g. empyema and complicated parapneumonic effusion) ...and noninfectious fibrinous pleuritis. Unexpandable lung due to pleural disease may be because of an active pleural process, and is referred to as malignant or inflammatory lung entrapment.
An unexpandable lung may also be encountered in the setting of remote pleural inflammation resulting in a mature fibrous membrane overlying the visceral pleura preventing full expansion of the lung. This condition is termed trapped lung and may be understood as a form of defective healing of the pleural space. Trapped lung typically presents as a chronic, stable pleural effusion without evidence of active pleural disease. An unexpandable lung most often manifests itself as an inability of fully expanding the lung with pleural space drainage. Patients will either develop chest pain preventing complete drainage of the pleural space or develop a post‐procedure pneumothorax.
Pleural manometry and radiological imaging are useful in the assessment of an unexpandable lung. Pleural manometry can demonstrate abnormal lung expansion during drainage and imaging will demonstrate abnormal visceral pleural thickening found in trapped lung or malignant and inflammatory lung entrapment.
Optimization of the clinical management of screen-detected lung nodules is needed to avoid unnecessary diagnostic interventions. Herein we demonstrate the potential value of a novel radiomics-based ...approach for the classification of screen-detected indeterminate nodules.
Independent quantitative variables assessing various radiologic nodule features such as sphericity, flatness, elongation, spiculation, lobulation and curvature were developed from the NLST dataset using 726 indeterminate nodules (all ≥ 7 mm, benign, n = 318 and malignant, n = 408). Multivariate analysis was performed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method for variable selection and regularization in order to enhance the prediction accuracy and interpretability of the multivariate model. The bootstrapping method was then applied for the internal validation and the optimism-corrected AUC was reported for the final model.
Eight of the originally considered 57 quantitative radiologic features were selected by LASSO multivariate modeling. These 8 features include variables capturing Location: vertical location (Offset carina centroid z), Size: volume estimate (Minimum enclosing brick), Shape: flatness, Density: texture analysis (Score Indicative of Lesion/Lung Aggression/Abnormality (SILA) texture), and surface characteristics: surface complexity (Maximum shape index and Average shape index), and estimates of surface curvature (Average positive mean curvature and Minimum mean curvature), all with P<0.01. The optimism-corrected AUC for these 8 features is 0.939.
Our novel radiomic LDCT-based approach for indeterminate screen-detected nodule characterization appears extremely promising however independent external validation is needed.
To evaluate the reliability of a novel segmentation-based volume rendering approach for quantification of benign central airway obstruction (BCAO).
A retrospective single-center cohort study.
Data ...were ascertained using electronic health records at a tertiary academic medical center in the United States.
Patients with airway stenosis located within the trachea on two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) imaging and documentation of suspected benign etiology were included. Four readers with varying expertise in quantifying tracheal stenosis severity were selected to manually segment each CT using a volume rendering approach with the available free tools in the medical imaging viewing software OsiriX (Bernex, Switzerland). Three expert thoracic radiologists were recruited to quantify the same CTs using traditional subjective methods on a continuous and categorical scale.
The interrater reliability for continuous variables was calculated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) using a two-way mixed model with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Thirty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria, and fifty CT scans were selected for measurement. The most common etiology of BCAO was iatrogenic in 22 patients (58%). There was an even distribution of chest and neck CT imaging within our cohort. The average ICC across all four readers for the volume rendering approach was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84 to 0.93), suggesting good to excellent agreement. The average ICC for thoracic radiologists for subjective methods on the continuous scale was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.20 to 0.55), suggesting poor to fair agreement. The kappa for the categorical approach was 0.26, suggesting a slight to fair agreement amongst the raters.
In this retrospective cohort study, agreement was good to excellent for raters with varying expertise in airway cross-sectional imaging using a novel segmentation-based volume rendering approach to quantify BCAO. This proposed measurement outperformed our expert thoracic radiologists using conventional subjective grading methods.
We recently found that epiplakin 1 (EPPK1) alterations were present in 12% of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cases and were associated with a poor prognosis in early-stage LUAD when combined with other ...molecular alterations. This study aimed to identify a probable crucial role for EPPK1 in cancer development.
EPPK1 mRNA and protein expression was analyzed with clinical variables. Normal bronchial epithelial cell lines were exposed to cigarette smoke for 16 weeks to determine whether EPPK1 protein expression was altered after exposure. Further, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out (KO) EPPK1 in LUAD cell lines and observed how the cancer cells were altered functionally and genetically.
EPPK1 protein expression was associated with smoking and poor prognosis in early-stage LUAD. Moreover, a consequential mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition was observed, subsequently resulting in diminished cell proliferation and invasion after EPPK1 KO. RNA sequencing revealed that EPPK1 KO induced downregulation of 11 oncogenes, 75 anti-apoptosis, and 22 angiogenesis genes while upregulating 8 tumor suppressors and 12 anti-cell growth genes. We also observed the downregulation of MYC and upregulation of p53 expression at both protein and RNA levels following EPPK1 KO. Gene ontology enrichment analysis of molecular functions highlighted the correlation of EPPK1 with the regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation, mesenchymal differentiation, angiogenesis, and cell growth after EPPK1 KO.
Our data suggest that EPPK1 is linked to smoking, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and the regulation of cancer progression, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target for LUAD.
Despite significant recent progress in precision medicine and immunotherapy, conventional chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of the treatment of most cancers. Chemotherapy-induced lung toxicity ...represents a serious diagnostic challenge for health care providers and requires careful consideration because it is a diagnosis of exclusion with significant impact on therapeutic decisions. This review aims to provide clinicians with a valuable guide in assessing their patients with possible chemotherapy-induced lung toxicity.
Pleural Fluid Characteristics of Chylothorax Maldonado, Fabien, MD; Hawkins, Finn J., MBBCh; Daniels, Craig E., MD ...
Mayo Clinic proceedings,
02/2009, Letnik:
84, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
OBJECTIVE To determine the biochemical parameters of chylous pleural fluids and better inform current clinical practice in the diagnosis of chylothorax. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively ...reviewed 74 patients with chylothorax (defined by the presence of chylomicrons) who underwent evaluation during a 10-year period from January 1, 1997, through December 31, 2006. The biochemical parameters and appearance of the fluid assessed during diagnostic evaluation were analyzed. RESULTS The study consisted of 37 men (50%) and 37 women (50%), with a median age of 61.5 years (range, 20-93 years). Chylothorax was caused by surgical procedures in 51%. The chylous pleural fluid appeared milky in only 44%. Pleural effusion was exudative in 64 patients (86%) and transudative in 10 patients (14%). However, pleural fluid protein and lactate dehydrogenase levels varied widely. Transudative chylothorax was present in all 4 patients with cirrhosis but was also seen with other causes. The mean ± SD triglyceride level was 728±797 mg/dL, and the mean ± SD cholesterol value was 66±30 mg/dL. The pleural fluid triglyceride value was less than 110 mg/dL in 10 patients (14%) with chylothorax, 2 of whom had a triglyceride value lower than 50 mg/dL. CONCLUSION Chylothoraces may present with variable pleural fluid appearance and biochemical characteristics. Nonmilky appearance is common. Chylous effusions can be transudative, most commonly in patients with cirrhosis. Traditional triglyceride cutoff values used in excluding the presence of chylothorax may miss the diagnosis in fasting patients, particularly in the postoperative state.
PDF
