SM3 hash algorithm developed by the Chinese Government is used in various fields of information security, and it is being widely used in commercial security products. However, the performance of ...implementation on the software architecture is not sufficient for high‐speed applications. This study proposes a CPU‐FPGA co‐designed architecture which offloads the SM3 function on field‐programmable gate array so that high throughput can be achieved. The architecture can execute the SM3 hash algorithm with 16 concurrent streams or more, which means that multiple data streams can be processed in parallel. This design is implemented on the Xilinx XCKU115‐flva1517‐2‐e device and Dell commercial server, and the throughput of this design can reach up to 35.5 Gbps when 16 individual SM3 modules are processed in parallel. The proposed architecture results in an excellent performance in the CPU‐FPGA‐coupled environment.
Formation of nucleosomes along eukaryotic DNA has an impact on transcription. Major transcriptional changes occur in response to low external phosphate (Pi) in plants, but the involvement of ...chromatin-level mechanisms in Pi starvation responses have not been investigated.
We mapped nucleosomes along with transcriptional changes after 24-h of Pi starvation in rice (Oryza sativa) by deep sequencing of micrococcal nuclease digested chromatin and ribosome-depleted RNA. We demonstrated that nucleosome patterns at rice genes were affected by both cis- and trans-determinants, including GC content and transcription. Also, categorizing rice genes by nucleosome patterns across the transcription start site (TSS) revealed nucleosome patterns that correlated with distinct functional categories of genes. We further demonstrated that Pi starvation resulted in numerous dynamic nucleosomes, which were enhanced at genes differentially expressed in response to Pi starvation.
We demonstrate that rice nucleosome patterns are suggestive of gene functions, and reveal a link between chromatin remodeling and transcriptional changes in response to deficiency of a major macronutrient. Our findings help to enhance the understanding towards eukaryotic gene regulation at the chromatin level.
Diabetes Mellitus is a silent epidemic affecting >500 million, which claimed 6.7 million lives in 2021, a projected increase of >670% in <20 years old in the next two decades but insulin is ...unaffordable for the large majority of the globe. Therefore, we engineered proinsulin in plant cells to facilitate oral delivery. Stability of the proinsulin gene and expression in subsequent generations, after removal of the antibiotic-resistance gene, was confirmed using PCR, Southern and western blots. Proinsulin expression was high (up to 12 mg/g DW or 47.5% of total leaf protein), stable up to one year after storage of freeze-dried plant cells at ambient temperature and met FDA regulatory requirements of uniformity, moisture content and bioburden. GM1 receptor binding, required for uptake via gut epithelial cells was confirmed by pentameric assembly of CTB-Proinsulin. IP insulin injections (without C peptide) in STZ mice rapidly decreased blood glucose level leading to transient hypoglycemia, followed by hepatic glucose compensation. On the other hand, other than the 15-min lag period of oral proinsulin (transit time required to reach the gut), the kinetics of blood sugar regulation of oral CTB-Proinsulin in STZ mice was very similar to naturally secreted insulin in healthy mice (both contain C-peptide), without rapid decrease or hypoglycemia. Elimination of expensive fermentation, purification and cold storage/transportation should reduce cost and increase other health benefits of plant fibers. The recent approval of plant cell delivery of therapeutic proteins by FDA and approval of CTB-ACE2 for phase I/II human clinical studies augur well for advancing oral proinsulin to the clinic.
In recent years, plastic pollution has become a global environmental problem, posing a potential threat to agricultural ecosystems and human health, and may further exacerbate global food security ...problems. Studies have revealed that exposure to micro/nano-plastics (MPs/NPs) might cause various aspects of physiological toxicities, including plant biomass reduction, intracellular oxidative stress burst, photosynthesis inhibition, water and nutrient absorption reduction, cellular and genotoxicity, seed germination retardation, and that the effects were closely related to MP/NP properties (type, particle size, functional groups), exposure concentration, exposure duration and plant characteristics (species, tissue, growth stage). Based on a brief review of the physiological toxicity of MPs/NPs to plant growth, this paper comprehensively reviews the potential molecular mechanism of MPs/NPs on plant growth from perspectives of multi-omics, including transcriptome, metabolome, proteome and microbiome, thus to reveal the role of MPs/NPs in plant transcriptional regulation, metabolic pathway reprogramming, protein translational and post-translational modification, as well as rhizosphere microbial remodeling at multiple levels. Meanwhile, this paper also provides prospects for future research, and clarifies the future research directions and the technologies adopted.
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•MPs/NPs impacts plant growth, depending on properties of MPs/NPs and plant species.•MPs/NPs exposure leads to the transcriptome reprogramming in plants.•MPs/NPs exposure results in the reprogramming of proteome and metabolome.•MPs/NPs exposure disturbs community structures of rhizosphere microorganisms.
The study aims to analyze the personality and career-related factors that influence the choice of auditor profession, aspects that have enjoyed relatively little attention in the literature, ...especially in our country. The hypotheses debated in this study that could be part of the vision of the internal and external auditors interviewed from the public entities proposed to be analyzed from Bucharest (participants in the questionnaire) on the debates regarding the future of the auditing profession, as well as the connections with education.
