The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the digitalisation level of education. Many institutions had some knowledge and practical background in delivering lectures online. Some countries apply a top-down ...digitalisation approach driven by policy or strategy and externally impacted by the government. Some other countries rather initiate digitalisation internally by teachers and universities.
The main goal is to investigate the digitalisation level of the higher education system in Croatia, exploring the digitalisation of economic disciplines compared to other scientific fields.
We assess the digitalisation level of higher education based on the regulatory framework, applied approach of digitalisation, the agility of transition to online teaching and the existing number of courses and online study programs. Education digitalisation in different countries is compared with the Croatian experience.
Although the satisfactory level of higher education institutions’ agility to switch online exist, there hasn’t been a centralised project led by the government and supported by proper funds to increase digitalisation in Croatia. Even before the pandemic, many e-courses from economics and business had been offered to students, but online study programs were exceptions, covering mainly the economics and business field.
The Covid-19 pandemic has improved the digitalisation process in the Croatian education system. A general framework for the digitalisation of education should be developed containing the detailed administrative processes and appropriate funds to be implemented.
There are many kinds of international operations, and entities from different countries can operate in different regulatory frameworks. This is why comparative international accounting has become ...more and more important. There are great efforts made by the EU, the IASB, the FASB, and other institutions in order to achieve comparable financial statements. Still, there are many accounting differences among the countries. The EU member states are restricted by the European Regulation on the application of the IFRS but the regulation of accounting principles for micro, small, and medium sized entities represents the national regulators choice. The main goal of the paper is to provide a description of the existing accounting framework and the standard setting process in two European countries: Croatia and Poland. Research methodology is based on a critical analysis of scholarly literature and the comparison of Polish and Croatian Accounting Acts, Polish Accounting Standards and Croatian Financial Reporting Standards, in terms of main accounting principles for assets. The authors test the thesis that the national accounting standard setting process affects the form and content of accounting principles and standards. Therefore, the research focus is related to several accounting areas and the paper investigates accounting principles for different kinds of assets.
Intenzivna primjena informacijskih tehnologija u svakodnevnom poslovanju ne mijenja samo tradicionalne načine obavljanja računovodstvenih zadataka, već traži i specijalizirana znanja i vještine. U ...tom smislu, od iznimnog je značaja edukacija vezana uz informacijske tehnologije i primjenu informacijskih tehnologija u računovodstvu, a koju budući profesionalni računovođe stječu tijekom formalnog obrazovanja na visokoškolskim institucijama. Cilj rada je istražiti pojavnost kolegija koji pružaju edukaciju o informacijskim tehnologijama na računovodstvenim smjerovima, na preddiplomskoj i diplomskoj razini studija, na visokoškolskim institucijama s AACSB akreditacijom (eng. The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business) u odabranim europskim zemljama. U radu se također identificiraju vrste informacijskih tehnologija koje se izučavaju u okviru kolegija na računovodstvenim smjerovima na preddiplomskoj i diplomskoj razini studija. U istraživanju je korištena metoda analize sadržaja web stranica, pri čemu je analiziran 51 studijski program računovodstvenog usmjerenja. Rezultati provedenog empirijskog istraživanja nadopunjuju postojeće spoznaje pružajući uvid u informacijske tehnologije koje se izučavaju na preddiplomskoj i diplomskoj razini studijskih programa računovodstvenog usmjerenja u europskom kontekstu, a koje u značajnoj mjeri korespondiraju tehnologijama koje se primjenjuju u recentnoj računovodstvenoj praksi.
The accounting treatment of real estate varies depending on the intended purpose of the acquired property. This paper discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the accounting standards for ...treatment of the item investment property according to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the Croatian Financial Reporting Standards (CFRS) and the International Financial Reporting Standards for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (IFRS for SMEs). The theoretical part of the paper analyzes different models for measuring and accounting for investments in real estate according to different accounting standards. Particular attention is paid to the notes to the financial statements. The empirical part of the paper is an extension of the research conducted in 2013 on a sample of quoted companies in Croatia. The analysis of the financial statements of quoted companies shows that they did not disclose all relevant information on investments in real estate in the notes to the financial statements. To determine whether there were any improvements in financial reporting on investments in real estate, we have compared the results for 2017 with the results for 2013.
