Nutritional management plays a crucial role in treating patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), working to prevent and control the progression of chronic non-communicable diseases.
To evaluate the ...effects of individualized nutritional interventions on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR)} over 12 months and subsequently at follow-up (15 months).
This longitudinal experimental study (without randomization and blinding) enrolled 84 sedentary participants with T2D (both sexes, aged 18-80 years). They were divided into a control group of 40 participants who received only medical consultations, and an intervention group of 44 participants who received the same medical care along with a nutritional assessment. Consultations occurred quarterly from August 2020 to November 2022 (first-twelfth month), with six to nine patients per session. Subsequently, a follow-up was conducted from December 2022 to November 2023, during which the intervention group had only medical care (during the 12th-15th months). Personalized dietary planning was inspired by the Mediterranean/DASH diets adapted to Brazilian foods and socioeconomic cultures.
Normal variables were compared between groups for each time point and also within each group across different time points using a two-way ANOVA (repeated measures for intragroup) followed by the Šídák post hoc test. Non-normal variables were compared between groups for each time point using Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Dunn post hoc test, and within each group across different time points using Friedman followed by the Dunn post hoc test. Data with a Gaussian distribution were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), and data with a non-Gaussian distribution were presented as median ± interquartile range (IQR). For all cases, α < 0.05 and
< 0.05 were adopted.
In the intervention group, significant reductions were observed between the first and twelfth month for all parameters (
< 0.05), (except for TC), along with an increase in HDL-C (
= 0.0105). Conversely, in the control group, there was a significant increase in HbA1c, weight, BMI, FBG, and WHR (
< 0.05) between the first and twelfth months. Regarding the comparison between groups, there was a significant difference for all analyzed parameters (
< 0.05) from the first to the twelfth month. In the follow-up, differences were also observed (
< 0.05), except for BMI (
> 0.05).
The individualized nutritional intervention improved eating habits, anthropometric, biochemical, and cardiovascular markers in T2D over 12 months, with sustained results during follow-up. The dietary plan inspired by the Mediterranean and DASH diets demonstrated good adaptation to the Brazilian food culture and the patients' socioeconomic contexts. Consistent monitoring and personalized nutritional management are essential for optimizing long-term outcomes. However, more clinical trials are necessary in order to optimize the level of evidence for longitudinal interventions.
This study aimed to analyze the differences in physical fitness variables, body composition, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet according to the cardiorespiratory fitness and the maturational ...stage in young football players. A total of 194 male football players (aged 8-16) from three football sport schools participated in this study. Data on cardiorespiratory fitness (the 20-m shuttle run test), anthropometric measurements, handgrip strength, respiratory capacity (forced spirometry), and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (KIDMED questionnaire) were collected. Players were divided into two groups depending on their maturational stage (prepubertal
= 127 and pubertal
= 67). The results show a direct relationship between low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index, as well as body fat and leg fat. Similarly, players with lower cardiorespiratory fitness presented higher values of handgrip strength in the prepubertal state. On the other hand, improvements in respiratory values were observed in the pubertal state with the rest of the parameters when the cardiorespiratory fitness was increased. Therefore, the promotion of recreational football that encourage and develop cardiorespiratory fitness is a key factor and can be used as an effective sport activity to promote physical fitness and healthy habits in children and adolescents as well as within the population that is already physically active.
The giant squid (Dosidicus gigas) is a species of commercial interest as a source of protein, and it can be developed into ready‐to‐eat food products, including expanded extrusion snacks (EES). EES ...are prepared primarily from starch; however, adding animal protein increases the nutritional contents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the protein–carbohydrate interactions on the physical and morphological characteristics of an EES made of squid mantle and potato–corn flour. The independent variable was the squid mantle content (40, 60, 80, and 100%) and two controls (01 = 100% potato, 02 = 100% corn). The expansion rate (ER) of the sample is significantly minor (p < .5) when the squid mantle content increases ER = 2.0, 1.8 1.4 to 40, 60, and 80%, respectively. In samples with more protein, crispness and crunchiness were reduced, whereas the hardness increased. Digital imaging analysis indicated that the interaction between protein and starch causes significant morphometric changes to the fractal dimension (2.665–2.739) and lacunarity (0.61–1.29). The results showed that it is possible to incorporate up to 60% squid mantle to prepare EES that possess texture and morphometric characteristics competitive in reported studies with snacks usually incorporating flours, corn, and wheat in the formulations.