In order to verify the management of the various operations present in order to emphasize the objectives, the management of the public entity needs to present outstanding information about the events ...and actions carried out. From this point of view, we considered that the establishment and applicability in public entities of the Internal Management Control System is fundamental. To this end, we conducted a research based on both the analysis of specialized works and the applicable regulations in force at the level of public entities, research followed by the applicability of a study that would indicate the importance of the subject debated.
Rice chitinase (
chi
11) and tobacco osmotin (
ap
24) genes, which cause disruption of fungal cell wall and cell membrane, respectively, were stacked in transgenic rice to develop resistance against ...the sheath blight disease. The homozygous marker-free transgenic rice line CoT23 which harboured the rice
chi
11 transgene was sequentially re-transformed with a second transgene
ap
24 by co-transformation using an
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
strain harbouring a single-copy cointegrate vector pGV2260∷pSSJ1 and a multi-copy binary vector pBin19∆
npt
II-
ap
24 in the same cell. pGV2260∷pSSJ1 T-DNA carried the hygromycin phosphotransferase (
hph
) and β-glucuronidase (
gus
) genes. pBin19∆
npt
II-
ap
24 T-DNA harboured the tobacco osmotin (
ap
24) gene. Co-transformation of the gene of interest (
ap
24) with the selectable marker gene (SMG,
hph
) occurred in 12 out of 18 T
0
plants (67%). Segregation of
hph
from
ap
24 was accomplished in the T
1
generation in one (line 11) of the four analysed co-transformed plants. The presence of
ap
24 and
chi
11 transgenes and the absence of the
hph
gene in the SMG-eliminated T
1
plants of the line 11 were confirmed by DNA blot analyses. The SMG-free transgenic plants of the line 11 harboured a single copy of the
ap
24 gene. Homozygous, SMG-free T
2
plants of the transgenic line 11 harboured stacked transgenes,
chi
11 and
ap
24. Northern blot analysis of the SMG-free plants revealed constitutive expression of
chi
11 and
ap
24. The transgenic plants with stacked transgenes displayed high levels of resistance against
Rhizoctonia solani
. Thus, we demonstrate the development of transgene-stacked and marker-free transgenic rice by sequential
Agrobacterium
-mediated co-transformation with the same SMG.
We were the first to report that epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells and tissues express myeloperoxidase (MPO) that is known to play a role in immune surveillance and inflammation by myeloid cells. ...Additionally, we reported that MPO is colocalized with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a key pro-oxidant enzyme, and plays a key role in regulating apoptosis in EOC cells. Whereas myeloid cells express MPO in a dimeric form, intriguingly, here we report the unique expression of only the monomeric form of MPO in EOC cells, tissues, and blood of an ovarian cancer patient. Additionally, we have identified a cell membrane receptor, αV/β1 integrin, that is uniquely expressed by both chemosensitive and chemoresistant EOC cells with significantly higher expression in chemoresistant EOC cells. More importantly, we have demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies against αV/β1 integrin induced cytotoxicity in EOC cells, but not in normal cells, that is also synergistic with conventional chemotherapies. Cytotoxicity of αV/β1 antibodies is due to conformational changes in αV/β1 integrin which prevents monomeric MPO binding to αV/β1 integrin inhibiting the activation of MPO, leading to increased apoptosis. Since normal epithelial cells and macrophages lack monomeric MPO and αV/β1 integrin system, targeting this unique MPO-dependent survival mechanism will selectively eliminate EOC cells and will be the target for developing specific ovarian cancer therapies.
In 2020, the WHO-approved Molbio Truenat platform and MTB assays to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) and resistance to rifampicin directly on sputum specimens. This primary health care ...center-based trial in Mozambique and Tanzania investigates the effect of Truenat platform/MTB assays (intervention arm) combined with rapid communication of results compared to standard of care on TB diagnosis and treatment initiation for microbiologically confirmed TB at 7 days from enrolment.
The Tuberculosis Close the Gap, Increase Access, and Provide Adequate Therapy (TB-CAPT) CORE trial employs a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled design to evaluate the impact of a streamlined strategy for delivery of Truenat platform/MTB assays testing at primary health centers. Twenty-nine centers equipped with TB microscopy units were selected to participate in the trial. Among them, fifteen health centers were randomized to the intervention arm (which involves onsite molecular testing using Truenat platform/MTB assays, process process optimization to enable same-day TB diagnosis and treatment initiation, and feedback on Molbio platform performance) or the control arm (which follows routine care, including on-site sputum smear microscopy and the referral of sputum samples to off-site Xpert testing sites). The primary outcome of the study is the absolute number and proportion of participants with TB microbiological confirmation starting TB treatment within 7 days of their first visit. Secondary outcomes include time to bacteriological confirmation, health outcomes up to 60 days from first visit, as well as user preferences, direct cost, and productivity analyses.
TB-CAPT CORE trial has been approved by regulatory and ethical committees in Mozambique and Tanzania, as well as by each partner organization. Consent is informed and voluntary, and confidentiality of participants is maintained throughout. Study findings will be presented at scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed international journals.
US National Institutes of Health's ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04568954. Registered 23 September 2020.
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