Central and Eastern European countries undergo many political, structural, social and economic changes. In the past decades such countries, like Croatia and Poland, witnessed a fundamental ...transformation of their societies and economies, which impacted accounting systems as well. The mail goal of the paper is to research the main differences in accounting systems in the Republic of Croatia and Poland. The research methodology is based on a critical analysis of scholarly literature done by the bibliometric analysis, analysis Polish and Croatian accouting standards and legal acts. Based on inductive and deductive reasoning, the paper reveals key determinants and differences of accounting frameworks in Croatia and Poland. The paper proves that it is crucial to consider economic and cultural differences in comparative international accounting research. Research results of the paper will contribute the international accounting literature but also have an impact on the European Union accounting harmonisation references.
Privatisation processes have begun in the last decades of last century. Many countries recognized the advantages of privatisation in the form of financial goals such as increasing state budget, ...lowering indebtedness and strengthening market economy. Furthermore, the presumption of privatisation is that private ownership is better for achieving higher profitability of a company. Financial statements are common expression tools for companies’ business performance and financial position. Since accounting information system is a system where business events should be recorded, main output of the system are basic financial statements. The main goal of this study was to investigate the impact of privatisation process on business performance on the example of the selected companies in the Republic of Croatia. For the purpose of the study, the theoretical analysis of privatisation effects on business performance was made. Other than that, the empirical analysis of the selected companies in Croatia was conducted. This analysis was performed in two ways. First, the analysis of the selected financial ratios before and after the privatisation process was done through quartile analysis. The observed financial ratios were gross profit margin, ROA, ROE, total assets turnover and total economy ratio. To gain the individual impact of the privatisation process a deeper analysis of the selected ratios was conducted on the same research sample. Research results based on quartile analysis indicated that there is a difference between profitability prior and after privatisation and the privatized companies are more successful than the observed state-owned companies. However, based on the individual analysis’ research results the hypothesis that privately owned companies are more successful than the state-owned companies is only partially confirmed.
The accounting treatment of real estate varies depending on the intended purpose of the acquired property. This paper discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the accounting standards for ...treatment of the item investment property according to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the Croatian Financial Reporting Standards (CFRS) and the International Financial Reporting Standards for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (IFRS for SMEs). The theoretical part of the paper analyzes different models for measuring and accounting for investments in real estate according to different accounting standards. Particular attention is paid to the notes to the financial statements. The empirical part of the paper is an extension of the research conducted in 2013 on a sample of quoted companies in Croatia. The analysis of the financial statements of quoted companies shows that they did not disclose all relevant information on investments in real estate in the notes to the financial statements. To determine whether there were any improvements in financial reporting on investments in real estate, we have compared the results for 2017 with the results for 2013.
Sustainability performance efficiency in the banking sector Zyznarska-Dworczak, Beata; Fijałkowska, Justyna; Garsztka, Przemysław ...
Economic research - Ekonomska istraživanja,
12/25/2023, Letnik:
36, Številka:
3
Journal Article, Paper
Odprti dostop
Traditional sustainability reporting is based on an internally developed methodology and does not fully cope with the sustainability performance evaluation, especially from an external perspective. ...This study aims to fill this gap by offering a tool that may be used to assess the company's performance based on the results presented to external users. For this purpose, a two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) is proposed, that enables a comparison of the sustainability performance disclosed in non-financial reports in the banking industry in Poland, Croatia, and Romania. The findings of our study identify differences between the efficiency of sustainability performance in the banking sectors of all three countries. The proposed approach to compare hard-to-compare sustainability performance may significantly contribute to the decision-making process for stakeholders and, therefore, to the advancement of sustainability performance measurement research.
One of the principal features of accounting in the 21st century is harmonisation and stanardisation. Regulation of the European Parliament and European Council No. 1606/2002 harmonizes financial ...reporting for certain companies in the EU. However, national accounting principles are of great importance for financial reporting. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the application of generally accepted accounting principles, the regulatory accounting framework and the standard-setting bodies of EU member states. The analysis of these accounting issues was conducted with respect to all 28 EU member states. The results indicate that EU member states regulate their principal accounting issues through separate accounting acts or implement those issues in companies acts. Some EU member states do not have national accounting standards, the national accounting principles being incorporated in companies acts and accounting acts. Nevertheless, national accounting standard-setting bodies are governmental organisations in almost half the member states.
An accounting information system is of a great importance for preparing quality accounting information for a wide range of users. The study elaborates the impact of information technology on ...accounting process and as a consequence on accounting information systems quality. This paper analyzes the basic characteristics of accounting information systems quality, discussing the model of AIS’s quality measurement. The perception of the quality of accounting information systems by accountants in medium and large companies in Croatia is also presented. The paper presents the historical overview of AIS’s quality based on three empirical studies conducted in 2001, 2008 and 2012.
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