Practical applications
The giant squid is a very attractive species because its meat has low caloric intake, high protein content, and is an important source of omega 3 fatty acids. Despite the desirable qualities of the squid meat its consumption is very low due to the low diffusion of the properties of its meat, acid, and ammoniacal flavor, rigid texture that requires prolonged cooking times and lack of alternatives of consumption. In Mexico, this type of squid is mainly destined for export as frozen mantle and products with little added value, which generates little economic benefit. Therefore, the results of this research may be of interest to the squid processing industry, which demands new forms of consumption of this marine species to increase their commercialization and added value.
The palette used on a small painting on copper support, with the inscription “Boceto di Pablo Veronese” on the back, was characterized. Non-invasive techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ...hand-held X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were proven to be highly effective for this. The objectives of the proposed work were twofold. On the one hand, the objective was the study, in situ, of the pigments of a painting on a copper support. On the other hand, it was to enrich the literature related to the study of paintings on metal supports, since few related studies are available despite the relatively large number of such 16th and 17th century paintings from Italy and Northern Europe. The results of the analysis showed a copper support with a base layer of gypsum mixed with ochre earths. Atop this layer is a sketch with lead white in the lighter areas and bone black in the darker shadow areas, suggesting that the artist performed a preliminary study of the luminosity of the scene. Finally, the upper or pictorial layer consists of a mix of pigments with some lead white to lower saturation and increase lightness, particularly evident in the flesh tones. The resulting palette thus includes lead white, vermilion, bone black, Naples yellow, and lazurite pigments. These results are compared to Veronese’s other paintings, as well as to those of certain contemporary artists, and the use of the resulting pigments in 16th and 17th century Italian painting techniques is discussed.
In this study, we propose a methodology for constructing a prototype room intended primarily for people with low incomes, allowing self-construction practices and upcycling of widely available waste ...materials in their original form. Mechanical tests were conducted on single bottles of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) filled with different materials as well as on entire PET bottle/concrete blocks. Higher strength was observed when the bottles were in a horizontal position. The mechanical performance of the construction solution adopted for the prototype was not tested, and therefore its structural adequacy was not proven. The insulating multilayer roof was composed of waste plastic bags, two layers of uncapped PET bottles of differing shapes and sizes, another layer of plastic bags, waste cardboard, soil from the site, and a top endemic plant green layer. The PET bottles used in construction were filled with clay from the site, although bottles filled with fly ash achieved better mechanical results. The bottles can also be used uncapped and empty, which would simplify the process considerably by reducing the filling stage. This can be considered to be the main proposal for this type of building. There were almost negligible solid wastes generated, since they were used in the multilayered green roof. From a top view, the prototype mimics the surroundings because the green roof incorporates soil from the site and endemic plants.
Objective
The objective of this randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) was to compare the effect of bupivacaine and articaine at habitual doses on pain intensity and the need for analgesics after ...lower third molar extraction.
Materials and methods
The final study sample comprised 50 Caucasian volunteers (26 males and 24 females; age range, 18–30 years) undergoing scheduled surgical extraction of impacted lower third molar. A computer-generated random sequence was used to allocate participants to the articaine (4%) or bupivacaine (0.5%) group. Surgeons and patients were blinded by labeling the articaine and bupivacaine carpules with numbers (1 and 2, respectively). Postoperative pain intensity (primary outcome) was evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS), while the requirement for and timing of rescue medication and the quality of intraoperative anesthesia were also measured (secondary outcomes).
Results
VAS-measured pain intensity was significantly higher (
p
< 0.05) in the articaine group than in the bupivacaine group at all time points except for 8 h post-surgery (
p
= 0.052). Rescue medication was required by 13 (52%) patients in the articaine group and 8 (32%) patients in the bupivacaine group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (
p
= 0.252). The groups did not significantly differ (
p
= 0.391) in the quality of the intraoperative anesthesia.
Conclusions
Bupivacaine is a valid alternative to articaine in third molar surgery and may offer residual anesthesia as a means of reducing postoperative pain. However, further well-designed RCTs are required in larger study populations to verify the effectiveness of bupivacaine to achieve residual analgesia after oral surgery.
Clinical relevance
These findings suggest that bupivacaine may be useful as a coadjuvant to control acute postoperative pain.
Trial registration
ACTRN12617001138370
To describe a cohort of neonates with left vocal fold motion impairment (LVFMI) and the factors associated to it in the neonatal period; procedures required during LVFMI treatment; and clinical ...outcomes at the age of 2-years. An additional objective was to study those factors which are likely to be most associated to functional recovery of LVFMI at this age.
A cohort of patients born in a tertiary care hospital with a diagnosis of left VFMI was included. Factors registered were: gender; clinical presentation at the time of examination; diagnosis of other laryngeal defects associated; data related to their neonatal period (gestational age, congenital heart defects corrective surgery required, neurologic disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, non-invasive ventilation required, invasive ventilation required, and tracheostomy required); treatment applied for LVFMI (tracheostomy and/or laryngeal surgery); need of language and hearing therapy; and outcomes considered by the pediatric otolaryngologist at the 2 years-old follow-up visit.
A total of 56 patients with LVFMI diagnosis were included. Only 10 patients (17.9%) showed functional recovery from LVFMI at the age of 2 years. We found significant negative association between this recovery and language and hearing therapy (p = 0.03), which was also associated to psychomotor retardation (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis produced similar results, being language and hearing therapy the only significant factor associated to a worse outcome (OR = 4.77 CI95% 1.14; 20.08 p = 0.03).
Psychomotor development retardation is negatively associated to functional recovery of full speech in a preterm infant's population with LVFMI diagnosis, regardless of other factors related to LVFMI etiology and severity.
•Vocal fold motion impairment (VFMI) is considered the second most frequent cause of neonatal stridor.•Left VFMI is strongly associated to PDA surgery, a condition occurring mainly in extremely preterm children.•We evaluated functional recovery after 2 years in a large sample size of preterm infants with left VFMI diagnosis.•Psychomotor development retardation was negatively associated to functional recovery of full speech in this population.•No other factors regarding etiology and severity were found to be influencing left VFMI functional recovery evolution.
The present study details the significant contribution that different international institutions have made to the field of sustainability and energy efficiency, with a focus on public buildings. This ...has been achieved by making use of the database Scopus, by applying bibliometric techniques and by analyzing the contents of articles published from 1976 to 2016. All the materials included in the analysis have been reported from Scopus. Several key aspects of the publications have been considered such as document type, language, subject area, journal type and keywords. Sustainable Development, Sustainability, Energy Conservation, Energy Efficiency and Buildings have been verified as the most used keywords. The obtained contributions have been classified geographically and by institution, with the United States, the United Kingdom, China, Australia and Italy being the leading research countries and Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Delft University of Technology and Tsinghua University the top contributing institutions. The most active categories in those fields are engineering, social sciences and environmental issues in that order. It can be assumed that the study of sustainability and energy efficiency across all its dimensions is of great interest for the scientific community. The global environmental issue has led many countries to incorporate a wide range of Energy Efficiency (EE) strategies in order to reduce energy consumption in public buildings, a highly valued aspect by European Union energy labelling.
Dietary patterns, exercise, sport, and physical activity have been shown to improve body composition in children. This systematic review with meta-analysis analyzed the effects of practicing football ...on body composition (fat mass, lean body mass, and bone mineral content) in children. An initial search in PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus was carried out in April 2021 to identify relevant articles. Inclusion criteria required children up to 12 years of age with a minimum football intervention duration of 10 weeks. Methodological quality of the articles was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Between the 1803 articles originally founded, only 14 articles were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 1643 subjects between the 14 studies were identified. The review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and used Review Manager and Full Meta-Analysis software. The results between the control and experimental groups showed significantly better lean body mass and fat mass values in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Football practice was positively associated with increases in lean body mass (mean difference of 1.55; 95% CI, 0.96, 2.15), decreases in fat mass (mean difference of −0.81; 95% CI, −1.49, −0.13), and increases in whole body bone mineral content (mean difference of 117.68; 95% CI, 83.69, 151.67). In conclusion, the results of this systematic review with meta-analysis suggest that football positively affects body composition in children. However, further research is needed to confirm the results for bone mineral content.
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) display a set of unique properties such as surface charge, nanometric size, and giant dipole moment that have not been considered so far to tame the luminescent ...properties of organic dyes upon soft and hard photoexcitation. Herein, the first comprehensive analysis on the photonic behavior of laser dyes adsorbed onto CNCs through physically dynamic driving forces is reported. By systematically varying the solvent, the dye molecular structure, and dye/CNC ratios, it is shown that the dye absorption and emission signatures are drastically modified when CNCs are incorporated into the solutions. The photonic characterization, together with molecular dynamic simulations, allows to unravel the labeling interaction processes and unambiguously assigns both the physicochemical properties of the surrounding media and the giant permanent dipole moment of CNCs as the most important factors taming the photophysical and lasing properties of dyes adsorbed on it. Accordingly, a CNC‐induced Stark effect accounts for the absorption and emission spectral changes recorded upon CNC incorporation. Herein, the widely expanding applications of CNCs toward the design of advanced photoactive nanomaterials based on these renewable building blocks are opened up.
Cellulose nanocrystals are used as “attractive meeting points” to enhance the photonic signatures of laser dyes physically adsorbed onto it, or in the proximity to it, thanks to a set of unique properties, such as nanometric size, surface charge, and a giant dipole moment capable of inducing a strong Stark effect into the molecular electronic transitions.
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